Management and Operations

Management
And
Operations

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................................3
TASK - 1...............................................................................................................................................3
P1. Demonstrate the contrast among definition, roles and character of managers in
addition to leaders..........................................................................................................................3
M1. Difference between role and functions of manager and leader........................................5
TASK - 2...............................................................................................................................................6
P2. Describe the roles of executive within various situations of organisation........................6
P3. Apply diverse range of premise and form of an approach..................................................7
M2. Measure the strengths and weaknesses at diverse approach of circumstances within
the working atmosphere.................................................................................................................8
TASK - 3...............................................................................................................................................9
P4. Evaluate the major approach of business administration and the functions play by
managers and leaders...................................................................................................................9
P5. Estimate the importance of operation management in accomplishing commerce
objectives.......................................................................................................................................10
M3. Examine how leaders can develop progress efficacy of business administration to
effectively gather business goal..................................................................................................11
TASK - 4.............................................................................................................................................12
P6. Examine the business external aspects that affect on business administration and
managerial process......................................................................................................................12
M4. Analyse how these issues affect business environment and wider area.......................13
CONCLUSION..................................................................................................................................13
REFERENCES....................................................................................................................................14

INTRODUCTION
Management is determined as the act of guidance to a group of people
working in an organisation by building employee relation through co-ordination,
engagement and involvement. The business administration is an area alarmed with
manipulating and monitoring the procedure of construction and redesigning business
activities. In this project, Tesco has been selected as being the British worldwide
provisional and universal commodities retail supermarket with located in England,
United Kingdom (Honarpour, Jusoh and Md Nor, 2018). The CEO of Tesco is Dave
Lewis from 1st September, 2014 and revenue of US $63.911 billion in 2019. This
project differentiates between manager and leaders by describing their description,
responsibility and job roles. It additionally applies a variety of different assumption
and representation of approach with its power and weak spot. Additionally, it
evaluates the importance and assessment of management of business in achieving
business aim and intention with its roles played by managers and leaders. This
project further analyses the business ecological issues that influence upon operation
administration and decision-making process.
TASK - 1
P1. Demonstrate the contrast among definition, roles and character of managers in
addition to leaders
Manager:- The manager is an individual or a group for Board of Directors who
are responsible in controlling and administering the actions performed by its workers.
Managers of Tesco guide and manage the performance of workers by removing
mistakes from their measures to achieve success.
Role:-
 Innovative idea:- The process of developing new idea for tactical managerial
process in forecasting plan to make distinctive finished good with its unique
features. Managers of Tesco focus on attracting customers through their
differentiated product to compete with rivalries (Madura, 2020).
 Direction:- The main function of managers is to explain leaders and
employers for performing their activities in organized way. Directors of Tesco

direct the actions in order to ascertain the effectiveness by improving quality
of product established as prescribed in labelling.
Characteristics:-
 Self-motivated:- This refers as the ability of supervisor to be motivated and
encouraged to attain its personal and business ambition and objectives.
Managers of Tesco are self-motivated as they perform their role actively in
business to achieve its objectives.
 Respect workers:- It is the responsibility of executors to support, co-operate
and respect their workers those who are performing their actions within
business. Managers of Tesco mainly appreciate thanks and provide
performance appraisal for their high efforts to achieve success.
Leader:- The leader focus on balancing between business foresight,
performance and character. They have the ability to delegate the authority and
responsibilities of actions to their employees through division of work for realizing
their precise mark in exact interval (Mahmoudi and Parviziomran, 2020). Managers
of Tesco strategically plan and categorise work by developing employee relation.
Role:-
 Team player:- The leader have the authority and responsibility for actions
performed by whole effective team in order to accomplish its target. Leaders
of Tesco take the charge for their team as to complete work within particular
time boundation.
 Delegator:- It is the process of delegating work to various workers for
improving effectiveness with their high skills. Leaders of Tesco mainly focus
on taking decisions by decentralising task in accordance with their work to
maintain their competitive position in market.
Characteristics:-
 Proper communication:- This is known as verbal and non-verbal
communication process to convey message for leaders and employees to
complete their task effectively (Mansour-lakouraj and Shahabi, 2019).

