Analysis of Operations Management

This assignment involves analyzing and comparing various operations management techniques and strategies across different industries. It covers topics such as pipeline integrity management, demand-side management in smart grids, and historical reviews of operations management practices in China. The analysis also touches on multi-objective operation management of microgrids, scenario-based stochastic operation management, and trickle irrigation for crop production. Additionally, it explores cooperative management of local fisheries, operation of utility-connected microgrids, and public transport planning, management, and operation. The assignment requires a comprehensive review of various operations management techniques and strategies, making it an ideal topic for students interested in operations research.

Management and operation

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
P1. Comparing between leader and manager’s roles and characteristics....................................1
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................3
P2. Way in which role of leader and function of manager is applied in different situational
contexts.......................................................................................................................................3
P3 Different theories and approach of leadership.......................................................................5
TASK 3 ...........................................................................................................................................7
P4 Key approaches to operation management and role of leader and manager..........................7
P5 Importance and value of operations management in achieving business objectives.............9
TASK 4..........................................................................................................................................11
P6 Factors that affects operation management and decision making of leader and manager...11
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................12
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................14

INTRODUCTION
Managerial and operational capabilities are most important factor for its future success.
An organisation has to develop knowledge, skills and abilities of its employees for improving
their operational capabilities. It helps in designing products or services in an effective and
efficient manner which aids in satisfying the needs or wants of consumers. It involves planning,
organizing and supervising processes to make necessary improvements so that company can
generate higher profitability (White, 2016). This department has the main motive to utilize all
resources in an effective manner so that company can attain its desired results. In today’s
competitive environment, this management is very important because it increases the efficiency
of company that every firm wants to achieve. If this section will not be present at workplace then
organisation will not be able to carry out its operations smoothly. This project is based on
Hyundai motor company which deals in auto mobile sector. It is the world’s largest integrated
auto-mobile manufacturing facility. This assignment will explain about the different roles and
characteristics of a leader and a manager along with style of leadership which affects the
activities of workers in various ways. Along with this, various approaches or theories of leaders
as well as their impact on decision making process are detailed here.
TASK 1
P1. Comparing between leader and manager’s roles and characteristics
Manager is an important person in an organisation as he manages all things in a right
manner as well as allocates required resources to every department so that they can carry out
their operations without any hurdles and will contribute in the success of company. He has the
main responsibility to ensure that every section have proper amount of resources so that they can
carry out their functions (Ming and et. al., 2013).
Leader is also an important part of a firm as he influences and motivates other people so
that they will perform according to the specified standards and help company in achieving
desired results.
Manager and leader of Hyundai; both are different from each other in the following way
that are given as below-
Leader Manager
Leader has influencing power by which they Manager directs or controls people so that
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encourage employees for giving their best
efforts so that company can attain its desired
results.
there can be maintained proper coordination
among staff and they will perform according to
specified standards.
Leaders create a vision that means they set
objective and ask people to give their best
efforts to achieve this specified target.
Managers evaluate the current situation and
take corrective actions for controlling negative
condition so that company can reach at the
decided destination.
Leaders always try to adopt innovative things. They only do that things which are pre decided
by company.
They are risk takers who take risk by adopting
new things without knowing their result.
Manager takes corrective action for controlling
the risk so that Hyundai can attain its specified
target within specified period of time.
Leaders have followers who follow him. Managers have subordinates who obey the
order of him.
Leaders work in the organisation for its
development.
Manager has optimistic nature that aim to build
or increase the morale of employees.
Leaders maintain better relationship with
people so that they will get motivated and
perform accordingly.
Managers builds system and process by which
firm attain its desired result.
Leader does right things (Chen and et.al.,
2011).
While manager does things in a right way for
managing all activities in a proper manner.
If employees are not performing according to
the standards then in this case, leader will be
liable.
However, in case of any issue, manager blames
the team members.
They influence or motivate employees for
following him and doing their work effectively
and efficiently.
Manager directs people so that they will
contribute in the achievement of organisation's
goals.
While taking decision, leaders analyse the However, managers consider internal
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external factors only. environment of company.
They work as a team builder because they
provide all relevant information to the workers
for ensuring or building effective teams.
They play a role of monitor because they guide
to the people so that they can perform
according to the standards.
They are good communicator who collect and
provide information to every stakeholder so
that they can perform accordingly.
They have ability to manage all things in a
right manner.
Characteristics of leader- Flexible- It is one of the most important traits that should be possessed by every leader
because today environment is changing rapidly. So, leader should be flexible so that he
can adopt changes easily and effectively (Nakayama and Bucks, 2012).
 Courage and patience- A leader should have courage so that he can face any critical
situation easily and also have patience for executing day to day activities of business.
