Review and Analysis of Operations Research in Solid Waste Management

The assignment provided is a comprehensive review and analysis of operations research in solid waste management. It covers a survey of strategic and tactical issues, leadership development, system development for distributed clients and servers, leadership for learning, missing links in understanding the relationship between leadership and organizational performance, relationship between quality management practices and innovation, safely enabling low-altitude airspace operations, and impact of TQM and technology management on operations performance. The document also includes historical reviews of demand side management in China, leadership competency profiles of successful project managers, calf management practices, and trickle irrigation for crop production. It is a valuable resource for students and professionals in the field of operations research and management.

MANAGEMENT AND OPERATIONS

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
P1 Compared different roles and characteristics of a modern leader and manager....................3
P.2 Different roles of leader and function of manager apply in different situational context of
Toyota.........................................................................................................................................4
P.3 Different theory and models of leadership ...........................................................................6
P.4 Key approaches used by Toyota and its application.............................................................8
P5 The importance and value of operations management in achieving business objectives...10
P.6 The factors within the business environment that impact upon operational management
and decision-making by leaders and managers.........................................................................11
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................12
REFRENCES.................................................................................................................................13

INTRODUCTION
Management and operation plays an significance role in the organisation in terms of
effective services and rapid productions. Toyota Motor company what's more, its operation
under which different issues have been happened in their vehicle because of poor creation
process approach connected in the association. As the different part and qualities of an advanced
leader and chief a by and large way and the capacity of administrator apply in various situational
setting in Toyota. From the distinctive hypotheses and models of approach, including situational
administration, precise authority and possibility. Key way to deal with operation administration
utilized by Toyota and the part that pioneer and trough plays in working of all the
methodologies. The significance and estimations of operation administration in accomplishing
business destinations of goals of Toyota. The variables wthi9g business condition of the
association that effect upon operational administration and basic leadership by leader and
manager.
P1 Compared different roles and characteristics of a modern leader and manager.
Toyota is an world largest auto-mobile organization which required the effective leader
and manager. The role and characteristic can be describe as follows:
 Role of leader: In every organization the most important aspect is the leader working
style is to motive the team to archive the effective outcome of the firm. As the leader
have to take the various action against the different task which are important to remove.
Leader will be the Representative of the organization in which the various perspective to
cooperate the work will be done on the basis of various situation. As the leader will guide
the team and help them by regular interacting with them(Kim, Kumar and Kumar, 2012).
The another role leader will play in the organization as they will support the team
member whenever thy made mistake. Also leader listen the issues of the member and
give the correct suggestion to solve out. A result leader will work according to the his
own philosophies.
 Role of manager: Manager is the key person who analysis the situation and take the
necessary step based on issues. As the manager will be responsible for the various roles
such as hiring and staffing the employees and manage the effectively them with the better
outcomes for the firm. Manager will solve the issues of the employees and give the

corrective measures to them. The important roles a manager will performed in the firm by
the taking the effective decision in the organization.
 Leader will create vision and manager create objectives: This can be the most
important aspect for the leader as they have visible behind the each and every thing for
the firms betterment. As they believe min themselves as well the team with they are
working with leader(Krajewski, Ritzman and Malhotra, 2013). While the manger have to
take the focus on the setting plans and according to the plan they have to set the objective
to accomplish them. As they control the situation to measuring the objectives.
 Leader will provide the direction while manager have to plan: This can be the most
important aspect of the leader as provide the direction to the employees to accomplish the
various task while the manage have to plan of action and guide employee to work
according to the set plan. As the leader will develop the strategies to accomplish to make
the possibility. While the manger need to get the better effective decision to accomplish
the task.
 Leader will align the team while manager haver to organise the task: This can be the
another important aspect of leader as they will communicate with the employee to alive
the situation for the effective working. As the leader will engage implementation by
helping them to see which team member will fit for effective work. While the manger
have to create the and established the structure to accomplish different plans. As they
communicate the plan and reinforce it.
 Leader will be followed by winner and mange will be followed by employees: This
can be the major characteristic of leader as they will followed by the winner ad make the
different personality in the organisations. While the manager will be followed by the
employees only which can be negative image or positive image according to the
perception perceived by the employees for manager working style(Hallinger and Heck,
2010.).
P.2 Different roles of leader and function of manager apply in different situational context of
Toyota.
In the leading brad Toyota will be the most effective organization which focus on the
quality products and services on time. As the manager and leaser will play an important roles in
Toyota which help to brig the various function for effective management and operation. The