Leaders of Tesco communicate with their workers politely and suggest them
to achieve their target efficiently.
 Reliable:- The main characteristic of leader is to create integration and
reliability among every employee through their co-ordination and sharing work
with one another. Leaders of Tesco focus on building belief and assurance
among their workforce through synchronization to act upon their task
collaboratively for specific target.
M1. Difference between role and functions of manager and leader
Features Managers Leaders
Definition The manager is an individual
or a group of Board of
Directors who is responsible
for controlling and
administering the actions
performed by its workers.
The leader focuses on
balancing between business
foresight, performance and
character. They have the ability
to delegate the authority and
responsibility of actions to their
employees through division of
work to accomplish their
specific aim in meticulous
period.
Role The role of manager is to
develop inventive plan for
tactical supervisory
decisions.
The role of leader is to perform
as team player and delegator.
Purpose The purpose of mangers is
forecasting, categorizing,
directing and managing.
Proper communication skills to
build employee relations.
Skills The skills of managers are
self-motivated, target-
oriented and respecting
nature.
The skills of leaders are to build
employee relations with
collaboration through
engagement and involvement
among its workers (Mishra,
Kumar and Hassini, 2019).
Qualities of The good qualities of The good quality of a leader is

Individual manager are to develop
innovative idea with creative
thinking skills, and be
autonomous and responsible
for the activities being
executed in the company to
accomplish success.
honesty, integrity, confidence,
commitment and passion. It’s
main motive is to encourage
workers for attain objectives of
both workers and organisation.
Management
Quality
Manager’s role in
management is to direct and
organize employee’s
performance by restricting
errors.
The role for leaders in
management is to boost energy
for workers to finish objective in
fastidious time by providing
them both non-monetary and
monetary rewards.
Operation Management:- The operation management is described as
process of utilising scarce resource effectively by converting raw material into final
goods and services. It is significant for managers of Tesco as to fulfil the
requirements, desire of consumers through supplying them qualitative products at
least-cost effective prices. This further encourages buyers to give high prices for
their specialised quality which results in high sale and profits.
TASK - 2
P2. Describe the roles of executive within various situations of organisation
Functions of manager:- There are variety of roles for supervisors which
generate objectives expanding business activities at global level and maintain its
position in market (Mukhopadhyay, 2020). Tesco’s managers require to focus on
their functions to accomplish success efficiently with their quality and time
management. It is further explained as under:-
 Planning:- It is the process of making strategic marketing plans for an
organisation through the capability to analyse dream, assignment and
objective of an organisation. This strategises the company to develop its
internal power for minimising weak spot and external prospect to conquer

intimidation. Managers of Tesco mainly focus on planning their new ideas to
generate differentiated finished goods and services to meet the wants of their
end-users.
 Organising:- This refers as to execute the plan within various departments of
an administration to attain their organisation aim and intention effectively.
Managers of Tesco organise the activities to their workers through
decentralisation in harmony with their aptitude to carry out task.
 Directing:- It is the process through which supervisor express and guides
their leaders to perform certain actions as per the requirement of customer
with the ability to achieve their level of satisfaction. Managers of Tesco
supervise the activities of workers for supplying their finished goods and
services by building customer relationship management (Nabil, El Barkany
and El Khalfi, 2018).
 Controlling:- The ability of managers to observe and manage actions of
workers to reduce fault throughout remedial method for achieving success.
Managers of Tesco manage activities of their workers to maintain its
competitive position. It focuses on attaining success in global market through
strengthen their resources and by utilising available opportunities.
The various situations of an organisation which are as follows:
 Improve effectiveness:- This is the responsibility of supervisors to monitor
the quality and time management of workers within particular duration through
specialisation. Tesco’ managers focus on the capability of employees &
examine the time consumption for every job activity to accomplish success.
 Minimise cost:- The managers of an organisation mainly targets to minimise
their expense through reducing their waste disposal and fully utilising scarce
resources. Managers of Tesco focus on least-cost efficacy as it draw huge
numeral of clients to pay for their goods which result in increasing sale and
income.
P3. Apply diverse range of premise and form of an approach
Various theories are implement by managers to formulate business policies
and idea through innovative and creative thinking skills of managers for residual
steadiness at global marketplace. It further creates opportunity for business to

