Management and Operation: Roles, Theories, and Styles

This document provides an overview of the roles, theories, and styles in management and operation. It covers topics such as the difference between roles and characteristics of leaders, the role of a leader and functions of a manager, management theories, leadership theories, management and leadership styles, and different approaches to operations management. The content also includes a case study on leadership styles in a production department.

MANAGEMENT
AND OPERATION

TABLE OF CONTENT
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
Difference between Roles and Characteristics of a Leaders.......................................................3
Role of a Leader and Functions of a Manager.............................................................................4
Management Theories.................................................................................................................5
Leadership Theories.....................................................................................................................6
Management and Leadership Styles............................................................................................7
Different approaches to operations management........................................................................8
Importance and value of operations management in achieving business objectives...................9
Factors impacting the environment of operations management and decision making..............11
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................13
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................14

INTRODUCTION
Every business are bound to perform many activities which increases the economic
growth and improve the size of business organisation effectively. It is very essential for business
organisation to develop effective management strategies which improves the efficiency of all the
business activities effectively. Management is the process of analysing all the internal and
external factors which help to integrate with internal strengths of organisation to achieve its
objectives. Operations are the fundamental activities which help business to achieve its
objectives in short run. Those are the routine activities which are conducted in every business to
increase the performance to reach the set goals and increase profit margins effectively.
In this report there is brief study on leadership styles of Joan Pearson which is new head
of production department in Soft Company. Company produces mobile units which satisfies the
need and demand of customers to gain higher profit margins effectively. Report provides
information on function of leaders and managers with explanation of different theories which
increases the potential company to grow in the market and compete effectively. Soft company
also learns some effective operations management strategies and models which increases the
potential of production to increase profit margins.
Difference between Roles and Characteristics of a Leaders
Manager is a person which learns all the management principles to apply it in the
organisation and reduce risks to achieve objectives. Leaders have the role to influence people in
the organisation and increase working environment effectively (Van der Merwe and et al, 2017).
Joan Pearson has to analyse the difference between both the roles and characteristics which will
help her to develop effective strategies to increase the performance of the Soft company and
increase size in the market effectively.
Leaders Manager
Leaders develop effective vision which increases
the potential of company to integrate the entire
workforce together effectively.
Managers have the responsibility to develop plan
according to available resources and increase the
efficiency to compete in the market effectively.
Leaders have the ability to adopt to change by a
determining different types of external and factors.
Manager has the duty to maintain the performance
of the organisation by implementing management
strategies effectively.

Leaders are having innovative and creative thinking
which helps to increase the efficiency of the
business organisation to achieve core competency
in the market.
Manager has the same knowledge based on the
management principles which helps to reduce risk
effectively.
Leaders make decisions for long term benefit the
organisation.
Managers formulate short term strategies and
policies to increase performance of business.
Leaders have the skill to connect emotionally with
employees and influence them to achieve their
objectives effectively.
Managers develop effective organisation structure
which increases the communication level in the
business organisation to develop culture.
Joan Pearson has served in army and has adopted military style leaders which are not
applicable in the business organisation and it is also impacting her decisions to increase the
efficiency of the production capacity of Soft Company. She also was not effective in her
management style due to lack of proper information which reduced the quality of products and
impacted company negatively.
Role of a Leader and Functions of a Manager
It is very essential for business organisation to understand the role of leaders and manager
in the organisation which increases the efficiency of operations effectively (Maeda and et al,
2017). Joan Pearson has to develop effective strategy by understanding her respective roles as
leader and manager in Soft Company to boost the productivity of mobile production effectively.
 Manager has duty to provide proper delegation of authority and assigns roles to
employees which reduce the confusion in the company. Leader has the quality to inspire
the workforce to increase their willingness to work and achieve objectives of the
organization.
 Leaders involve their personal experience and knowledge while making decisions which
can increase the potential of the organization. Managers create policies and strategies
with the help of management theories and styles to reduce the threat in the organization.
 Leaders have the role to establish communication with each employee in the organization
and understand all the issues and manager has the role to develop effective strategies to
reduce the challenges and increase communication effectively.
 Leaders provide support to employees to innovate which increases the efficiency of the
organization to achieve objectives easily and also reduce the cost. Manager provides

