Main Causes of Poverty and Social Exclusion in 21st Century

Running head: MAIN CAUSES OF POVERTY AND SOCIAL EXCLUSION IN 21st
CENTURY
MAIN CAUSES OF POVERTY AND SOCIAL EXCLUSION IN 21st CENTURY
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MAIN CAUSES OF POVERTY AND SOCIAL EXCLUSION IN 21st CENTURY
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Introduction
The state of being deprived or lack of belongings or resources for acquiring various
conditions in life such as services, diets, amenities, and standards is known as Poverty.
Poverty can be of two forms, absolute and relative. Absolute poverty reflects the deprivation
from the basic necessity of life and relative poverty determines the deprivation from standard
materials and rights such as household amenities, clothing, standard diet and productive
environment (Smyth, Wrigley and Mclnerney 2018). There can be two forms of deprivation,
material deprivation and social deprivation, where material deprivation reflects the lack of
home amenities, dietary, clothing and housing and on the other hand, social deprivation
reflects the lack of employment and rights, recreation and education. Social deprivation
stimulates the conception of social exclusion, which indicates the exclusion from a prevalent
social system with the lack of privileges, rights and can be the outcome of minority groups or
poverty. The purpose of this paper is to understand the main causes leading to the outcome of
poverty and social exclusion, especially in the 21st century. The paper will extensively
include the factors responsible for the condition and the evidence involved.
Body
Poverty determines the condition lacking essential and financial resources amongst
the communities for sustaining the basic standard of living. The poverty-stricken individuals
can be deprived of housing, medical attention and amenities, clean water and health food
(Lewis 2017). The practice of the path of investigating poverty can be very difficult as
poverty determines a state without the existence of specific causes. Although the state lacks
specific causes there can be a number of factors that restrict the improvement of the current
situations of poverty, which can be considered as leading causes. The cycle of state of
poverty can be very challenging to break. The consequences of poverty can affect the
associated members and community from the individual or family as it can lead to concerns

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of mental health, alcoholism, poor living conditions and the risk of health issues (Mood and
Jonsson 2016). Poverty can be considered as the main causes of inequality, increased crime
rates, and social exclusion.
Poverty involves a high range of risk factors, which can influence the growth and
development of the community in various ways. Few primary factors of risks involve social
challenges; chronic and acute stress busters, safety and health concerns and cognitive lags.
The causes or influencers of the state of poverty can vary for different communities and
countries. The United Kingdom has been investigating effective ways of measuring and
understanding the rate of poverty in the nation. The investigation found a number of data and
figures during the period 2017-2018. The data reflected that around 14.3 million individuals
are considered under poverty in the country, approximately 22 percent of people fall under
the poverty line and around 34 percent are children (Mansour and Curran 2016). According
to the data of 2016-2017, around 49 percent of people amongst the people under poverty is
experienced to be at the persistent poverty level. Measuring poverty effectively leads to a
stand closer to understanding and responding to the condition.
The causes of poverty can be categorized as the factors that contribute to the elevation
of the rate. The influencing factors of poverty serve as the causal agents of poverty. The
slower growth rate is one of the causes of poverty (Brady 2019). Unmanageable and
insufficient investment in the development of the world by the authorities and businesses is
another cause for the prevailing poverty rate. These factors have been a major contributor to
the rising rate of poverty. According to the investigation conducted by researchers, if the
practices and activities of the businesses and national authorities are not transformed, the
world will be facing the extreme condition of poverty even by the year 2030. Equality
inaccessibility is another factor or cause, which can contribute to rising poverty. The lack of
accessibility to safe water, healthcare, educational amenities, and fuel energy limits the

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opportunity of improving the state of living and restricts the boundaries of growing (Aitken,
Gilroy and Willis 2020).
From a multi-dimensional view, factors like basic health care amenities, security, and
educational programs demonstrate the state of poverty extensively. Significant causes of
poverty involve the elevating concerns regarding climate change, economic state, and issues
regarding food insecurity. Another unrecognized factor of poverty as indicated by the
government of the United Kingdom is a disability. Disability is considered to be the most
considerable predictors in measuring poverty as in the United Kingdom; near half of the
people under the poverty line have at least one person, who is disabled (Kojima 2017).
Social exclusion
Social exclusion can be defined as the state of being discriminated by the societal
practices of partially or fully excluding a group of people of community members for
participating in social, political and economic life in the community on the basis of being
associated with a specific class, group or category. There are in totality, three indicators or
features within social exclusion such as involving culturally defined societal categories,
values, norms and cultural perceptions along with the social interaction (Littlewood and
Herkommer 2017). Another feature is that social exclusion can be witnessed within social
relations. Social exclusion directly influences the entitlements and rights by being denied the
opportunities, which are needed for accomplishing and maintaining a universally approvable
standard of sustaining life.
Social exclusion and poverty
Poverty and social exclusion are known to have an undeniable influence over each
other, as social exclusion impacts poverty state of an individual or group by the experience of
being detached from the growth and development opportunities. Similarly, the degree of
poverty can also influence the enactment of social exclusion (Bernard et al. 2019). The lack