Management and operations.

Management and
operations
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Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................3
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................3
P1) Define and compare the different roles and characteristic of a leader and a management3
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................5
P2) Role of leaders and managers in different situational context.........................................5
P3) applying different models and theories of approaches....................................................6
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................7
P4) Approaches to operation management and the role that leaders and mangers play........7
P5) Value and importance of operations management to achieve business objectives..........8
TASK 4............................................................................................................................................9
P6) Business environment factors that have a impact on the operational management and
decision making by the managers and leaders.......................................................................9
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................11
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................11
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INTRODUCTION
Operational management refers to the management that is mainly focused on to the designing
and controlling of the process of manufacturing and redesigning the business operations in the
productions of products and services. As such it is focused on to the delivery process and
ensuring that an organisation successfully turn the inputs into the output in a effective manner
and with the perfection.It is associated with the converting material and workforce into the goods
and services as effective as possible to maximize the productivity as well as profitability in order
to achieve the desired goals of an organisation. In addition to this, here leader and managers play
a major role that support in to the successfully done the all the operations in the organisation as
these are one who direct, guide and motivates the employees to work with their full potential in
order to achieve the objectives and to perform the task effectively(Barnes, D., 2018).
This study is based on the UBER that is an American company that specialise in offering
vehicles for hire, food delivery, package delivery and couriers and also has a partnership with
lime, electric bicycle and motorized scooter rental.And this report include the different roles and
functions of the mangers and leaders, how role of leader and functions of manages are apply in
the different situations, models and theories of leadership. Furthermore it includes role of
leaders and mangers that plays in operation functions and relationship between leadership and
management in a contemporary business environment.
MAIN BODY
TASK 1
P1) Define and compare the different roles and characteristic of a leader and a management
Leader is an individual that has an ability to see that how things can be improved and who
encourages and motivates the people towards the better vision(Bozarth, C.C. and Handfield,
R.B., 2016). Leader is the one that can work towards making their vision into the reality while
putting people first. They are empathetic and have connected with the people in a effective
manner to be successful. While on the other hand mangers are associated with the professional
position in the organisation that are responsible for getting the activities done efficiently through
other people in the organisations. They are engage in setting and achieving the goals with the
execution of basic management functions in the organisation.
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There various roles and responsibilities that are performed by the leaders in respect to
the company through which they set the roper directions and guidelines for the workforce in
order to achieve the desired goals and objectives. UBER use this factor as the positive aspect to
motivate the employees effectively towards the objectives of the firm.
Roles of leader Most important role played by the leaders of UBER is providing guidance, motivation
and directions towards turning vision into reality(Chary, S.N., 2017). That ensures that all
the objectives and targets are going to be achieved on the time and in a effective manner.
 Leaders also pursue the role monitoring and reviewing all the activities in the different
departments to ensure the task are performing as per the underline standards of the
company. This role is conducted by the leaders of UBER to monitored the all the
functioning in a efficiently that make sure the success of the operation.
Characteristics of leaders
 Leaders stand for maintaining the positive environment and ethical standards that tend to
increase the profitability and brand image of the organisation at a market place.
 Leaders are associated with the characteristic of effective communication. as leaders has
to communicate with the variety of ways, from translating information to guiding and
providing direction to the employees. This reflects the effective personality of the UBER
leaders which are stands as idle for the higher performance outcomes of the employees.
Managers are authorised with the professional roles and responsibilities related to managing
activities on daily basis and delegating of authority and duties. In the context to UBER Company
there are some roles and characteristics are discussed below:
Role of mangers:
 Managers in UBER play a very initial role that is panning and also identify the future
threats and opportunities. And undertake the planning into the action with the alignment
of polices and firms guidelines. They also use various planning tools in order to support
the efficiency of the planning process(Choi, T.M., Cheng, T.C.E. and Zhao, X., 2016).
 In context to UBER, proper commanding is also the major role played by the mangers
with the help of chain-of-command. In this worker report to the leader, leader report to
the managers and then manager to the top level executives such a CEO this how a proper
chain is used by the mangers in the proper commanding.
