Malaria and Diabetes in Nigeria

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MALARIA AND DIABETES IN NIGERIA
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Malaria and Diabetes in Nigeria
Nigeria is one of the highest populated countries in Africa with a population of above 170
million people. It is a country with more than 380 languages, diverse ethnic groups, religious and
cultural practices and beliefs (Worldpopulationreview.com, 2018). Health issues are a major
concern with malaria being the most prevalent disease in Nigeria. Malaria is an endemic disease
that contributes to mortality and morbidity (Who.int, 2018). About one-third of the malaria
deaths in the world takes place in Nigeria. Despite malaria, diabetes is also a growing major
concern in Nigeria with the highest incidences in sub-Saharan Africa (Danquah, Bedu-Addo and
Mockenhaupt, 2010). One a research carried out in 2008, WHO estimated that about 1.7 million
Nigerians were living diabetes and in 2014 about 4 million were living with diabetes. According
to WHO (2016) diabetes has caused 12,670 and 15,160 deaths in male and females respectively
while malaria has caused 192,284 deaths. Those who are impacted by these health problems are
the lower middle group people between the ages of 30-69 years. In children below five years,
malaria leads as the cause of mortality and morbidity.
Historical Account of Key Events of Health and Evolution
Events of the past have affected Nigeria’s system of public health that is currently used.
Traditional medicine was the system of delivery for healthcare during the pre-western and pre-
western period. Modern medical services were recorded in Nigeria at a time of European
expeditions in the early to mid-19th century. In 1854 expedition, Dr. Baikie introduced the
quinine use, which helped to lower the morbidity and mortality in expeditions. The emergence of
organized services of health care began after the Roman Catholic Mission built the first hospital
in 1885. By 1960, the mission healing centers were more than government claimed doctor's
facilities. Between 1914-1918 when the First World War was ending, several military activities

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emerged with the establishment of numerous military facilities of health care some of them were
left to work as nonmilitary personnel healing centers after the war. With time, a few government-
claimed medicinal services offices were set up, running from country wellbeing focuses to
general healing centers. In 1954, the control of medicinal administrations was exchanged to the
Regional governments, similar to the control of different administrations. In spite of the fact that
the government was in charge of the greater part of the wellbeing-spending plan of the States, the
state governments were allowed to dispense the social insurance spending plan as they
considered suitable which is used at the present time in Nigeria (O., I., and C., 2016).
Constitution of its Systems of Health
The current structure of the health system of Nigeria is based on the universal health
coverage, which aims at scaling up the coverage of health insurance. By the year 2013, the
coverage of universal health was 13% while by 2015 the coverage was 30% (Adeloye et al.,
2017). The Federal Government is to a great extent in charge of giving approach direction,
arranging and specialized help, and organizing state-level usage of the health policy nationally
and building up wellbeing administration data frameworks. Furthermore, the Federal government
is in charge of infection observation; tranquilize control, immunization administration and
preparing wellbeing experts. The Federal Government is additionally in charge of the
supervision of training, mental and orthopedic healing amenities and controls some restorative
focuses.
The Ministries of Health and the local governments distribute the duty regarding
administration of wellbeing offices and projects. The states work the auxiliary wellbeing offices
(general doctor's facilities) and now and again tertiary doctor's facilities, and some essential