Report on The Concept of the Neoliberalism

Running head: LITERATURE REVIEW
LITERATURE REVIEW
Name of the Student
Name of the University
Author Note

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LITERATURE REVIEW
Introduction:
The concept of the neoliberalism refers to the globalization of society in terms of
economical growth. The neoliberalim has impacted all aspects of the society including the higher
education. The higher education has gained much importance from the historical age and after
execution of the concept of neoliberalism in the society, the perspectives of the higher education
have changed. There has been vast and in depth study by the scholars of the higher education and
the impact of the neoliberalism on the same. The purpose of this literature review is to present
the concept and the opinions of the different scholars regarding the impact of neoliberalism on
higher education. On the other hand, the literature review of this discourse presents level of the
competition within the university in terms of the influence of the neoliberalism on the higher
education. In regard to this, it must be noted that the effect of the neoliberalism is different in the
different country. However, the trends in the universities of all the country are similar on the
providence of the education to the students in order to get all the privileges from the
implementation of the neoliberalism. The quality and the standard of the education have also
been changed with the conceptualization of the neoliberalism in the context of the higher
education.
Historical and Contemporary Perspective:
As opined by Joens and Hoyle, (2013), neoliberal corporatization of the of the higher
education regard to the latest manifestation of the rankings of the university “in which the market
forces increasingly govern research and teaching and thus leads to the marketization of the
education and the co-modification of the knowledge, and simple but relentless pressure to
produce”. From the historical perspective the competition in the context of the higher education

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LITERATURE REVIEW
does not refer to the competition among the universities, rather it refers to the competition among
the students for the achievement of the graduate level studies. On the other hand, Seller, (2013)
stated that the impact of the neo-liberalism has increased the competition among the universities
regardless of their countries. The contemporary perspectives of the competition refer to the close
and strong competition among the universities in terms of the deliverance of the education to the
students (Hazelkorn, 2015). In regard to the impact of the neo-liberalism, the socio economic
background of the universities as well as the students, the level of competition is determined. For
serving the purpose of the competition and to gain the competitive advantages in the global
market which is driven by the neoliberalism, the universities are approaching the cross border
relationship (Mitchell & Nielsen, 2012). This transformation is the result of the globalization in
terms of the neoliberalism. Along with this, Michell and Nielson, (2012) also stated that the
neoliberalism is enabling the universities to stand as the individual entity I the global context of
the higher education. It must be understood from the historical perspective that the prevalence of
the competition in the higher education was less compared to the contemporary perspective.
As opined by Bagley and Portnoi, (2016) the emergence of the several new universities in
the competitive global market of the higher education can be compared to the trends in the higher
education sectors and the reason behind the same is the conceptualization of the neoliberalism.
The scholars in the article have emphasized upon the contemporary trends of the higher
education in terms of the global competition. It is considered that the knowledge producers are
the center in the market of the competition, as “knowledge and people with knowledge are the
key factors of development, the main drivers of growth, and the major determinants of
competitiveness in the global economy” (Bagley & Portnoi, 2016). In this regard, it must be
remembered that the neoliberalism is one of the aspects of the globalization. Therefore, the

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LITERATURE REVIEW
neoliberalism along with the globalization has transformed the public universities to the private.
The privatization of the universities has increased the level of competition among the universities
and this is the chief argumentative topic of the neoliberal economic agenda (Mitchell & Nielsen,
2012).
The contemporary perspective of the competition in the market for the higher secondary
education is indicated by the economical growth and development in regards to the neo-
liberalism. However, the competition among the universities for the providence of the higher
education to the mass is based on the needs and the contemporary trends in regard to the higher
education. The more the country is developed, the more competitive is the market of education
is. In addition, the privatization of the universities is also based on the economical dependency of
the universities (Lipman, 2011). It is found that the rate and the level of the competition are more
in the private universities more rather than the public universities (Stimac & Simic, 2012). The
neo liberalism is the key to the competition in the sector of the higher education in terms of the
global context. The neoliberal concept has worked as the evolving factor for the transformation
of the competition level within the setting of the higher education organizations.
As the economic growth is the basis of the neo liberal concept, the universities which are
not privatized are economically helped by the government in order to gain the competitive
advantages from the market. As stated by Gale and Parker, (2013), the role of the Australian
government in the higher education is vital as after the World War II, the education system was
disrupted and desperately needed the help from the government. In regards to this, it needs to be
mentioned that the economical aspect of the nation, as well as the state, is the key important
factor for the advancement of the competition in the context of the higher education. With the
evolving transformation of the universities in terms of the deliverance of the higher education to