Transitioning to a Low Carbon Economy: Strategies to Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions

This specification explores the strategies to transition towards a low carbon economy by reducing greenhouse gas emissions. It covers the impact of greenhouse gases on the environment and living beings, advantages of reducing emissions, and strategies to reduce them. The research is based on qualitative data collected from secondary sources such as books, journals, and websites. The search terms used include carbon economy, low carbon economy, greenhouse gases, and reduction strategies.

SPECIFICATION

Table of Contents
PROJECT DEFINITION.................................................................................................................3
Background of the study..............................................................................................................3
Research questions.......................................................................................................................3
Scope of the study........................................................................................................................4
LITERATURE REVIEW................................................................................................................4
Theme 1 : Develop an understanding towards the concept of Low Carbon Based Economy.....4
Theme 2 : How green house gases affects the environment, surroundings and the health of
living beings.................................................................................................................................5
Theme 3 : The strategies through which emission of greenhouse can be reduced......................6
Theme 4 : Advantages of reducing emission of green house gases............................................7
METHODOLOGY AND RESOURCES........................................................................................7
Research type...............................................................................................................................7
Search strategy.............................................................................................................................7
Search terms.................................................................................................................................8
Inclusion and Exclusion criteria..................................................................................................8
PROJECT PLAN AND RISK ASSESSMENT...............................................................................9
Gantt Chart...................................................................................................................................9
Network Diagram......................................................................................................................10
Risk assessment.........................................................................................................................10
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................1

PROJECT DEFINITION
Background of the study
Green house gases refer to those gases that affects the environment of the earth
negatively. The green houses gases include carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide. The
excessive emission of greenhouse gases within the environment affects the health of living
beings and also leads to climate changes which have harmful impact on the natural environment.
The excessive emission of carbon dioxide within the environment can lead to excessive heat or
rise in the temperature, leading air pollution, fog, smoke and can give rise to several respiratory
diseases (Baral, and et.al 2019). It has been identified there are several countries across the
world who are highly dependent on the crude oil, coal and other such natural resources.
However, this increased use of resources is leading them towards a negative path i.e., towards
the ransom. The present specification aims to convert the present environment into a low carbon
based economy which can help the living beings in enhancing their day to day lives and restrict
the premature deaths of living beings as a result of excessive emission of the greenhouse gases
within the environment. A low carbon based economy will be helpful in enhancing the global
environment all over the world, boosting the health of the normal public, and maintaining the
biodiversity and ensuring greenery, clean space, water, air for the coming generations.
Aim:
To investigate the strategies through which a nation can transition away from carbon
economy
Objectives:
On the basis of the above aim, the following objectives have been drafted:
 To develop an understanding towards the carbon economy.
 To determine the harmful impact of greenhouse gases on the environment.
 To evaluate the advantages of reducing the emission of greenhouse gases within the
environment.
 To recommend ways through which the emission of greenhouse gases can be reduced.
Research questions
Q.1 What is meant by Low carbon based economy along with its benefits to the environment?
Q.2 How emission of greenhouse gases can be reduced within the environment and convert the
economy into a low carbon economy?