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Characteristics of management: Managers are reliable as in UBER they always support the employees whenever they
need to achieve the target for the success of the company. Time management is the essential characteristics of the manager. in UBER mangers are
focused towards prioritize their working, manage proper time to communicate the
information and roles and accomplish the objectives on the basis of weeks.
Comparison between managers and leaders
Basis leader Manager
Characteristics They generally focused on the
providing direction and
motivation to the workforce to
support the performance
enhancement
They engage in the planning,
innovation and decision making
for the success of the
organisation
Decision making Leader is the one who facilitate
power decision making to the
other team members also.
Manager takes the decision by
own without any participation
for the effective functioning of
the business.
TASK 2
P2) Role of leaders and managers in different situational context
Leaders in the organisation play different types of roles, they associated with the responsibility
of managing the activities and functioning of the department in order to increase the
effectiveness in the performance of team(Cook, G.N. and Billig, B., 2017). In addition to this,
managers are authorised with the role of gathering required resources and distribute them into the
department as per the requirements for the smooth running of operations. There are several
situations in which managers and leaders play different roles;
Team building
Team building is the refers to the process of formulation of team of individuals that are
associated with the different skills, abilities and talent in order to achieve the objective in
effective manner without wasting time and money. In the perspective of UBER Company,
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managers ensure that duties and responsibility are to be delegated effectively and make available
all the resources that are required by the employees and departments in order to complete the
task. While leaders believe that only making team will not enhance the performance but it also
need proper guidelines and motivations to increase the both productivity and performance.
UBER leaders follow the authoritarian leadership style as to eliminate the disruption and for the
effective control over the team that provides the completion of task on time(da Costa Cordeiro,
W.L., Marques, J.A. and Gaspary, L.P., 2017).
Project management
project management refers to the execution of method, process and approaches in order to
achieve the specific project objectives as according to the company criteria and acceptable
parameters. In context to UBER Company, managers indentify the difficulty and threats that may
come between the completion of the project and also find out the skills and knowledge that is
needed to accomplish the task and this also includes formulation of strategies and ensures the
required resources that are essential for the project. While on the other hand leaders delegate the
duties and roles as per the skills and abilities of the workforce and also provide them proper
guidlines, motivation and direction towards the project objectives so that they can be achieve
effectively and on time.
P3) applying different models and theories of approaches
Leadership refers to the both research area and practical skills that has been used to induce the
ability of individual or group to work with the full potential along with willingness. This aspect
of the management includes providing of direction and motivation to achieve the objectives
effectively and efficiently and leaders are the one that helps themselves as well as to others to do
the right things at a right time (Gibson, P. and Parkman, R., 2018). There is various leadership
styles that are used by the management and some are discussed below in context to UBER:
Situational leadership approach:
In this leadership style, leaders adopt the style as per the current situation at a work place
and requirement of the team. This is refers to the most flexible model in which UBER leaders
can easily and effectively influence any form of leadership style as per the need of working
situations and team to get the perfection in the operations. This provides support in to effectively
drive the changes in the internal environment and in the behaviour of workforce. That helps in to
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formulate better strategies and accomplishment of the organisational goals and objectives with
the perfection.
System leadership approach:
In the assistance of this approach, leaders develop the situation or condition within the
organisation as according to the employee’s skills and abilities perform the operations with the
higher productivity and profitability (Ivanov, D., Tsipoulanidis, A. and Schönberger, J., 2017).
In UBER Company, leaders use this approach with the sound principles that are made as per the
employee’s behaviour in order to formulate a model of good leadership, design methods and a
social process. This style helps in to evaluate the employee’s behaviour and formulate the
strategies according to them that support in to get targets and desired goals of the organisation.