firms profitability and productivity will be increase due to the different step take by the
organization (Kuruppuarachchi and Perera, 2010.). As the leader and manager will easily
collaborate to bring the better team advantaged to achieving their various roles and
responsibilities in the firm. As the manager will try to make effective plan to reduce the waste in
the vehicle. While the leader will try to get the innovative idea to bring the betterment of all the
stakeholder of the firms. Manager will focus to increase the sales of the firm whole leader will
try to expand the firm overall productivity.
The role of leader apply is the various situation as follows:
 They will take risk for the firm to save the goodwill of the firms: As the situation have
been arise in front of the organisation due to poor quality in vehicle. As the leader had
deal with this situation by recalling all the Toyota to remove the issues with the free
services given to the customer.
 They take the responsibility to improver the firms productivity and employees efficiency
which can be the helpful to create positive working environment.
 Leader will transform the better communication to the employees to utilise the better
resource of the organisation in effective manner.
 Situational leadership style is an leader who will help to make the avoid the different
situation in the organisation.
 Leader have the corrective to taken the risk according to the situation without thinking
about the outcomes(Ming, 2013).
 Leader had faced the difficulty situation but with their correct decision making process
according to the past experience will help them to remove the issues.
Apart from this, manger plays an various function in the Toyota which will applied ion
the different situation. As in the organisation the Toyota group have various division to manager
the effectively different issues. They have HR, Marketing, operation, IT. For all this division
each of them have separate manager. They also an important personnel in an organisation, he or
she is the person who manages, supervise, control and direct various employees working under.
A Manager performs the following functions in an organisation - The various function at the
Toyota Group can be describe as follows:

 Manger will manage the firm production process and employees performances the human
resource manger hire the employees and give trainings to them to improve the
performance. Also they utilise the better manpower to maintain the firms performance.
 IT manner will brig the all the technology for the organisation for the effective customer
satisfaction can be made as per the automation.
 Operation and production manager this can be the better.
 Setting goals and objectives
 Organizing the various tasks
 Communicate and Motivate
 Creating targets and goals
 Developing people
Leader's role – A leader is an individual who lead and direct a team in order to achieve a
common goal or objective. An effective leader helps a group of individuals or team to set goals,
plans methods to achieve those goals and move in the most effective direction to successfully
obtain the goals and objectives The leader plays an important role in an organisation such as
Inspiring and motivating employees or Setting clear objectives, mission and vision(Anderson and
et.al,2015).
P.3 Different theory and models of leadership
In working environment is to be focus on different theory and models to solve internal
carrying out in organization. These theories help the organization such as The Toyota to develop
a healthy working environment and employee relation which leads to increase in efficiency and
effectiveness of the company or business. In this context different leadership style is help to
increase the level of carrying into action in work place. In this way some different kinds of
theory are as follows :-
 Situation leadership theory :- In this theory is focus on depend upon the skills and
capability of the employees in organization. Situational activity refers to when the
individual or administrator of an arrangement must adjust his style to fit the physical
process level of the multitude he is difficult to causation(Djahel and et.al,2015). The
operations' administration of Toyota can be stricken with this kind of leaders as the
leaders choose various styles of status on different determine in working environment. It
is help to increase the performance level and maintained the growth level in organization.