Q.3 Critically analyse and discuss the advantages of reduction the emission of greenhouse gases
within the environment.
Scope of the study
The present study will be very much beneficial for the research scholars conducting
research into topics which are similar this particular topic. The present specification will serve as
a base for existing the upcoming scholars within this field and will be helpful in enhancing their
knowledge. The present study will be helpful for a country to shift themselves towards a low
carbon economy by providing them with a strategic plan. (Kumar, and et.al 2019). It will be
helpful for the environmentalists in forming certain conclusions on the basis of the findings of
this specification. Further, the present specification can be found helpful in developing an
understanding how greenhouse gases are affecting the nature and environment on the planet and
also the life living beings and has to a decreased the life of the individuals due to the existing
pollution within the environment.
LITERATURE REVIEW
Theme 1 : Develop an understanding towards the concept of Low Carbon Based Economy
According to Parker, and et.al , (2018), it has been observed that a low- carbon economy
refers to an economy that promotes the use and implementation of strategies which could help
the organization or any other set up to reduce the emission of green house gases within the
environment. A Low carbon economy is based on an economy the believes on the concept of low
level of emission of green houses gases. A low level of carbon economy is also known as
decarbonized economy. As per the views of author, the emission of green houses gases within
the environment is due to the anthropogenic activity and has affected the environment badly.
Rapid transition away from a carbon based economy to a low carbon based economy can help
different countries all over the world in bringing necessary changes within the functions which
affect the environment as a whole throughout the globe and make the planet a better place to live
for the people living within it.
According to Deng, and et.al (2018), it has been identified that if all the organizations
pledge to take steps in order to reduce the emission of green house gases within the environment,
it will help all the organizations that are operating within the economy and all over the world
with a number of advantages. A low carbon economy will help the company by reducing the
number of taxes charged by the Government of a nation with respect to the harmful effects of its

operations and manufacturing on the environment as a whole. It will also help in decreasing the
federal deficits, fund public investments.
Theme 2 : How green house gases affects the environment, surroundings and the health of living
beings.
As investigated by Gao, and et.al (2018), a green house gas can be described as a gas that
absorbs and consumes the radiations of the sun in the form of heat and then consumes the same
within the environment. The major reasons which leads to the emission of green house gases
within the environment includes anthropogenic activities such as burning of fossil fuels,
agriculture, forestry and other land use, manufacturing of cement and aerosols. These actions of
individuals leads to development or emission of harmful green house gases within the
environment which includes the emission of carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, methane, water
vapour and depletion of the ozone layer. The emission of green house gases within the
environment affects the environment as well as the lives of human beings within different
nations all over the world. The emission of green houses gases leads to thawing of glacial
masses, flooding of islands and coastal cities all over the world, gives rise to hurricanes and
migration of different types species from one place to another in order to save their own lives
and affecting the fertility of farming lands. This affects the environment all over the world and
affects leads to a climate change through out the world. The emission of gases that are harmful in
nature creates a dis-balance within the ecology of the environment, due to the same reasons the
floods, volcanos, excessive heats and rising of temperature during summer takes place.
As per the opinions of Sarkodie, and et.al (2019), the emission of green house gases also
affects the lives of human beings in many ways. A dis balance in the economy and environment
across the globe leads to shortage of food and spread of different types of diseases which can, in
turn, give rise to pandemics. Since, the emission of green house gases leads to conversion of
fertile lands into infertile lands, it creates food shortage within the nations. Also, the rise in
temperature during summers , or excessive cold, or unexpected rain during summers or winters,
floods, volcanos, hurricanes, all of these factors affect the agriculture produce and leads to a
shortage of food within the economy and thus, affects the health as well as the lives of the
individuals.