Contingency leadership approach:
This theory of leadership claims that to organise the corporations, to lead a company, and to
make decision there is no best way. Instead, the course of actions to perform the task is depended
upon the situation and that can be internal or external. With the assistance of this UBER
company ensures the success and growth by adopting the style depends upon the need and
demand created by the situations of the organisation and the team members. Along with this it
has evaluated that contingency approach is selected on the basis of factors like relationship exist
in the members, power of decision making, working situation and task structure etc. this also
help in to analyse the overall business environment situations(Karlsson, C. ed., 2010).
TASK 3
P4) Approaches to operation management and the role that leaders and mangers play
Operations management is the process of management of the business activities of an
organisation by utilising the necessary strategies and tactics in the operations of a business in
order to achieve the organisational goals of an organisation. In the context of Uber, the
organisation performing well in their business operation by analysing the factors effectively and
efficiently along with the proper utilization of the tools and techniques of the operation
management.
 Six Sigma:
This approach is concerned with the minimization of defects and errors by utilising the
necessary tools and techniques that helps in improving the procedure of the organisation. It is
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being implemented by the managers for improving the quality of the goods and services along
with the minimisation of cost and time(Kumar, S., Mookerjee, V. and Shubham, A., 2018).
Role played by leader: The main role of leader will be to implement this approach and usage if
tools and techniques in such a way that the team work among the personnel must be achieved.
Role played by manager: The major role of manager will be that the formulation and
implementation of the business strategies can be possible which helps in optimum utilization of
resources. Total quality approach:
It is described as the process of improving product, services, culture and process of the firm
in order to increases the quality, efficiency and brand image of the business. This approach is
generally focused on the regular improvements and changes in the overall procedure of the
company to provide the optimum level of satisfaction to the customer along with the longer
sustainability.
Role played by leader: Here the role of leader is to guide and motivate employees at work place
that encourage them to accept the changes and eliminates the resist to changes.
Role played by manager: In this manger of the respective firm is focus on to the formulation and
execution of strategies as to successfully implement the changes in the operations of the
company for improvements(Lee, C.K.H., 2018.).
P5) Value and importance of operations management to achieve business objectives
Efficiency of production : Production is important part of minimize cost for any
organization. In uber company they don't produce product but they hire drivers who has four
wheelers and two wheelers. Uber run their business in different countries.
Maximum profit: The main motive of every organisation is profit maximization and achieves to
target goals. Initially Uber provide services at very low price and provided many offers and
discounts. Like example their first ride was free of cost so they could reach maximum people and
build good relations with customers. After that they improve many things like they launch option
of uber moto and etc. In current scenario they launch Uber eats in company. In this concept
cuatomera can order food through uber eats. These strategies are helps in growth and providing
better services to customers in market(Magon, R.B.,and. et. al. 2018).
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Customer satisfaction: This factor is very important for every business for growth and
performance of company. In Uber comapny's main motive is provide satisfaction to customers
because uber is totally based on customers. Uber provide them better services with safety
measures and giving them best offers, it is helps in performance of company.
Improvement of services: Improving services according to customer's needs is important.
Uber company improving services according to customer after ride customers have option in
application to rate the service and give feedback to company about their ride experience and
driver also.
Create effective operations skills: In organisation skills of employees are play important
role in increasing growth and performance. In UBER company have training programs for
employees so they can perform in better way. And it is based on technology so it is important to
provide training about technology to employees.
Improve working conditions: In business motivating to employees helps in better
performance. UBER Company always motivate to employees and provide them better facilities
and employment benefits.
Adopt market trends: In every business plan strategies according to trends in market helps in
growth and stability of business. Uber adopt new techniques regularly like initially they launch
four wheeler ride but after they find out new strategy of two wheeler ride this concept is for
single people who want go somewhere. Single person can't afford car so in that case they can use
moto ride this is cost effective. Uber find out best ways to fulfil customer’s needs and
expectations(Qi, W. and Shen, Z.J.M., 2019).
TASK 4
P6) Business environment factors that have a impact on the operational management and
decision making by the managers and leaders
There are several factors that directly affect the organisation in both internally and externally.