In these types of style manager is helping to guide all leader in organization and all leader
is help employees about the working environment in organization. In these types of
leaders where the style of leaders depends upon the skills and capabilities of the
employees for who the leaders are needful to influence for the accomplishment of the
task. It is help to increase the level of performance and maintained the growth rate in
market.
 System leadership :- In system leadership is focus on leader control the working of
employees and situation to increase the level of performance in market. In organization
leader is communicated with each employees in organization and provide guidance about
the work in organization. In this theory leader is focus on communicate with employees
as out the work and maintained the level of performance in market. The organization and
instrumentation those strategies for satisfaction of KAIZEN and let the employer in
working order division improve the human action related to the business enterprise of the
cars in low-level cost. In this way organization is set new strategies for future
development and increase the level of carrying into action in market.
 Contingency theory :- In this theory is focus on future decision in organization and help
at the time of decision in work place. In this theory the management focus on there is no
best way to organization and corporation in to lead the company and to make the decision
in organization. In work place decision making is most important and help for future
development in organization. In this way to organize a firm, to lead an organization, or to
make judgment. Instead, the optimum course of action is possible upon the internal and
external position. This theory is help to make judgment about the work and internal level
of organization. The social control by object approach can bring condition among the
worker with the feeling that they are being valued in the structure and this can bring
skillfulness in their on the job. It is help to maintained the level of market and increase
internal working environment(McNeil, Frey and Embrechts,2015).
Each much kind of style is help to make innovation and introduce new technology in market.
Pull off is focal point on internal working surroundings. Innovation is help to make some
changes in market and modification the number of client in market. With the help of this theory
is help to indefinite quantity new client in market of Toyota. To set a proper strategy is help to

increase the level of carrying into action in market. Models is help to for future market and
increase more number of customer and help to make new decision in work place.
P.4 Key approaches used by Toyota and its application.
For every organization it is important used the various approach which ca be used to
improving the effective performance of employees as well production process will help to
enhance the firm service to get the more customer trust. Due to some various incident happen
with the company they has set the certain step key approaches which will applied in the different
situations. The Toyota company has effectively distributed the business operations, duties, roles
and responsibilities among various employees and teams or staff according to their skills and
abilities. This assists the operational management of the organization to develop effectiveness
and efficiency of the business activities. The Toyota apply various key approaches or theories in
there operations or functions performed by various employees at different levels and
departments. The key approach and its application will be describe below:
 Lean theory – The Toyota adopts the lean theory in their productivity or manufacturing
process. This theory was first found by the Toyota in order to increase efficiency and
effectiveness in the manufacturing process as well as improvement in the performance of
the organization. This theory focus on eliminating the waste of the resources which leads
to effective utilization of time and resources for achievement of goals and objectives. The
lean theory help the organization in reducing the waste within the manufacturing
processes by forming effective teams and staffs as well as simplifying the various
processes which incredibly improves the outcomes or results of the overall
organization(Ghiani, and ett.al,2014).
 Six sigma – The Toyota implement various techniques of management in order to
identify and analyses the performance of the company. This theory also helps in
identifying the cause of defects in the products and minimizing them with the application
of different effective tools and techniques in the business operations(McCleskey,2014).
The Six sigma is data driven and disciplined approach and theory which helps in
eliminating defects in various functions and process from products to services or
production to transnational. There are five main principles of the six sigma theory as
mentioned below -
Focusing on the customers

Understanding and identifying the methods to complete a task or work
Improving, managing and smooth flow of organizational processes.
Removing or eliminating non- value added activities and wastes.
Reducing variation and managing facts
 Queuing theory – This theory can be determined as a mathematical approach in order to
analyses the delays and congestion of the waiting line. The Queuing theory helps in
examining every element of waiting in line to be served it includes services process,
arrival process, number of system places, number of servers and customers etc. The
Toyota implement this theory in order to boost up their performance and achieve their
organizational goals effectively.
 Total Quality Management: This can be the most important key approach used by the
Toyota company to manage the quality of vehicle. As the Toyota is known for the king of
Total quality management. It will help to achieve the better customer satisfaction with the
delivering the effective goods and services. As per the Toyota customer will be the first
priority which means Kaizen meaning the continues improvement and overall
involvement and input of all the worker. In the year 1951 company launched the creative
idea suggestion system to make efforts for the various development in the organisation
with the help of employee contribution. Toyota introduced statistical quality control in
the year 1949. as result this concept are core of firm production system which can be
Toyota Production system which will work for the higher quality of vehicle and work
with the improvement in all aspect of the firm from the employees betterment to
customer services(Nakayama and Bucks, 2012). Therefore this approach have main
objective to avid the scarp and enhance efficiency by ensuring that production of the firm
will be better at the first process. The application of Total quality management in the firm
which are manufacturing sector which required the standard for the effective production
process.
 Just In Time: This can be the another key approaches for the effective production
process where the Toyota company fulfiller the customer demand in limited time. This
help to save the inventory of the organisation and wasted can be maximise easily. Just in
time approach will help organisation to forecast demand correctively. The Toyota focus
to improve the productivity of the employees as well firm. As these approach will help to