As per the views stated by the Romero, and Gramkow, (2021), it has been determined
that the global warming is one of the major reasons which leads to development and generation
of infectious diseases within the individuals and which later on gets converted into huge
pandemics. The global warming gives rise to infectious diseases such as malaria, cholera ,
dengue and many more of such diseases which are harmful for the lives of human beings. This
dis balance in the nature leads to a rise in the floods and hurricanes due to which various species
and human beings living on the coastal regions gets affected and had to migrate to new places.
Theme 3 : The strategies through which emission of greenhouse can be reduced
According to Field, and et.al (2020), there are several ways that can be used in order to
reduce the emission of greenhouse gases within the environment. The strategies to through which
the emission of greenhouse gases can be reduced involves use of less energy, generation of
electricity without emissions, decreasing the footprints of the food, travelling without emitting
gases, reduction of carbon dioxide from the environment and reducing the emission from
industrial processes. People should learn the value of electricity and consume the same very
cautiously especially when it is being generated from burning of coal or gases as it will lead to
generation of greenhouse gases within the environment. For the purpose of decreasing the
consumption of energy, it is essential to implement the use of bulbs instead to tube light. This
will the people in saving electricity. Another thing which the public should follow in order to
reduce the emission of green house gases is generation of electricity with the use of solar energy,
geothermal energy, ocean waves, tidal energy and many more of such energies. This restrict the
use coals and fossil fuels from burning and therefore helps in saving the environment.
As investigated by Tanzer, and Ramírez, (2019), it has been analysed that in today’s
world, most of the carbon emission is generated because of the raising the farming animals for
the purpose of acquiring meat from them. It has been determined that when the farm animals
consume food products that are vegetarian in nature, it releases less carbon dioxide and emission
of harmful gases within the environment as compared to when the animal consumes non
vegetarian products. Therefore, implementing the strategy will help in converting into a low
carbon economy.
As per the views expressed by Mikhaylov, and et.al (2020), it has been determined that
travelling without emission of gases can also help in reducing the emission of greenhouse gases
within the surroundings. This means that the travellers or public should make use of eco-friendly

vehicles which do not pollute the environment such as bicycles, electric cars. Also, the general
public can implement the use of public transportation services, carpooling, walking, cycling in
order to reach from one place to another and not affecting the environment.
Theme 4 : Advantages of reducing emission of green house gases.
As per the opinion of Zhang, and et.al (2019), the decrease in the emission of greenhouse
gases within the environment can be helpful in improving the air quality in the surroundings and
also will be helpful in saving the lives of living beings. This is because, it has been determined
that due to excessive pollution within the air, there has been an increase in the premature deaths
among the general public all over the world. This is because, the polluting air affects the
respiratory system of an individual and can lead to several heath and respiratory diseases within
the human beings. Therefore, saving the environment by decreasing the emission of harmful
gases within the environment can be found helpful in increasing the life span of the human being
across the globe.
METHODOLOGY AND RESOURCES
Research type
The present specification is based on qualitative research that means the data collected
for the purpose of conducting the study is not in the form of numbers. The data has been
collected with the help of secondary sources of information. In the present specification, the data
has been collected from books, journals and websites which are related to the subject of the
study. Since, the present report is a secondar research, there is no use of questionnaires. Also,
there is no need of ethics approval as it is secondar research.
Search strategy
The search strategy can be referred to as a tactic used by the research scholars while
carrying out a secondary research in order to find the relevant data for the purpose of conducting
the research. Since, the secondary research is based on the knowledge, findings, conclusions of
different authors and does not include any kind of data collected from the general public, it
includes collection of data by way of using books, journals, websites and many more of such
sources . Similarly, in the present specification, the data will be collected from books, journals,
databases (Fan, and Miller, 2018), websites, newspapers, magazines in order to find the
information that is related to the title of the current specification. An effective search strategy
helps the research scholars in finding the data and information that is authentic in nature and

thus, enhances the effectiveness of the study. Similarly, in the present specification, the data will
be chosen specifically that relates exactly to the title of the specification in order to enhance the
validity and authenticity of the same.
Search terms
The search terms helps in extracting the information and data that is useful in order to
carry out research. The use of search terms helps the research scholars in making the process of
search easy and helps them in identifying the relevant information with respect to study and form
conclusions on the basis of the same (Beuttler, Charles, and Wurzbacher, 2019). Similarly, the
present specification will also use certain terms through which the process of search will become
easy for the research scholars and will help them in identifying the information that is important
in order to carry out this specification. The present specification will include certain search terms
such as carbon economy, low carbon economy, meaning of a carbon based economy, advantages
of reducing the emission of green house gases, meaning of green house gases, harmful effects of
greenhouse gases, measures and strategies for reduction in green house gases. These terms will
help in search and thus, identifying the nature of information for the purpose of carrying out the
specification. It has been determined that the better the use searching terminology, the better will
be the information that is collected for the purpose of carrying out the specification. And thus,
will be helpful in forming conclusions on the basis of the data and information that is collected.
Inclusion and Exclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria can be defined as those information and data that will be considered
while carrying out a project or conducting research. On the other hand, exclusion criteria can be
described as a criterion which will help the research scholars in determining the information and
data that is relevant and the data that is irrelevant and should not be considered while conducting
a research (Gillingham, and Stock, 2018). Similarly, while carrying out this specification, an
inclusive criteria and an exclusive criteria will be set in order to distinguish between the
information that should be considered and the information that is irrelevant with respect to the
present specification. In the current specification, all the data that is published from the year
2015 to the present date will be considered in order to carry out the present specification and the
data that is published before the year 2015 will not be considered for the same. Moreover, only
the data from copyright protected sources will be included while preparing this specification.
This will add to the authenticity of the data that will be considered for carrying out the