These factors interrupt in the all the functions of operational management and decision making
of the organisation. As per these factors and dynamic market, mangers and leaders take various
decisions to maintain the effective performance.
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Legal and political changes: This is rfers to the changes are related to the laws and
decision made by the governments. This type of changes always create policies imposed by the
firm that effects the planning process and decision making process of the firm. Here leader play a
important roles as they a have ability and skill to predict the future that bring the changes in the
firm so for that they have to manage and arrange the entire resource effectively.
Stakeholders: Stakeholders involves the customers, clients, suppliers, and investors etc
that are authorised directly with the company (Wei, Y. and Akinci, B., 2019). Investors play a
vital role as they investing the share in the firm to get the desired outcomes along with the profits
in an effective and efficient manner.
Financial status: The resources and the financial status of the company which always
helps mangers and leaders in to create the proper decision making so that they can manage their
work in a proper manner and with the perfection. Decision related with the price of the goods
and services that are provided to the consumers is very crucial as that accomplished the
investment cost that gets affected by the profit margin and cash flow of the company.
CONCLUSION
From the above report it has been concluded that operations and management is concerned with
managing the material and workforce to convert them into the productive output. And in this
leaders and mangers pays an important role to get the work done on time and effectively without
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wasting time and money. It has been described that leaders and mangers are different in their role
and characteristics that they play within the organisation to get the work done. As managers are
responsible for assigning duties and roles and leaders are responsible to directing and motivating
the employees at a work place. There are many approaches and theories that are used by the
leaders in order to encourage the workforce and to support in to the effective output. Along with
this, report is also considered that operations management is the important and valuable part of
the organisation to sustain for longer period and achieve the objectives effectively and
efficiently. As it is associated with the manufacturing products and services to make them
available at the market place in order to grab the sales objectives.
REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Barnes, D., 2018. Operations Management. Macmillan International Higher Education.
Bozarth, C.C. and Handfield, R.B., 2016. Introduction to operations and supply chain
management. Pearson.
Chary, S.N., 2017. Production and operations management. McGraw Hill Education.
Choi, T.M., Cheng, T.C.E. and Zhao, X., 2016. Multi‐methodological research in operations
management. Production and Operations Management, 25(3), pp.379-389.
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Choi, T.M., Wallace, S.W. and Wang, Y., 2018. Big data analytics in operations
management. Production and Operations Management, 27(10), pp.1868-1883.
Cook, G.N. and Billig, B., 2017. Airline operations and management: a management textbook.
Taylor & Francis.
da Costa Cordeiro, W.L., Marques, J.A. and Gaspary, L.P., 2017. Data plane programmability
beyond openflow: Opportunities and challenges for network and service operations and
management. Journal of Network and Systems Management, 25(4), pp.784-818.
Gibson, P. and Parkman, R., 2018. Cruise operations management: Hospitality perspectives.
Routledge.
Ivanov, D., Tsipoulanidis, A. and Schönberger, J., 2017. Global supply chain and operations
management. A decision-oriented introduction to the creation of value, 2.
Karlsson, C. ed., 2016. Research methods for operations management. Routledge.
Karlsson, C., 2016. Research in operations management. In Research Methods for Operations
Management (pp. 23-61). Routledge.
Kumar, S., Mookerjee, V. and Shubham, A., 2018. Research in operations management and
information systems interface. Production and Operations Management, 27(11),
pp.1893-1905.
Lee, C.K.H., 2018. A review of applications of genetic algorithms in operations
management. Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence, 76, pp.1-12.
Magon, R.B.,and. et. al. 2018. Sustainability and performance in operations management
research. Journal of Cleaner Production, 190, pp.104-117.
Qi, W. and Shen, Z.J.M., 2019. A smart‐city scope of operations management. Production and
Operations Management, 28(2), pp.393-406.
Wei, Y. and Akinci, B., 2019. A vision and learning-based indoor localization and semantic
mapping framework for facility operations and management. Automation in
Construction, 107, p.102915.
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