extend aggressive tactics through their intrinsic power to manage faults and extrinsic
prospect for overcoming pressure (Novo, 2018). Managers of Tesco mainly focus on
developing effective policies that build possibility to deal with all other competitors
exist in market like ASDA, Sainsbury, Morrisons, Wal-Mart, etc. It is mentioned
below as:-
 Situational:- This approach was presented by Hersey and Blanchard in
1969. It is the procedure through which leaders modify their style of
leadership as per the situation of business. Managers of Tesco implement this
as they have to examine quality of product generated by worker within
particular time in accordance with their capabilities. It is essential for leaders
to adopt various styles as enabling workers to complete their task with
specialisation by improving efficiency.
 System:- It is a set of skills and capabilities of workers performed with
collaboration for meeting the specific target collectively within particular
duration to achieve success. Managers of Tesco decentralise the task of
employees as per their capabilities so they can perform assigned roles and
responsibilities in appropriate manner. The leaders of Tesco have authority
and responsibility to follow the instructions of their supervisors and make the
task completed as per their guidance. It is essential for leaders to develop
employee relations which lead to perform their task collectively with trust and
faith for achieving desired goals.
 Contingency:- This theory is described as the combine of situational and
system approach of leadership style. It is a potential capability for managers
of Tesco is to reduce the negative event in future by taking precautionary
steps to control it. The leaders of Tesco mainly focus on building good relation
among workers through engagement and involvement by co-ordinating with
each other that reduce conflicts (Rendon and Snider, 2019).
M2. Measure the strengths and weaknesses at diverse approach of circumstances
within the working atmosphere
The strengths and weaknesses for diverse approaches of leadership styles
are as under:
Leadership style Strengths (S) Weaknesses (W)

Situational approach It has the capability to
modify management
approach for achievement
of target at prescribed
time.
The adoption of change
consumes more time
which creates reason for
stoppage in achievement
of victory.
System approach This creates prospect for
leaders to attain their
personal and business
targets.
It is not possible always to
achieve individual goal as
the motivation by
managers is provided for
some specific duration not
every time.
Contingency approach It is the procedure which
performs actions in
systematic manner and
keeps on changing its
leadership style in
accordance with their
business situations
(Ruffieux, Mugellini and
Khaled, 2018).
This approach is simple in
understanding and faces
various difficulties at the
time of its implementation
and execution.
TASK - 3
P4. Evaluate the major approach of business administration and the functions play
by managers and leaders
Operation management refers to produce raw materials into final products to
fulfilling the wants, wish and needs of clients to accomplish success in future. The
key approaches of management operations mainly aims for managers to analyse the
activities of business by being aware of products produced. It is the responsibility for
managers of Tesco to justify their products with total quality and point of time
administration in order to participate with its competitors. These key approaches are
shown below as:-

 Total Quality Management (TQM):- This is described as the procedure to
progress excellence of merchandise in order to assemble the requirements of
end-users through building customer relationship management. Managers of
Tesco focus on delivering quality goods and services that result in enlarging
buyers to purchase more. It creates possibility of high revenue and profitability
ratios to sustain in global market.
 Six Sigma:- It is the set of administrative method that focus on getting better
superiority of commodities by monitoring and domineering the activities of
workers to reduce errors through corrective measures. Managers of Tesco
aim to minimise cost by effectively producing goods that are capable to satisfy
their potential target market. It is essential for building customers support and
loyalty at which they are prepared to compensate heavy amount of the
product (Szász and Seer, 2018).
 Supply Chain Management (SCM):- This is known as the skill of producers
to deliver their completed commodities throughout straight and not direct
means of allotment. This channel includes manufacturers, agents,
wholesalers, retailers and customers. Managers of Tesco focus to supply all
goods which leads to eliminate barrier for customers. It is essential for
producers to increase brand awareness and develop the opportunity to
achieve success.
 Lean Manufacturing:- It is the procedure of reducing waste disposable in
production for attracting large number of target market to consume their
goods. This creates opportunity for maximisation of revenue and profitability
ratios through promoting and positioning in mind of their customers. Managers
of Tesco manage their workers in manufacturing goods by least wastage for
least-cost effectiveness to accomplish goals and objectives.
P5. Estimate the importance of operation management in accomplishing commerce
objectives
The business administration is very necessary for an organisation to renovate
raw materials into final products by improving quality and time management.
Managers of Tesco implement operational management to reduce their wastage by
effectively utilising it in future. Its importance is explained as:-