Characteristic of manager-
 Resource allocator- Manager has the main responsibility to allocate resources to every
department according to requirements so that they can carry out their functions without
any disturbance. For increasing efficiency of company, manager of Hyundai can use an
open door poly which encourage to the employees to give their feedback regarding their
job so that manager can remove that drawbacks.
TASK 2
P2. Way in which role of leader and function of manager is applied in different situational
contexts
Manager and leader both play an important role in organisation whether it is favourable
or unfavourable situation for Hyundai motors. In enterprise, there are various conditions which
have to be faced by the leader and manager and also, they have to guide to people so that firm
can reach its decided destinations (Burke, 2013). For example- if there occurs a situation in
which team members have to work with new person or on new project then in this case, they
have to perform various roles for facing critical situations which are given as below-
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 Mentor- If team members are working on the new project or with different persons then
in this situation, leader or managers will have responsibility to guide them so that they
can perform in an effective and efficient manner and will generate the desired results.
 Supervisor- In Hyundai motor company, they also have to play a role of supervisor. They
delegate authority to their employees according to their capabilities so that they can carry
out operation effectively. After delegation of responsibilities, leader monitor or evaluate
the performance of them and ensure that they are performing as per specified standards or
not and then takes action accordingly (Moghaddam and et. al., 2011). Decision maker- In an organisation, there are various situation in which they have to take
decision for the welfare of company. So for getting best result, they should be quick
decision maker so that they can take advantage of opportunity and can contribute in
achieving vision and mission statement. Visionary- In an organisation, there are large number of employees who have own
objectives that they want to achieve in future. So in this case, leader or manager has
responsibility to integrate organisation goals with individual target. And should also ask
to people to follow that vision. Leader or manager should know about the right way by
which company can get success. Creating healthy environment- It is the prime responsibility of manager to make better
surroundings at workplace so that employees can perform effectively and efficiently. If
there will be healthy situation then staff will be motivated and will perform according to
the specified standards. Fulfil the needs of training and development- Manager or leader also evaluates the need
of training of their employees so that it can be provided to them on time. This event will
increase their knowledge and skills by which they will be able to perform their job
according to the standards and will generate positive result.
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 Proper compensation management- It is very helpful in motivating the employees
because if they will get fair salary on time then they will be highly motivated and will
perform better (.Hatziargyriou, 2014). Employee engagement- Increased employee engagement helps the manager in
understanding issues that are faced by employees. It reduces grievances and initiate a
proper organisational development.
 Performance management: Manager or leader has main responsibility to evaluate the
performance of workers on a regular basis so that they can complete their job effectively
and efficiently (Bouvy and et. al., 2012).
So from the above discussion, it can be concluded that manager and leader both have to
perform different role in various situations that are occurring in Hyundai company. There are
various approaches which can be used by a leader that are given below-
 Transformational leadership style- According to this concept, a leader has main motive
to develop his followers and their skills and knowledge so that their productivity can be
expanded.
 Facilitative leadership- This leadership style facilitates leader in enhancing the quality of
work supporting facilities which has an impact on the environment of the organisation.
P3 Different theories and approach of leadership
There are various types of theories and approaches of leadership which can be used by a
leader of Hyundai company for getting best result that are given below- Situational leadership- In an organisation, there occurs various types of situation which
may have positive or negative impact so for handling this condition, there is requirement
of different leadership style so that it can be controlled effectively and efficiently.
According to this concept, leader should change their style as per requirement of
company so that firm can get expected result. Its primary factor tells that how to adopt
style in different situation as well as ask to leader to adopt directive or supportive
leadership form. This model is very beneficial for a company because today environment
is changing continuously so in this case leader should have ability to change or modify
the process of doing work (Handschin and Petroianu, 2012).
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 Contingency theory- It is an organisational theory which explains that there is no best
way of organising activities effectively because today business environment is changing
rapidly so in this situation, one style can not be adopted. This theory is similar to
situational concept but it has minor difference that is in situation model, leader adopts
style according to the situation while contingent theory depend on the degree of fit
between leadership style or quality that is required in that situation. System leadership- This concept is based on general system theory which has main
motive to create good working environment in the company so that all employees will be
motivated and will produce decided goals and objectives. As per this concept, all workers
should work according to the system. In other terms, it can be said that this model follows
system for creating healthy environment in the company. Behavioural theory- This theory concentrates on the behaviour of leader how they are
behaving with their subordinates. This belief is just opposite of great man concept which
said that leaders are made not born. Trait theory- This model focuses on the qualities of leader that should be possessed by
people for becoming a successful leader. These characteristics can be in born in a person
or can be taught to him by the use of seminars or presentations (Botton, Cavalletto and
Marmeggi, 2013). Great man theory of leadership- This theory was developed in 19th century and assumes
that traits of leadership are internal. It simply says that leaders are born and not made.