support to leaders to maintain all the actions which increases health working environment
of the organization effectively.
Management Theories
There are many management theories which helps the organisation to increase its
efficiency to manage all the actions effectively (Jaehyuk and Jeong, 2020). It is very essential
for Joan Pearson to develop effective understanding about all the management theories which
increases her personality to manage operations in Soft Company effectively.
Classical Management Theories
Classical management is the approach which was used in early organisation to mage all
the activities as the main focus of this theory only describes that employees has basic and
financial demand which helps to increase their satisfaction and improve performance of the
organisation. Joan Pearson has not considered understanding employees needs and demands
which has increased employee turnover in Soft company and also impact the market size
negatively.
Management by Objectives
Management by objectives helps to develop formulate effective strategies according to
objectives and improve the efficiency of the organisation effectively. Organisational structure is
also changed for short period of time in order to increase the performance of the company and
reduce the cost of operations effectively. it helps to generate shared values in the organisation
and integrate with the objectives to gain high performance workforce effectively. Joan Pearson
uses her own strategy without even considering from employees which also increases the
communication gap between head of operations and employees of Soft company.
Behavioural Theory
According to the theory it is very essential for very employees to communicate and has
social relations with each other which help to make them productive (Yu, 2019). This is also
essential for business organisation to understand the behavioural pattern of employees and
develop management strategies which increase their efficiency and support them as well. It also
increases the retention of employees to reduce cost of training and development of new
employees again. Soft company has to develop this theory which helps to provide proper
guidance to Joan Pearson to manage all the employees and also understands them to increase

production capacity of mobile units and compete in the market effectively. This also increases
the chances for the company to develop more effective workforce which has potential to
innovate and improving the quality of products and services and increasing their satisfaction
level.
Theory X Theory Y
This theory has segregated employees into tow segment X and Y which helps to identify
the potential of employees while managing them effectively (Fiaz, Su and Saqib, 2017_. This
theory also helps to follow different perception of philosophies which has different outcomes.
Theory X explains that employees will be motivated if they are provided with financial rewards
and also more appreciations to increase their performance effectively. While Theory Y helps to
explaining that it is very essential for organisation to develop collaborative working and increase
employee relations to gain higher performance of workforce effectively.
Leadership Theories
There are many factors which impact leaders to make decision which also reduce theory
efficiency in the organisation. It is very important for leaders to gain proper information about all
the leadership theories which helps them to improve efficiency of workforce to achieve
objectives. Joan Pearson is Autocratic leader which has impacted her performance in the Soft
Company and it is very essential for her to understand different theories to make better decisions
and grow company to gain higher profit margins effectively.
Trait Theory
Leaders are having specific traits which are not developed but comes by birth is
explained in this theory. Every person has different traits and characterises which helps them to
influence people in the organisation. This theory helps to facilitate those traits and skills are very
essential for leaders to develop high performance organisation. Effective traits also help to
increase decision making process of leader and provide healthy working environment. Joan
Pearson has commanding leadership style (Glatthorn, 2018). This has impacted the performance
of the company to achieve its objectives.
Contingency theory
Contingency theory starts that every person has some hidden leadership qualities and it
very essential for them to implement all the leadership styles in every situation to analyse their

suitable style which helps them to become successful. It also helps leaders to increase their
potential to achieve objective of the organisation effectively and guide employees effectively.
Situational Leadership
Situational Leadership is the theory describes that due to change in market trends it is
very essential for leaders to adapt to new leadership strategies and leadership styles to maintain
their performance in the organisation to achieve objectives effectively. Joan Pearson has to
understand that she has to adopt different leadership style according to different situations which
improves her decision making and inspire employees effectively.
Transformational Leadership
Change in the environmental factors and customer taste and preference also impact the
performance of organisation (Reed, 2019). This theory states that it is very essential for leaders
to develop effective strategies to adopt new changes from the environment and compete in the
market effectively.
System Leadership
System leadership theory describes that effective decision will only be made in the
organisation when leaders develop system. This also reduces the decision making process every
time and increases the time to develop innovative strategies and create high quality products and
services which attract more customer and improve profitability effectively.
Management and Leadership Styles
Leaders and manager has some effective approaches in the organisation which helps them to
make effective decision and survive in the competition. As Joan Pearson is new in corporate
sector she has to develop effective understanding about new styles which she can adopt to gain
higher productivity of Soft Company.
Participative Management Style
This management styles helps to support employees to participate in the decision making
process which also helps to motivate employee and make them loyal to the company effectively.
this helps company to develop knowledge of employees to improve their performance in
achieving objective of Soft Company.
Mentor Management Style