 Improve productivity:- This refers as the responsibility of managers to
control the decisions of workers in favour of an organisation by reducing their
time consumption and improving quality of products. Managers in Tesco has
to focus on distributing their goods and services to its end-users for increasing
sale. Leaders in Tesco aim to enhance products’ quality to ensure customer’s
satisfaction.
 Able to utilise scarce resources:- It is important for an organisation to make
use of their limited funds successfully in order to maintain position in
worldwide market by developing their aggressive tactics. The role of
managers in Tesco have the motive to increase their intrinsic strength and
capability to maximise extrinsic opportunities to deal with the threats by
focusing on lean manufacturing. In Tesco, leaders so efforts to is to
accomplish set goals.
Operation management plays a prominent role in accomplishment of
objectives by fulfil customer’s requirements to maintain competitive position.
Managers of Tesco are valuable by adopting this as they are capable to
improve their competitive edge to compete with competitors such as ASDA,
Sainsbury, Morrisons and many more Its values are shown as under:-
 Increase goodwill:- The role of managers in Tesco is to increase goodwill by
take high risk in business situation with the capability to control it efficiently
that will results in high return in future. Leaders’ role in Tesco is to perform
every activity by proper management of time in order to improve efficiency in
accomplishment of success (Trigeorgis and Tsekrekos, 2018).
 Improve safety and quality: This refers as the opportunity of business to
motivate their workers to perform their job roles in effective manner that leads
them to achieve safety measures such as life insurance, medical treatments,
etc. The role of managers in Tesco is to encourage people for accomplishing
their individual and organisational goal efficiently and develop products with
total quality management. Leaders’ role in Tesco is developing employee
relation which increase co-ordination, engagement and involvement to
complete their task in particular time period.

M3. Examine how leaders can develop progress efficacy of business administration
to effectively gather business goal
The operation management is very important for an enterprise to improve
efficiency by analysing the error through monitoring and controlling the action of
workers. It further focuses on reducing mistakes through corrective measure that
might delay in attainment of organisational targets. Managers’ role in Tesco focus on
full utilising of scarce resources effectively and reduce waste disposal in order to
minimise cost and leads to attain high revenue and profits.
TASK - 4
P6. Examine the business external aspects that affect on business administration
and managerial process
The macro-environmental elements of business that affect operation
management and process of decision making for managers that are explained on the
basis of PEST Analysis is as follows:-
PEST Analysis:- This model refers as the change in external business
environment that affect the business either favourably or unfavourably in
accomplishment of set activities. Managers of Tesco mainly focus to minimise their
threats through taking precautionary steps in advance. These factors are mentioned
below:-
 Political:- This element consists includes political policy, stability or
instability, fiscal & monetary policy, etc. It mainly focuses on rules and
regulations imposed by political leaders which are to be followed accurately
and legally. In United States, the political leaders mostly remain same as
there is no change fluently. This affect Tesco managers in positive manner as
there is no change in rules of political leaders as it remains constant.
 Economical:- It is the element that consists foreign exchange rates, raw
material cost, employment or unemployment rates, etc. Managers of Tesco
are adversely affected as with this element as this are bound to pay wages to
their workers who are not performing actively in their job roles. It is essential
for managers to incentives, pay bonus and performance appraisal for the
workers to encourage them to complete their task effectively.

 Social:- This refers as demographic conditions, population growth, health
consciousness income distribution and age. Managers of Tesco are positively
impacted as this offer opportunities of within the society which create
possibility of their support and loyalty.
 Technological:- It is the factor that consist of adopting updated technology,
innovation, automation, etc. This also affect workers in positive manner as
workers promote and position their finished goods and services to their
potential consumers for increasing sales and profits.
M4. Analyse how these issues affect business environment and wider area
The various factors of external business environment affect the stability of
business which affect positive and negative upon operation management and
process of decision making of managers. It further delays in accomplishment of
success through proper time management and quality and create threats for
business which are high uncontrollable risk. This adversely affects the motivation of
employees for continuous change in goals and objectives of business.
CONCLUSION
From the given information, it can be summarised that management is a
continuous process within an organisation to achieve its targets for maintain its
position in perfect competition market. Operation management also plays important
role in enterprise to transform raw materials into final products for supplying it to
their potential target market with the motive to increase number of profits. This
further creates opportunity for growth in market where competitive forces exist. This
project compares between managers and leaders on the basis of their definition,
roles and functions with planning, organising, directing and controlling. It further
applies various theories and models which include situational, system and
contingency approach of business. Apartly, it examines the key concepts of
operational management through six sigmas, quality and supply chain management
with its importance and value for business to attain goals and targets. This report
analyse the different factors which affect operation management and process of
decision making process through application of PEST Analysis for developing
competitive strategies.

REFERENCES
Books and journal