According to this theory there are some basic traits which should be there in every person
for becoming a great leader and these traits are buy born or internal and can not be taught
to a person. Social cognitive approach- A leader in Hyundai will also has to analyse various social
and environmental factors which will have impact on the organisation.
 Theory X and Y- According to this concept, in an organisation, there are two types of
employees that are X and Y. Worker X are those who can be motivated by incentives and
punishments while Y staff are motivated when they got more authority and responsibility.
From above discussion, it can be concluded that leader should adopt leadership style
according to the situation so that it can drive the company towards the way of success.
Situational leadership is very beneficial for an organization because it can be applied across a
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variety of things. It is helpful in knowing that how leadership is effective and how it can achieve
the effectiveness in the organisation. So it is recommended that leader should adopt their style
according the situation of company as well as of market (Mohammadi, Soleymani and Mozafari,
2014).
TASK 3
P4 Key approaches to operation management and role of leader and manager
Operation management plays an important role while designing products or services. It
ensures that there is effective utilization of resources or inputs or not and makes merchandise
according to the requirements of customers so that it can attract the large number of customers
(Pinkerton, 2011). There are various types of approaches which can be used by operation
management that are given below-
 Six sigma approach- Hyundai company uses this technique for improving the quality of
its products or services as well as for meeting the requirements of customers. It is a
statistical technique by which defects can be removed from manufacturing process and
also minimizes variability fro business functions. It can also be known as quality
improvement approach that are used by mostly companies. This concept also tells about a
way by which work can be completed in an effective and efficient manner. It is very
helpful in reducing process cycle, cost, time as well as aids in satisfying consumers needs
or wants.
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 Lean production- This approach can also be used by Hyundai motor company because
with the help of this, wastage can be reduced which creates from manufacturing process.
This concept is used in every aspect from designing to distribution. It ensures better
quality of products or services as well as aids in minimizing those activities which do not
create any value in the products. In simple terms, it can be said that lean manufacturing is
a systematic method which eliminates wastage from manufacturing process (Lind, 2013).
 Cause and effect approach- With the help of this concept, company can easily know
about the reason of deficiency as well as about its effect on the process. It is also very
helpful in removing deficiency from manufacturing procured by which company is able
to carry out its operation easily and effectively. It can also be known as fish backbone
diagram.
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Source 1: Six Sigma Yellow, Green, and Black Belt Training, 2014

Above mentioned approaches are used by manager and leader who plays an important
role in making effective and efficient operation. They have main responsibility to evaluate the
progress of procedure so that if there will have any mistake that can be removed timely so that
organisation can carry out its operation without any hurdles (Moghaddam, Seifi and Niknam,
2012). Apart form this, they also have to perform various role in operation and management
which are given below-
 They have to ensure that everyone is performing their job according to the standards or
not.
 They motivate or encourage people for working effectively and efficiently so that firm
can reach to its decided destination.
 They manage the required resources in proper manner so that operation can be carried out
without any interruption.
 Both have to set budget so that cost can be controlled and organisation can be kept on
right track.
 They also set vision and mission statement for various department so that everyone can
follow it and can work accordingly.
 If at workplace, there occurs any problem then it is the responsibility of manager and
leader to sort out it otherwise no one will work effectively.
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Source 2: What is a Cause and Effect (Fishbone) Diagram?, 2017

 They also monitor the progress of function and ensures that everyone is following rules
and regulations and are giving their best for attaining success in the market.
 They also manage all activities that provides support in completing a task on time.
P5 Importance and value of operations management in achieving business objectives
Operation management is very important for an organisation because it aids in getting
success and growth in future. This management is very vital for that firm which carries out
manufacturing process because it assists in converting input [raw material, labour etc.] into
output [products or services] in an effective and efficient manner by which enterprise is able to
achieve its pre decided goals and objectives (López And et. al., 2015). Hyundai also has
operation management by which it is able to maintain high quality of products or services and to
get success in the market. Apart from above, there are also other importance of this management
which are given below- Enhances organisation productivity- With the help of operation management,
productivity of company can be increased because it ensures the effective utilization of
resources by which company is able to achieve its desired goals and objectives. It also
motivates to the workers for doing work effectively by which productivity of staff can be
increased. Improving customer satisfaction- It also concerned with customer satisfaction because it
aids in designing products or services according to the requirement of target market so
that their needs or wants can be satisfied. It also assists in managing changes according to
the need of market which improves customer satisfaction. Managing multiple portfolio- It is that thing which makes operation management unique
by which it is able to mange portfolio easily and effectively. Increment in efficiency and effectiveness of organisation- Operation management uses
various approaches and techniques by which overall efficiency and effectiveness of the
company increases. By using these tools, firm reduces wastage which occur from
manufacturing process. It brings long term perspective- This management collects various information from
many sources which aids in making planning or strategy which aids in attaining desired
result or outcome.
