IT Networking and Communication: IPv4 Addressing, Subnetting, and Protocols

Running Head: NETWORKING
0
Networking
IT NETWORKING AND
COMMUNICATION
(Student Details: )
9/21/2019

Management
1
IT NETWORKING AND COMMUNICATION
Answer 1
In IPv4, there are two types of addressing include classless and classful. In the context
of classful addressing, usually an IP address allocation methodology is used. This addressing
typically allocates IP addressed as per the pre-defined five major classes. It has been found
that classful addressing is less useful as well as less practical as compared to that of classless
addressing (Liu & Chen, 2009). On the other hand, in classless addressing an IP address used
for the allocation. Such allocation is usually designed for replacing classful addressing in
order to minimize the early exhaustion of different IP addresses. It has been observed that
classless addressing is much more useful and practical as compared to that of classful
addressing (Beard, Stallings, & Tahiliani, 2016).
Furthermore, in classful addressing of IPv4, both the host ID and network ID can be
changed on the basis of the classes. Contrary, within classless addressing, no boundary on
changes into host ID and network ID is found which is exactly opposite from classful
addressing (Gilchrist, 2019).
Answer 2
In this context, a block into class A typically owns an address that is too large for
every organization. It means that most of the addresses present in class A are wasted and
hence not used. In addition, a block within class C is possibly also small for almost any
organization. Additionally, class A subnet is having 24 bits worth of addressing that is
adequate for 17 million individual devices. In this way, most of the entities own a small
fraction of such number of devices, therefore such addresses are not utilised by the
companies (Stallings, Brown, Bauer, & Bhattacharjee, 2012).
Answer 3
A mask in IPv4 addressing is also known as a subnet mask which usually masks the
network portion of a system’s IP address. The subnet mask leaves the host part like the
machine identifier. It has been found that mask in IPv4 uses a similar format like an IPv4

Management
2
address. For instance, the 4 different sections of 1-3 numbers are separated by dots (Dillon,
Wu, & Chang, 2010).
In this context, a mask in IPv4 contains two parts from which one part recognizes the
network and on the other hand, the second part classifies the particular host or machine in the
network. In other words, it can be said that subnet masks (IPv4) generally used to identify the
wide range of IP addresses that make up a subnet, on a single network (Bi, Zeng, & Zhang,
2016).
Answer 4
The network address in a block of addresses is an identifier for a host or node all over
a telecommunications network. In this context, the network address is designed to be unique
as it identifies all across the network. However few networks enable for local,
private addresses or locally administered addresses that might not be unique (Beard,
Stallings, & Tahiliani, 2016). Moreover, we can find the network addresses whenever one of
the addresses in the block is known as follows:
With the help of a subnet mask the whole network address can be found when one
block of addresses are known. It is also explained with an example mentioned in above
diagram (Bi, Zeng, & Zhang, 2016).

Management
3
Answer 5
In order to define subnetting, it can be seen as the practice of separating a network
into 2 or more than 2 smaller networks. It has been found that subnetting hikes routing
efficiency. In addition to that, it also enhances the network security and thereby decreases the
whole size of broadcast domain (Tiwana & Konsynski, 2010). In general, the IP addresses are
segmented into classes include A, B, and C. In this context, default masks for these classes
are:
Subsequently, an individual may use the network from their classes A, B or C
networks as per their requirements. Here, when alteration is done by with the help of
subnetting then it is known as subnet mask. Moreover, subnetting enables one to create
multiple logical networks that already exist into a single class B, A or C network. Subnet
masks are created by subnetting process which can be illustrated like dividing house with
building walls into rooms of distinct sizes on the basis of the requirements (Stallings, Brown,
Bauer, & Bhattacharjee, 2012).
Answer 6
In general, NAT is used whenever the number of IP addresses is restricted. In other
words, whenever the host system is linked to the network with the help of a non-Ethernet
adapter then NAT is utilised (Liu & Chen, 2009). With the help of NAT, a virtual machine
can make use of several standard TCP/IP protocols for connecting to the other machines
across the exterior network. In the context of address depletion, NAT acts as a provisional
solution in order to circumvent the problem and thereby support IPv4 address
reusability. Moreover, whenever a host having a private IP address desires to communicate
with a server exterior their private network, then NAT uses the public IP address for address
depletion (De Toni, 2016).