Physical Activity for Older Adults Research Paper 2022

Running head: LITERATURE REVIEW
LITERATURE REVIEW
Name of Student:
Name of University:
Author’s Note:

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Introduction
The main aim of the paper is to research on the effect of physical activity and resistance
training in the health of the older adult. The study has reviewed four different articles focusing
on aim of the paper. The main purpose of writing the review is to address the evidence based
practice for Mr Frederick in relation of physical activity and resistance with healthy ageing. The
paper describes the key theme of the research paper, the research method and design, the finding
of the paper and area of disagreement and agreement. The paper lastly compare the finding and
suggest the main perspective.
Historical background
Looking into historical background, health of older people deteriorate with aging which
causes slow in metabolism and physical health problem like joint pain and stiffness (Bauman et
al., 2016) . Therefore, research is needed to study the effect of the physical activity and
resistance training in the overall health of the older adult (Keadle et al., 2016).
Authorship
Reviewing the authorship of Daskalopoulou et al. (2017) is faculty of Health Service and
Population Research Department, the qualification of author mainly intend to research on health
service and physiotherapy. Vasiliadis and Belanger (2018) are member of Faculty of Medicine
and Health Sciences, majorly focus to research on aging and medicine. Canada, Li et al. (2018)
researcher of School of Nursing Jilin University Changchun China and Fisher et al. (2017) are
scientist of a Southampton Solent University, East Park Terrace, Southampton, UK are main
focus of interest is research on public health concerning to aging population as these authors are

2LITERATURE REVIEW
qualified in public health. Thus, it can be said that the research focus of these author are relevant
with their qualification.
Research question and aim
From the study of Vasiliadis and Belanger (2018) where the author has done research on
effect of exercise on health and its relation with the quality of life in older adults. The research
question of the study is what is the impact of exercise on the health of the older adults? The
study of Daskalopoulou et al. (2017) is compared with Vasiliadis and Belanger (2018) the key
theme of the paper is healthy ageing and the impact of physical activity. The research question of
the paper was what is the effect of exercise and physical activity in health of older people? The
study by Li et al. (2018) where author focus to find the impact of the resistance training in
cognitive function. The major rationale is that older people face cognitive impairment which also
have negative effect on the health (Buschke et al., 2017). The study of Fisher et al. (2017) also
focus on resistance training and older adult. Where authors aims to study on minimal dose
approach of resistance training and its effect on the older adult. It is often observed that heavy
exercise executed by older people can lead to physical issue like joint pain and risk of falls (Hill
et al., 2016). The finding will help Mr Frederic to analyses the benefit of physical activity for his
joint strength.
Research design and method
The approach of research of all the four studies are quantitative that helps to enhance the
generalisation of the result (Gibson, 2017). Vasiliadis and Belanger (2018) has conducted a
cohort study which is relevant to the research question because cohort studies identify the target
populations to evaluate the issue or aim of the research (Hox et al., 2017). The research method

3LITERATURE REVIEW
used by the author to address the research question is based on the mental health examination
which is followed by the study of HR-QOL (health related quality of life) that is function of
exercise at the baseline level. The method used is justified with the research question where the
author found that for the purpose of healthy ageing, involvement of physical training is important
for enhanced HR-QOL (Gurevitch et al., 2018). The study is limited as author has not conducted
any quality assessment test which has increased the biasness of the study. However the strength
of the study is that social economic status has been considered by author. Whereas, study of
Daskalopoulou et al. (2017) is a primary research and done meta-analysis of longitudinal cohort
studies focusing on the research question. The research design is justified with the aim of the
research as studies included is based on physical exercise and older adult (Martín-María et al.,
2017). The method used in the paper is systematic review and random-effect was performed and
assessed through methodological quality. Author identified 23 studies, in which it revealed
positive impact of physical activity with healthy ageing, however, six studies showed its
insignificance. However, the study is limited in research including low income groups. In
addition the studies included are mostly observational based and done survey analysis and use of
objective tool which can lead to potential biasness (Naimi et al., 2017). Though, the study has
done double screening of the result to get reliable result.
Li et al. (2018) in order to address the research aim, the author has done systematic
review of RCT which is considered as the high level of the evidence in the field research and
nursing. The author aims to assess the result of resistance training in the mental status of older
adult. Author has recorded 2634 studies and included 12 paper focusing on the resistance
training and older adult. The study has also not described about intensity of the resistance
training that will be beneficial for the health of the older adult which is the major limitation