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 Resource allocation- Operation management has main responsibility to allocate
resources to every department in proper amount so that they can carry out their activities
effectively and efficiently. Managing activities- This section manages resources and process as well as follows legal
regulations which are mandatory to follow by every enterprise while designing products
or services. Minimizing cost- It is very helpful in minimizing cost and risk that are related to
production process.
 Maintain relationship- It also maintains better relationship with suppliers and customers
so that they will supply raw material on time and with good quality so that products or
services can be designed according to the requirement of consumers. If company will
provide better quality of merchandise to users then they will not easily switch to other
brand and will remain in the company for long period of time (Ruiz-Alvarez and et. al.,
2012).
From the above discussion, it is concluded that operation management is very important
for an organisation because it provides various types of benefits to the company. It aids the
company in attaining competitive advantages over its rivals. Without having this department, no
company can get success in the market because it is that part which identifies needs or wants of
consumers as well as aids in providing satisfaction to them. As everyone knows that customer
satisfaction is very important for the survival of company because if firm will not have
consumers then it has to close down its business. So it is recommended that leader and manager
both should consider all important factors while taking decision because if it will be done by it
then company's capability will be increased by which it will be able to attain competitive
advantages over its rivals.
TASK 4
P6 Factors that affects operation management and decision making of leader and manager
In Hyundai motor company, there are various factors which affects the productivity of
company as well as decisions that are taken by leaders and managers which are given below- Employees- They are one of the most important element in an organisation because
without having them , no company can not achieve its desired result or outcome. They
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are also most influential factor which creates disturbance in carrying out business
operation. For example- if workers will not follow rules and regulations of the company
and will not behave well then it will affect environment of company which will create
negative perception in the mind of outside person. Its result will that firm will not be able
to get success in the market. So enterprise should hire that person which will be bale to
perform their job effectively and efficiently (Expósito And et.al., 2016). Organisational policies- It is another element which affect the business environment. If
organisational policies will not be strict then employees will perform as per their own
wish and will not work according to the specified standards. If staff will do this then
organisation will not be able to reach to its decided destination. It also affects the decision
of leader because they have to take decision according to the policies of the company so
that it can achieve the result. Organizational hierarchy- In Hyundai company, there are various level of hierarchy that
has to followed by company. It influences the decision of leader as well as business
environment because if firm will follow tall structure then there will be no proper
communication then employees will get demotivation and then will not perform
effectively and efficiently. So it is recommended that company should follow structure
according to the requirement (López And et. al., 2015). Organisational issues- In a company, there arises various types of issues which creates
obstacles in carrying out business activities like conflicts between employer and
employees, strikes, lockouts etc. which affects the decision of leaders and managers. For
example- Suppose if manager has made strategy regarding the performance of
employees. But after sometime, workers announce strike the it will influence the decision
because now he has to make strategy according to the current situation so that negative
condition can be controlled (Ruiz-Alvarez and et. al., 2012). Organisation culture- It is also one of the most influential factor which influence the
business environment and decision of leader. If in an organisation, there will not be
healthy surroundings and culture then employees will be demotivated and will not
perform according to the standards. Then in this situation, manager has to spend their
mostly time on motivating people so that they will work effectively and efficiently and
also has to evaluate their performance on a regular basis. This activity will consume lots
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of time of manager which will not be good for the company because this time can be
invested in other activities which will provide value to the company. So it affects the
business environment and decision making of leaders and managers. Environmental factors- It includes various elements such as governmental, economical,
competitors, market situation etc. which influence business environment. So leader and
manager should consider these factors while taking any decision because it will help in
taking effective judgement.
 Stakeholders- If organisation wants to carry out business activities smoothly then it
should provide all relevant information to stakeholders so that they can do their job
accordingly (Moghaddam, Seifi and Niknam, 2012).
So from above discussion, it is concluded that manager and leader should consider all
above mentioned factors because if they will include that then company will be able to get
success in the market.
CONCLUSION
Operation and management is very vital for a company because it provides various
benefits to the firm like it maintains better coordination among activities, satisfy the needs or
wants of consumers, increases the efficiency of company etc. From the above report, it is
concluded that leader and manager both are different with each other who have different
characteristics like leader motivates to the people while manager guides to his subordinates etc.
Both person has to perform various role in an organisation like mentor, supervisor etc. This
assignment has also stated about different leadership approaches or theories which can be
adopted by leader for handling current situation like situational, contingency theory etc. He
should adopt that style which are suitable for that period of time so that company can reach to its
decided destination.
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