specification. The inclusion and exclusion criterion will be helpful in developing the authenticity
of the specification, enhancing the validity of the same and will be helpful in formulation of
conclusion based on the findings of respective field.
PROJECT PLAN AND RISK ASSESSMENT
Gantt Chart
Task Week
1
Week
2
Week
3
Week
4
Week
5
Week
6
Week
7
Week
8
Week
9
Week
10
Introduction of
topic
Setting aims and
objectives
Project
management plan
Research
methodology
Data collection
Data analysis
Conclusion and
recommendation
s
Reflection
Submission of
final report
Risk assessment
In order to ensure that the quality of the work do not get affected, the data has been
collected from copyright protected sources only. The major risks have been determined as
collection of vague and irrelevant data. This could affect the outcome, analysis, findings of the
specification. The data collection from copy right protected sources ensures the accuracy of the
research.

REFERENCES
Books and journals
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anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions. Frontiers in Climate. 1. p.10.
Deng, H.M., and et.al 2018. Co-benefits of greenhouse gas mitigation: a review and
classification by type, mitigation sector, and geography. Environmental Research
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Fan, C. and Miller, S.A., 2018. Reducing greenhouse gas emissions for prescribed concrete
compressive strength. Construction and Building Materials. 167. pp.918-928.
Field, J.L., and et.al 2020. Robust paths to net greenhouse gas mitigation and negative emissions
via advanced biofuels. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 117(36),
pp.21968-21977.
Gao, J., and et.al 2018. Public health co-benefits of greenhouse gas emissions reduction: a
systematic review. Science of the Total Environment. 627.pp.388-402.
Gillingham, K. and Stock, J.H., 2018. The cost of reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Journal of
Economic Perspectives. 32(4). pp.53-72.
Kumar, A., and et.al 2019. Effects of water deficit stress on agronomic and physiological
responses of rice and greenhouse gas emission from rice soil under elevated atmospheric
CO2. Science of the Total Environment. 650. pp.2032-2050.
Mikhaylov, A., and et.al 2020. Global climate change and greenhouse effect. Entrepreneurship
and Sustainability Issues. 7(4). p.2897.
Parker, R.W., and et.al , 2018. Fuel use and greenhouse gas emissions of world fisheries. Nature
Climate Change. 8(4). pp.333-337.
Romero, J.P. and Gramkow, C., 2021. Economic complexity and greenhouse gas
emissions. World Development.139, p.105317.
Sarkodie, S.A., and et.al 2019. Environmental sustainability assessment using dynamic
autoregressive-distributed lag simulations—nexus between greenhouse gas emissions,
biomass energy, food and economic growth. Science of the total environment, 668,
pp.318-332.
Tanzer, S.E. and Ramírez, A., 2019. When are negative emissions negative emissions?. Energy
& Environmental Science. 12(4). pp.1210-1218.
Zhang, C., and et.al 2019. Biochar for environmental management: Mitigating greenhouse gas
emissions, contaminant treatment, and potential negative impacts. Chemical
Engineering Journal. 373. pp.902-922.
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