Literature Review - Assignment Sample
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Added on 2021-05-27
Literature Review - Assignment Sample
Added on 2021-05-27
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Literature ReviewIntroductionNursing students face clinical as well as academic stress which contributes topsychological and physical problems (Shaban et al., 2012; Hamaideh et al., 2016; Yildirim et al.,2017). However, Mitchell (2017), He, Lopez & Leigh (2012), and Hansen &Sygeplejersken(2010) indicate that limited research are currently available to provide information about theexperiences of international nursing students with stress and coping strategies. As a result, it iscrucial that qualitative research be conducted to explore international nursing students' stress andcoping mechanisms. An in-depth analysis of causes of stress is vital to mitigating theintercultural challenges so as to promote an international educational culture (Shaban et al.2012). There is a little attempt made to conduct research addressing International nursingstudents. This study aimed to fill the gaps in the literature related to international education so asto provide insight into areas that need more emphasis in future researches.Search StrategyFollowing a search of the databases, a total of 47 research studies were included in thisreview. Searches were separately done for each area with keywords Stress, Internationalstudents, nursing students, and coping strategies. The 47 research studies that met the inclusioncriteria were taken from CINAHL, Psych info, ERIC and PubMed after the database search. Thearticles considered for inclusion included peer reviewed articles published in English languagebetween 2008 and 2018. The participants in this study comprised a range of international nursingstudents and students from other educational programs (Inclusion and exclusion criteria havebeen attached in Appendix). The findings from the literature review were categorised into four
principal areas: stress experienced by international students, stress experienced by internationalnursing students, stress coping strategies used by international students and stress copingstrategies used by international nursing students. Stress Experienced by International StudentsAdvancement in science and technology created emerging economies in many countrieswhich made a direct prompt for young people to study abroad and broaden their opportunitiesglobally (Hansen &Sygeplejersken, 2010). Furthermore, the European Higher Education Area(2012) found that International studies provide better career opportunities and economic stabilityfor students, mainly for students from healthcare backgrounds. Nursing students who enrol ininternational programmes can improve their skills and knowledge for tackling global problems.Similarly, Best Healthcare Degrees and Health Programs (2018) revealed that Europeancountries and the USA promote international nursing students to get better job opportunities inthese countries after they graduate. Ismail et al. (2016), Redfern (2015), Bai (2016), Yakunina et al. (2011), Hamamura et al(2016), and Wong et al (2014) identified higher level of stress prevalence among internationalstudents than native students. In addition, a survey conducted by University KebangsaanMalaysia Medical Centre (UKMMC) in 2013 stated that 58% of International students sufferfrom stress-related mental health issues. Furthermore, Wong & Paul (2013) reported that there ishigher level of suicidal rates in college students who came from diverse cultural background. Allthe above studies had identified some common stress factors such as lack of communicationskills, cultural differences and academic pressure as predictors of stress. Specifically, studying ina second language hinders the students from expressing their thoughts in class. In addition,
students who are brought up in countries where academic excellence is a cultural valueexperience academic stress as they seek meeting cultural expectations. Although students benefit from international studies, they also face several adjustmentproblems. Boafo&Arthur (2014), Nasirudeen (2018), Akhtar&Kröner-Herwig (2015), Lee et al.(2014), Koyama (2018), Tavakoli et al. (2009), Wei et al. (2008), and Liu et al. (2016) reportedthat international students experience acculturative stress while they pursue academic studiesabroad. Lueck & Wilson (2011) defined acculturation as a stress response of immigrants toacculturation. Akhtar &Kröner-Herwig (2015) assessed 652 international students. Data wascollected by online survey comprised of Acculturative stress scale. Findings indicated thatproficiency of the foreign language and previous travelling experience predicted a low level ofacculturative stress in foreign students. Further, Lueck & Wilson (2011) and Yu et al. (2014)indicated that International students face acculturative problems as a result of language barrier.In particular, studying in a second language hinders the students’ from expressing their thoughtsin class. Furthermore, financial insecurity especially from students from low income familiesresults in stress. Similarly, cultural differences, changes in academic modules, and detachmentfrom the family lead to stress. Yakunina et al. (2018), Lowinger (2018), Nilsson et al. (2008),and Myers-Walls et.al (2011) qualitatively studied the effects of stress on international studies.The results indicated that stress results in poor performance in exams and consequently longerstays in schools. In turn, students suffer from poor personal development and professionalgrowth. Turner and McCarthy (2017) showed that nursing students experience a differentacademic experience than their peer groups, which contributes to an increased level ofdepression. On the other hand, Hansen &Sygeplejersken (2010) revealed that international
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