Training and development is very essential aspect for any business organisation to
increase the performance of their employees to achieve objectives. Managers have to adopt this
management styles which helps to provide proper coaching to employees and increase their
personality to make effective decisions (Jordan, Charles and Cleary, 2017). This also helps
organisation to increase organization culture as by improving skills and knowledge of
employees also improve the attitudes, values to achieve objectives. This increases the shared
values for the company to gain higher quality of products and improve profit margins effectively.
Democratic Leadership Style
Democratic leadership style focuses on proving equal authority to every manager and
employee according to their roles and responsibilities (Flemes, 2016). It also helps leaders to
influence employees to provide their point of view which can help to increase performance of
organisation. Democratic leaders always make decisions with participation of team which also
increase the motivation of them to support leader and achieve objectives effectively.
Autocratic Leadership Style
Autocratic leadership styles is single person oriented style which does not allow to
anyone else to interfere in the decision making process. This leadership styles is not effective in
the organisation as it reduces job satisfaction of employees and increases the turnover which
impact the performance to achieve objectives effectively.
Laissez-Faire Leadership Style
This leadership style is not effective for Soft Company as it will increase disputes in the
organisation. Due to ineffective skills and knowledge in employees this leadership style id not
suitable for Joan Pearson (Ichinose and et al, 2018). This leadership style also reduces the
control power of leader on the operations of company which is not good for Soft Company.
Different approaches to operations management Six Sigma
This is a theory which can help organization to reduce the variations which come in the
products which is going to help the organization to make the customers satisfaction level
increase in the market. Six Sigma can help Soft Company to have a better functioning and can
benefit the organization in a lot of ways possible. There has to be an internal and external
analysis of the environment in which the company is functioning within so that they can improve

the quality of the products and make the organization get the most of it and make the right
decisions for the future. To have process control and minimizing variations in the process is very
essential in soft company which is why the organization uses Six Sigma. Leaders have to make
sure that the workforce is motivated from time to time which is going to make the performance
and operations higher in the organization (Shiffman, Engfer and Paty, 2018). And on the other
hand the management or managers have to find ways so that they can reduce the wastage which
is being produced by the organization in the market. This is only possible when there is a
motivated workforce and employees who can adapt to the changes so that the lean manufacturing
in the company can be achieved successfully. The right measures have to be taken by the
management of the organization considering the employees motivated level which is going to
help Soft Company to grow in the market. There has to be a balance in the working of
organization which is done by the leaders and the managers of the organization so that the
organization can achieve their objectives and goals (Xing, 2019). Just in time
This is a method which is used by Soft Company so that they can control and minimize their
inventory costing labour which is a very essential factor. This is also good for raising the quality
of the products and goods so that there is a better functioning. First analysing the needs of the
customers and then the production should take place so that the demands can be met. There has
to be a proper mannered leading of the employees so that the quality and the task can be
completed on time and to the expectation and standards of the organization. The managers have
to control and monitor if the activities are taking place according to them so that the wastage can
reduce which is going to make the financial conditions of the organization even better which is a
very essential factor. There is an expectation which the customers have and a standard which the
Soft Company has created for them in the market which is going to make the organization have a
better functioning and improve the portfolio in the market (Yonezawa and et.al., 2018). The
managers have to make sure that the raw material which are coming in the organization are not
extra and meeting the needs for the operations to take place effectively.
Importance and value of operations management in achieving business objectives
Operation management is a method which is used by business activities which is going to
make the end users be satisfied with the products which are going to make the organization have

a better reputation and brand image in the market. There are a lot of trouble and issues which can
rise when the organization does not maintain their operations in the market which is not good for
the organizations reputation and brand image.
 Raise Sales
The aim of Soft Company is to minimise their operational costing and raise the productivity
of the company. This is going to make the organization be able to raise a higher profit and
enhancing the customer’s level of satisfaction as well on time. To a great extent the net profit of
the organization is going to increase and the quality of the end products will be raised as well.
This is a way through which the organization will be able to achieve their objectives and goals
on time (Hrle and et.al., 2019).
 Raising employee motivation
This is the best method which can be used by organizations so that they can make the
organization not have pressure of workload and can be managed for the employees to feel
relaxed and give their best in the company. There is a systematic functioning in Soft Company
because of this factor and rewards are also given to the employees of the organization so that
they can continue their positive behaviour in the organization. This is going to make the
employees loyalty towards the organization also increases which are a great factor. The skilled
employees remain the organization for a longer duration and the goals and objectives of the
organization can be met from time to time.
 Enhance productivity and quality
It is very important that with the help of Six Sigma and JIT approaches in the operation
management there is an enhancement of the quality of the products in the organization which is
going to make the satisfaction level and the loyalty of the customers to increase. This is going to
help the organization to get a competitive advantage in this competition which is coming up in
the market which is a very essential factor. This is going to reduce the cost of the labour and
there can be more products which can be made.
 Supply chain management
Operational management is going to help the organization to understand the demand and
determining as to how much of raw material is going to be required by the organization so that
they can fulfil the demands (Duong and et.al., 2019). There is a well built relationship of Soft
Company with their suppliers with this method so that the company can have a quality of raw

