Effectiveness of Lockdowns and Mitigation Measures for Reducing the Spread of Covid-19 in Pakistan

This research paper explores the impact of Covid-19 on society in Pakistan, the measures taken by the government to reduce the spread of the virus, and the role of the government in preventing deaths and illness. The research methodology includes an exploratory strategy and a qualitative approach, with data collected through secondary sources. Thematic analysis is used to evaluate the data. The paper concludes with recommendations for the government to focus on awareness campaigns and mandatory safety guidelines.

Research Proposal
(An effectiveness of lockdowns, mask
mandates, and other mitigation measures for
reducing the spread of Covid 19 along with
preventing deaths and illness among society)

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
Research topic........................................................................................................................3
Research aim..........................................................................................................................3
Research Objective.................................................................................................................3
Research Questions................................................................................................................4
LITERATURE REVIEW................................................................................................................5
What is the impact of COVID 19 among society of Pakistan?..............................................5
What are the measures taken by the government of Pakistan for reducing the spread of
COVID 19?.............................................................................................................................5
What is the role of government of Pakistan in preventing deaths and illness among society?6
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY.....................................................................................................7
How analysis will be done...............................................................................................................8
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS............................................................................8
Conclusion..............................................................................................................................8
Recommendations..................................................................................................................8
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................9

INTRODUCTION
The pandemic has led to great loss of human life worldwide and also it continues to bring
challenges to food systems, public health and world of work. COVID 19 has caused economic
and social disruption due to which millions of people are failing into extreme poverty. It has also
affected the business world due to which companies are facing severe loss and closing their
outlets in order to survive in the tough time of pandemic (Azeem and et. al., 2022). COVID 19
has affected all the countries in the world with millions of confirmed cases and millions of death
across globe including Pakistan. It has also created a negative impact on primary, secondary and
tertiary sector of economy like health care, education and agriculture. The government of
Pakistan has imposed lockdown in first wave only in order to reduce the affect of crisis and also
they encourage the people to wear the mask in order to save their lives. Wearing mask is
mandatory for people in Pakistan for reducing the spread of disease from one person to another.
In the first wave of pandemic, the number of cases in Pakistan was less as compare to other
developed countries (Salman, 2021). The government has launched smart lockdown schemes in
first wave only. In the smart lockdowns schemes, the government focuses on identifying the
COVID hotspots across Pakistan and isolates the specific areas. Thus, this research is based on
identifying the effectiveness of lockdowns, mask mandates, and other mitigation measures which
are taken by Pakistan government in order to prevent the deaths and illness among society.
Research topic
An effectiveness of lockdowns, mask mandates, and other mitigation measures for
reducing the spread of Covid 19 along with preventing deaths and illness among society
Research aim
To identify the effectiveness of lockdowns, mask mandates, and other mitigation
measures for reducing the spread of Covid 19 along with preventing deaths and illness among
society: A study on Pakistan
Research Objective
 To identify the impact of COVID 19 among society of Pakistan
 To determine the measures taken by the government of Pakistan for reducing the spread
of COVID 19

 To examine the role of government of Pakistan in preventing deaths and illness among
society
Research Questions
 What is the impact of COVID 19 among society of Pakistan?
 What are the measures taken by the government of Pakistan for reducing the spread of
COVID 19?
 What is the role of government of Pakistan in preventing deaths and illness among
society?

LITERATURE REVIEW
Literature review is a document which helps in providing understanding and knowledge
of academic literature on particular topic of field. It generally helps in bringing focus and clarity
to research problem and also contextualize the findings of researcher.
What is the impact of COVID 19 among society of Pakistan?
As per the viewpoint of Mukhtar (2020), COVID 19 has hit the economy of Pakistan due
to which people of country falling into poverty. The pandemic has brought unpredicted issues to
societies and also it threatened the humanity and global resilience. Due to outbreak of pandemic,
the firms of Pakistan are facing difficulty to survive. In the first wave of pandemic, the cases in
Pakistan were less as compared to other developed countries. The pandemic event has affected
the humankind in terms of economic setbacks and thousands of life lost. Hospitals of Pakistan
are increasing with COVID 19 patients due to which the health care sector is impending peak of
cases. The government of Pakistan is taking measures for strengthening the public health system
so that they can effectively cope up with pandemic spread. The country is also facing difficulty
to protect their agriculture sector from the consequences of COVID 19. Pakistan government is
also suffering from food security issues due to pandemic. The crisis has also influenced the
economy of country as they have lost one third of its revenue and exports due to outbreak and
lockdown. One of the biggest and immediate impacts of lockdown is the halt in business
operations. The imposed of lockdown has closed the factories and other business activities of
companies due to which becomes challenging to survive and run business effectively.
What are the measures taken by the government of Pakistan for reducing the spread of COVID
19?
As per the opinion of Hayat and et. al., (2021), there are various measures which are
taken by government of Pakistan for reducing the spread of COVID 19 are developing functional
emergency operations centers, detecting the route of disease spread, imposing lockdown and
making mask mandatory. They have also taken a step to control the borders and also put
restrictions on travelling. In order to reduce the impact of pandemic, Pakistan government has
closed the borders for reducing the movements. The government has also took initiative for
organising quarantine houses near airports and borders in order to isolate the people who are
entering in Pakistan. They are also taking necessary services and measures for ensuring the

