Research On Air Pollution In Indonesia
Added on 2020-02-24
11 Pages2463 Words52 Views
Running head: ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION AND CONTROLEnvironmental Pollution and ControlName of the Student:Name of the University:Author’s Note:
1ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION AND CONTROLTable of Contents1.0 Introduction................................................................................................................................22.0 Environmental Challenges in Indonesia....................................................................................23.0 Air Pollution in Indonesia..........................................................................................................33.1 Factors Causing of Air Pollution...........................................................................................33.1.1 Deforestation...................................................................................................................33.1.2Industrialization and Transportation................................................................................43.1.3Poor Resource Management.............................................................................................43.2 Challenges due to Air Pollution.............................................................................................53.2.1 Modification of Ecosystem.............................................................................................53.2.2 Landforms.......................................................................................................................53.2.3 Atmosphere.....................................................................................................................54.0 Requirements for Overcoming Challenges................................................................................64.1Prevent Deforestation..............................................................................................................64.2 Improved Vehicle Technology and Fuel................................................................................64.3 Government Initiatives and Policies......................................................................................75.0 Conclusion.................................................................................................................................7Reference List..................................................................................................................................8
2ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION AND CONTROL1.0 IntroductionWith the progress of time, urbanization and development has resulted to be the root causefor environmental depletion. Any developing country tries to construct and develop by exploitingnature and eventually unacceptable consequences are foreseen (Alam et al. 2016). Whilefocusing on Indonesia, it can be said that the environment is much affected by air pollution andthe reasons are mostly because of human activities. Air pollution has not only impacted onhuman health, respiratory problems and lung diseases but also depleted the ozone layer byemitting excessive amount of green-house gasses (Yoo, Kim and Hadi 2014).This research willdiscuss the factors and challenges that Indonesia is facing related to air pollution and will finallyhighlight some suitable recommendations for reducing the same in future.2.0 Environmental Challenges in IndonesiaIndonesia is developing and therefore there are plenty of infrastructure developmentprojects, which are mostly emitting huge amount of carbon in the atmosphere resulting in moretoxic chemicals through oxidization. Most of the projects are developed though burning denseforests in favor of getting empty land. However, this has led Indonesia to be the 6th largestemitter of greenhouse gases. Indonesia contributes 4.5% of global greenhouse gas emissions(Papargyropoulouet al. 2015).Some of the major challenges are listed below:Burden imposed to government from fuel subsidy12% Carbon dioxide emission resulting from land transportation90% air pollution occurring due to CO, HC, NOx, SOx, PM and O3
3ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION AND CONTROLChallenges from Free Trade ASEAN Economic Community (2015), UNECA Regulationand ASEAN MRA (2012)LULUCF50%Agriculture5%IPPU3%Waste7%Energy35%Million Tons of CO2eLULUCFAgricultureIPPUWasteEnergyFigure 1: Indonesia Emission Contribution(Source:Kimet al. 2017)3.0 Air Pollution in Indonesia3.1 Factors Causing of Air Pollution3.1.1 DeforestationWith the effect of urbanization there has been accelerated population and housingdemands, which resulted in clearing dense biologically forests. Deforestation in Indonesia ismostly done through open fire that resulted in emitting carbon. 80% of deforestation is doneillegally by logging industries, which has ranked Indonesia to be the 3rd largest greenhouse gasemitter (Brunet al. 2015). Carbon reacts with oxygen in the atmosphere to emit carbon dioxidegases in excess to oxygen creating an imbalance of fresh air. On the other hand, carbon when
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