material which is going to make the reputation of the company increase. The company has to
meet the expectation of the customers which is going to help the organization be able to achieve
their goals and objectives from time to time.
 Reduce wastage
The focus of the company is to increase the productivity of the company by reducing the
wastage in the organization. The aim is to make more revenue in the market and become the
market leaders. This is going to make the organization have a control on the labour and the
inventory in the organization which is going to make the processing faster and better. The
organization has to have higher profit margins for themselves which is going to be very helpful
for a long run.
Factors impacting the environment of operations management and decision making
 Ethics
There is going to be an effective decisions making in the organization because of the ethics
which are being followed in the organization. There is a help which the leaders and managers
receive from the ethics of an organization so that they can analyse and understand the right and
the wrong for the organizations future growth. The aim is to make the stakeholders get the
benefit from this and make the organization have a strong brand image. There has to be a fair
treatment and equality in the organization so that the employees can be motivated and the
functioning can be better (Reim, Parida and Sjödin, 2016). This is going to secure the society and
create the right decisions which are going to make the organization have a better functioning and
decision making in the organization.
 Culture
There is a great influence of the culture of the organization on operations in Soft Company.
The talent of the employees have to be analysed and to reduce the errors in the organization there
should be a fair distribution of work so that the employees can give their best in the company.
There has to be well maintained skills of the employees in the organization so that the operations
can take place affectively. There should be no de-motivation in the organization of the
employees so that the services to the customers can be analysed (Okamura and Koizumi, 2019).
Leaders have to make decisions which are going to improve the culture of the organization and
the environment of the organization can be maintained. There are goals which have to be met in

the organization should be done according to the plan which is going to make the organization
have a better functioning for them.
 Corporate social responsibilities
In the present it is very essential for the organization to take the responsibilities towards the
environment and the society which is going to make the organization have a better reputation in
the market. There is a systematic method and manner which needs to be used to achieve the end
products in the market which is going to make the quality and the products better. There has to
be a use of quality material for the operations and management in the organization which is
going to help the organization to get in a lot of customers. Managers have to deal with the
customers in an appropriate language and the right decisions have to be taken by the managers of
the organization (Takagi and Tamura, 2019). This is going to help the organization get a
competitive advantage which is a very essential factor. If Soft Company does not care for their
CSR then the organizations brand image and value will fall in the market which is very essential
for the organization to maintain.
 Value
The importance worth and usefulness to the customers is what value is for Soft Company in
the market. This is going to help the organization have a performance and brand value which is
good for the company and there is going to be a positive impact as well on the customers. It is
very important for the leaders and managers to analyse the value of the organization and the
customers and match those so that the company can have a better functioning. There are
analysing tools which are being used by the organizations which is going to help the organization
to understand better and make the changes accordingly (Pavlineri, Skoulikidis and Tsihrintzis,
2017). This is going to help the development of the business but also the decision making in an
organization. It is very important to make decisions according to the beliefs and other factors
which are going to make the organizations productivity get affected. The organization must have
a better purpose which is going to help the company to have a better direction to function within
and the organization will be able to get a competitive advantage. It is very important for the
organization to analyse the competition in the market so that appropriate decisions can be taken.

CONCLUSION
From the above report it can be concluded that the organizations have to analyse the
market before they make decisions. There are operational management which have to be
maintained by the organization so that the organization can maintain their standards and
reputations in the market which is going to be very helpful for the organization to get a larger
market share. The leaders and the managers of an organization play a very essential role in the
organization so that there is a better functioning of the organization. The leaders have to
distribute and monitor the people who are working under them so that the organization can
benefit and the managers have to take care of the controlling and decision making in the
organization so that there is a better functioning. There are a lot of approaches which are going to
make the organization have a better portfolio in the market which is why it is very important for
the company to have a better functioning and understanding of the organization which is going to
make the organization have higher profit margins. The end product of the company has to satisfy
the needs of the customers which is going to help the company to get profits.

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