safety of people’s lives. As the borders of Pakistan were contained, it becomes their
responsibility to provide solutions to people who are stuck at the border. The Pakistani
government was allowing people who were quarantined for the weeks and doesn’t show any
symptoms after being quarantined. In order to reduce the spread of disease, Pakistan government
has also imposed well planned lockdowns in several cities. The parks, schools, colleges, offices,
eateries and wedding hall were closed in Pakistan. They have also taken the step for reducing the
spread of disease by closing prayers at mosques which also includes Friday prayers. The
government has also sealed off the areas in which virus was transmitting.
What is the role of government of Pakistan in preventing deaths and illness among society?
According to Kazmi, Shah and Khan (2020), the role of government of Pakistan in
preventing the deaths and illness among society is strong as they were focused for reducing the
spreading of disease. The government has taken various initiatives in order to reduce the deaths
and illness among society. They have imposed lockdown in order to reduce the spread of disease
and also they have closed borders for eliminating the movement within country. For preventing
deaths and illness, government has imposed lock downs during different hours in different
regions. Pakistan government has also increased their testing capacity in order to estimate the
actual number of confirmed cases. The government has also implemented SOPs for public and
ensures that they must follow. The guidelines includes maintaining social distancing, avoiding
crowded areas., maintaining hand hygiene, avoiding touching body parts and warning mask.

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research methodology is a tool which is used by researcher in order to collect and
analyse the data related to particular topic. Through research methodology, researcher can collect
and evaluate the relevant information related to the topic. There are various types of
methodologies which are used by investigator for identifying the impact of COVID 19.
Research Philosophy: Research philosophy is one of the type of methodology which is
sued by investigator for collecting and analysing the data related to specific topic. It is mainly
divided into three forms such as ontology, epistemology and axiology. Under this research the
researcher will choose epistemology philosophy which further categories into three types they
are: interpretivisim, positivism and critical realism (VanKooten, 2019). The researcher will use
interpretivisim philosophy as it helps in gathering and analysing the qualitative information
within short period of time. The reason behind choosing interpretivisim philosophy is that it
helps in collecting theoretical information from different sources such as articles, books and
publication research.
Research strategy: The research strategy is of three types such as experimental,
exploratory and descriptive. In this research, the investigator will use exploratory strategy as it
helps in providing secondary information and it is cost effective design (Rix and et. al., 2019). It
also helps in providing in-depth knowledge of data and also collects the data in shorter period of
time. There are also other type of research strategy such as experimental, survey, case study and
many others. But within this research, the researcher will choose case study strategy as it helps in
gathering secondary information with less time and cost.
Research approach: There are two types of resrecah approach they are qualitative and
quantitative. The chosen research approach for this research is qualitative approach as it helps in
providing information in theoretical manner. The other two approaches of data analysis is
inductive and deductive approach (Venable, Pries-Heje and Baskerville, 2017). Under this
research, the researcher will choose inductive approach as it helps in facilitating the qualitative
data within certain period of time.
Data collection: There are two types of data collection method such as primary data
collection and secondary data collection. In this research, the investigator will choose secondary
data collection as it requires less time, allow researcher to generate new insights from previous
analysis and also it is cost effective.

How analysis will be done
Data analysis is a tool which helps in evaluating the gathered data via research analytical
technique. For evaluating the secondary information regarding the impact of pandemic and role
of government for reducing the spread of disease, thematic analysis is used by investigator.
Through using this tool, researcher can evaluate the information within certain period of time in
systematic manner.
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Conclusion
It is being concluded from the above information that pandemic has hit the economy of
country due to imposed of lockdown. In order to reduce the impact of pandemic, Pakistan
government has taken certain measures such as lockdowns, travel restriction and social
distancing. The country also faces rise in poverty which has created an impact on the livelihoods
of people. It is important for government to take necessary precautionary actions in order to
reduce the negative impact of pandemic.
Recommendations
From the above information it is being recommended that government must focus on
taking necessary actions for reducing the transmission of disease. The government must focus on
launching awareness campaign in order to spread the awareness among people related to safety
guidelines which must be followed in pandemic. The government must also focus on resuming
the activities by taking certain precautions such as wearing mask, sanitizing the areas and
maintaining social distancing. Thus, it is important for government to mandatory the mask and
gloves in public areas and spaces in order to reduce the spread of disease. They must also take
strict action on the people who doesn’t wear mask and gloves.

REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Azeem, G and et. al., 2022. Exploring the impacts of COVID-19 pandemic on risks faced by
infrastructure projects in Pakistan. International Journal of Applied Decision
Sciences. 15(2). pp.181-200.
Hayat, M. A and et. al., 2021. Investigating the causal linkages among inflation, interest rate, and
economic growth in Pakistan under the influence of COVID-19 pandemic: A wavelet
transformation approach. Journal of Risk and Financial Management. 14(6). p.277.
Kazmi, M., Shah, S. A. H. and Khan, F. Q., 2020. Impact of COVID-19 on tourism and
hospitality of Pakistan. Artech J. Tourism Res. Hospitality. 1(1). pp.25-31.
Mukhtar, S., 2020. Mental health and emotional impact of COVID-19: Applying Health Belief
Model for medical staff to general public of Pakistan.
Rix, E .F and et. al., 2019. Indigenist and decolonizing research methodology.
Salman, Y., 2021. Public management reforms in Pakistan. Public Management Review. 23(12).
pp.1725-1735.
VanKooten, C., 2019. A research methodology of interdependence through video as
method. Computers and Composition. 54. p.102514.
Venable, J. R., Pries-Heje, J. and Baskerville, R. L., 2017. Choosing a design science research
methodology.