Exploring Malnutrition: A Food Science Perspective
Added on 2019-12-03
38 Pages13049 Words275 Views
FinanceData Science and Big DataHigher EducationDisease and DisordersNutrition and WellnessHealthcare and ResearchEnvironmental SciencePolitical Science
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ACKNOWLEDGMENT
ABSTRACT
TABLEOF CONTENTSCHAPTER 1 – INTRODUCTION.......................................................................................................................11.1 Overview...........................................................................................................................................11.2 Structure of the report........................................................................................................................31.3 Focus and Purpose.............................................................................................................................41.4 Research Question.............................................................................................................................51.5 Framework and analysis....................................................................................................................51.6 Potential Significance........................................................................................................................7CHAPTER – 2 LITERATURE REVIEW.............................................................................................................82.1 Introduction.......................................................................................................................................82.2 Some facts about India.......................................................................................................................82.3 Determinants of Malnutrition............................................................................................................92.4 Impact of Malnutrition.....................................................................................................................102.5 Difference between malnutrition and under-nutrition......................................................................112.6 Immune System...............................................................................................................................122.7 Relationship between malnutrition and infection.............................................................................132.8 Signs and Symptoms of malnutrition...............................................................................................142.9 Causes of malnutrition.....................................................................................................................152.10 Diagnosis of Malnutrition..............................................................................................................172.11 Malnutrition Treatment..................................................................................................................172.12 Prevention of Malnutrition.............................................................................................................17CHAPTER – 3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY..................................................................................................213.1 Introduction.....................................................................................................................................213.2 Research Aim and Objectives..........................................................................................................213.3 Research Approach and Philosophy.................................................................................................223.4 Research Type.................................................................................................................................233.5 Research Methods............................................................................................................................243.6 Data Collection Methods.................................................................................................................25CHAPTER – 4 DATA ANALYSISAND FINDINGS...........................................................................................26CHAPTER – 4 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS..............................................................................27CHAPTER – 5 REFLECTIVE STATEMENTS....................................................................................................28REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................................29
LISTOF FIGURES
CHAPTER 1 – INTRODUCTIONThe gravest single warning to worldwide public health is Malnutrition1.1 OverviewChildren are in a regular stage of development. Their corpse is in a period of continuousrepair and growth. These developing children need regular supplementation of calories, micro-nutrients and protein for the reason to maintain the velocity of enhanced demands of the body.Since, childhood is the most susceptible stage in the human life, so nutritional shortfalls will leadto obstructing the development of the body. If such nutritional shortage is continued for a longduration, it affects on the growth faltering apparent in the type of small height, low weight andlow IQ. The country’s future is determined by the rising generation of the nation. It is the healthposition of the nation’s children, which signifies the health status of individuals of thatcountryside (Burke, 2012). As this increasing generation is going to be the productive citizens of upcoming period,they must be healthy enough so that they can have maximum utilization of their productive age.Scientific evidence has given that beyond the age of 2-3 years, the chronic malnutrition effectsare irreversible. The single largest contributor to mortality of below five is child malnutrition,which is mainly due to slow recovery from illness and higher susceptibility of infections.Misconception prevailing in the recent period is the unavailability of an adequate amount offood. In between 6 to 18 months, a young child needs only 200-300 kcal food, in