4LITERATURE REVIEW
(Vechin et al., 2015). However, study has used sufficient sample sizes that has given reliable
result. Fisher et al. (2017) has conducted seminal literature review based on positive physical
and psychological health that results from resistance training. The article selected to study the
research question determine the dose and minimal volume of the resistance training for benefit of
health. The result of the study is limited with any statistical data and finding that is the major
limitation of the study, making the finding unreliable (Chu et al., 2016). The major strength of
the study is that it has given intensity and time of resistance training that will pose no harm to the
health of older adult.
Results
Vasiliadis and Belanger (2018) found that past physical history does not contribute to the
future decline of health. They also conclude by saying that physical activity improves the health
of the patient in addition with the mental stability. The study of Daskalopoulou et al. (2017)
concluded that if the older adult continue with physical exercise, there quality of life improves,
advance mental health, physical health issue and have higher level of healthy ageing phenotype.
Study by Li et al. (2018) has done thematic analysis of the studies which revealed that resistance
training have positive impact on the mental health of the elderly patient, moreover, if resistance
training is done triweekly or biweekly, it will have more benefit on the execution of function,
memory enhancement of elderly people. The study of Fisher et al. (2017) found that resistance
training conducted need to be of low to moderate time intervals which include multi-joint
exercise and single joint exercise. It is known to increase the hypertrophy and strength of muscle
in older adult. Whereas time constraint is the major drawback of the resistance training
(Schoenfeld et al., 2015).

5LITERATURE REVIEW
Comparison of the result- agreement and disagreement
From comparing the finding of the four paper, area of agreement and disagreement has
been noticed. The study of Vasiliadis and Belanger (2018) is in agreement with the
Daskalopoulou et al. (2017) which discuss about the importance of the physical exercise in the
health of the patient. Both of the studies suggest that with the involvement of physical exercise,
older adult have good health, however Vasiliadis and Belanger (2018) has not described the
benefit on mental health whereas Daskalopoulou et al. (2017) has recommended that cognitive
health is improved with physical exercise. The study conducted by Li et al. (2018) and Fisher et
al. (2017) mainly focus on resistance training and said that it will more beneficial for the health
of older adult However, the study by Li et al. (2018) does not studied the impact on physical
health rather focused on the mental status. Here author has described that resistance training
brings improvement in mental health whereas finding of Fisher et al. (2017) suggest that minimal
dose of resistance is beneficial for the health of the patient and help in contracting risk factor of
cardiovascular diseases. Thus, Mr Frederick can engage himself in the physical activity, exercise
and minimal dose of resistance for improve health that will strengthen the muscle and bone. It
will help to get rid of joint pain and stiffness. Additionally, it will also improve his cognitive
development and memory.
Conclusion
Lastly, from the above discussion it can be concluded that the literature review done to
analyses the effect of physical activity and resistance training in the health of the Mr. Frederic
Arum who is not in agreement to do physical exercise and resistance training for healthy aging.
From the finding it can emphasized that physical activity and minimal resistance training
promote healthy ageing. The fear of Mr Frederick ending up doing injury by training and

6LITERATURE REVIEW
exercise is outweigh by the finding. Thus the main theme of the literature review is positive
suggesting physical exercise and resistance training is good for health of older adult and promote
healthy aging. The literature review calls for more research in the field of physical activity and
resistance training, focusing on effect of combination both which needs more intensive research
to study its effect on the health of the older adult. Thus the overall perspective after reviewing
the study suggest that Mr Frederick should do physical activity and resistance training in
minimal dose to improve stiffness in joint and pain.

7LITERATURE REVIEW
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