order tomaintain the normal development and growth, but due to the inadequate knowledge orunderstanding of parents about feeding practices, they don’t supply enough food to their childrenleading to uncertain growth and as a result illness or death of a child (Chopra, 2013). By no means, India is a poorest nation on the globe, as it doesn’t have the lowestexpectancy of life and literacy rate as well as it has highest AIDS/HIV rate. It is estimated by theWorld Bank that India is ranked second in the world in regards to the number of childrensuffering from the problem of malnutrition. India is one of the largest in the globe whereunderweight children are quite common. It is nearly double that of Sub-Saharan Africa withterrible consequences for mortality, mobility, economic growth and productivity. The UNmeasures that 2.1 million of Indian children die before attaining the age of 5 years, mostly due topreventable illnesses, such as typhoid, diarrhea, measles, pneumonia and malaria. Recent1
estimates propose that malnutrition is allied with about 50 percent of all deaths within children(Denyer, 2013). The malnutrition prevalence in India varied across states, with Madhya Pradesh recordingthe highest rate (55%) and Kerala is amongst the lowest (27%). In children malnutrition is notexaggerated by food eating alone, it is also inclined by quality of care for the child, access tohealth services and good hygiene practices and pregnant mother (Malnutrition, 2011). Girls areat more risk of malnutrition than boys, due to their low level of social status. Malnutrition in theearly period of childhood has serious, long term outcomes as it impedes sensory, motor,emotional, social and cognitive development. Malnourished children are less expected to achievewell in their school and more possible to grow into malnourished adults, at higher risk of diseaseas well as early death. Around one third portion of all adult women in India is underweight.Inadequate care of girls and women, particularly at the time of pregnancy, results in babies’ low-birth weight. Almost 30 percent of every newborn has a low birth weight, which make themvulnerable to further disease and malnutrition (Muoneke and et.al., 2011). Mineral and vitamin deficiencies also influence the development and survival of children.According to DeMaeyer and Adiels – Tegman (1985), the prevalence of Anemia in children isvery high, particularly in the case of developing countries and commonly it is multifactorial.Anemia affects 74 percent of children below the age of three, 50 percent of women and above 90percent of adolescent girls. Deficiency of iodine that reduces capacity of learning by up to 13percent is general, as less than half of all households use iodized salt. Vitamin A deficiency thatincreases morbidity and mortality as well as causes blindness among pre-schoolers, also remainsa health issue of public (Nordqvist, 2010). In the subsequent chapter of this report, the researcher is doing an in depth analysis ofmalnutrition. In this regard the research will be conducted on topics related to the relationshipbetween malnutrition and child mortality from acute respiratory illness, diarrhea, measles andmalaria conditions, which account for over 50 percent of deaths in children globally. Moreover,the factors that lead to malnutrition in Indian people will also be examined in the body of thereport (Basavanthappa, 2008). In addition to this, the reader would be able to know aboutsymptoms, tests, treatment, complications and ways of prevention for such type of health issue.Further, many people are found confused with the terms of hunger and malnutrition as well asbelieve that both have equal meanings and consequences. In reality malnutrition and hunger is2
not the same thing; however, they often go simultaneously. At times everyone feels hungry andis the signal for the body that it requires food. Once individual eat enough food to satisfy his/herneeds, hunger goes away until the stomach is unfilled again (Brothers, 2005). People who arechronically malnourished does not have the nutrients being required for proper development ofhealth. Someone can be malnourished for very short or long period of time and the situationsmay be severe or mild. People who are malnourished are more likely to have poor healthexpected and in severe cases, they may even die. On the basis of the UN World Food Program,925 million of people in the whole world do not have a sufficient quantity of food to eat.Malnutrition and chronic hunger can cause major health issues. People who feel hungryrepeatedly are expected to be underweight, considering a lot less than an average person of theirsize. If malnourished as a child, their development might also be stunted, making them muchshorter than average. In developing nations, 1 out of 4 children younger than age of 5 aremalnourished (Klerk, 2009). 1.2 Structure of the report The present research report will progress in a sequential manner because every chapterwill be interlinked, i.e. the subsequent chapter would proceed only after the completion of itspreceding section. The report structure is as follows:Chapter 1: Introduction – This part of the dissertation is inculcating an overview of the subjectmatter, which will be analyzed in the research. Moreover, it also includes a brief synopsis offocus and purpose, significance along with the framework and analysis of the study. Chapter 2: Literature Review – This section of research will evaluate the work that is alreadydone by several other authors on a particular topic. The initial explanation of the literature reviewwill speak about malnutrition and it’s causing factors. Further, it will guide the reader about thetest, symptoms and prevention of this disease. Varied academic books, journals, articles andonline materials will be reviewed by the researcher to complete this part. The chapter holdsconsiderable worth as it will support in comprehending the viewpoint of other authors and indetermining a gap of their works. Chapter 3: Research Methodology – This will present distinct methodologies that the researcherwill employ for gathering relevant information and analyzing it. The discussion will involve aims3
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