assembled various parts of the vehicle will be required for the effective productions. It
can be the most important for the organisation to remove waste from vehicle will help to
make quality product on the time. As the Toyota had promised customer to fix the issues
in the shortest period for the effective services.
 Supply Chain Management: This can be the most important key approached used by
the Toyota is supply chain management. It is the main aspect of the firms operation
strategy in which TPS refer to the Toyota Production System. The origin of TPS by
sakichi Toyoda in the year 1867-1930 with the motive of automatic loom. Kiichor
Toyoda had implemented the chain conveyor into the assembly line. The two key concept
of TPS such as Jidoka and Just in time.. As the Toyota supply chain management is the
most encompassing, perceptive guide to forgiving as world class supply chain
management system.
P5 The importance and value of operations management in achieving business objectives
The operation management play the vital role in the company to obtain the organizational
target and goals. The Toyota auto mobile company has an effective management system which
handle the operations of the enterprise effectively. Operations management manage the entire
task and activities of the all department of the organization. They can focus on the strategies,
staffing, controlling in the company which is helps to mange effective coordination. There are
different types of importance of the operation's management in the Toyota organization. With the
help importance, they can achieve the goals and business objectives. The different roles and
importance of operations management are given below:
 Capacity management: - There are different types of department in the organization, and
allotted some different task to each and every employees. In order to achieve he
objectives of the company, operation management handle them in very effective ways.
Along with this, this management refers to the effective utilize of the ways and
techniques within the different operation of the company. Moreover, with the help of
capacity management, Toyota organization can achieve the objectives and target of its
business(Miner,2015).
 Control : - One of the important benefit of the operation's management is control the
entire activities in the Toyota auto mobile company. With power of control, they can
control and reduce the risk in the organization. There are different types of conflicts in

the business, but operations management has power to provide the best resolution to the
employees. Moreover, they are preparing the report of the entire management, however
they identify the factors which are required to control.
 Process design: - An organization need to prepare an effective process for making the
good business environment in the company, however operations management can able to
design the effective procedure for the Toyota. They design the different processes for the
different department, so they can use and follow the process according to it.
 Teach other about the procedures: - It is main responsibility of the operation management
that they teach other about the entire process of the company. Other than that, employees
can get the knowledge, information and process from the operation's management.
Transfer to management by enterprise procedure is the learning opportunity for Toyota
company. With the help of learning and understanding the process and information,
employee can achieve their own target and goal. Through this activity, Toyota
organization automatically gets the objectives, target and goal of the business.
 Distribution: - Manger of the operation's management distribute the functions of the
company among the team members and different types of department within the Toyota
with regard to the skills and abilities of the staff. This activity helps in appropriate and
accurate distribution of the work and addition the effectiveness in the organizational
operations(Antonakis and Day,2017).
So any operation's management involves same task of the management irrespective of
what company operates. With the help of effective management in the organization, Toyota can
achieve the target and goal of the business and increase their profitability and revenues of the
enterprise. Operations management is the main part of the Toyota company which is providing
the effective resolution for each and every circumstances or conflict. In the operation's
management their manager can include the planning, controlling, staffing, motivating, directing
and organizing.
P.6 The factors within the business environment that impact upon operational management and
decision-making by leaders and managers.
These factors are as described below -
 Laws and policies – Every organization such as Toyota needs to follow and consider
various laws and regulation imposed by the government on different organization

function within a particular nation or community. These laws are restricted to be
considered while establishing as well as operating a business or organization.
 Resource availability - Another factor influencing the decision making and operational
management is the availability of various important resources such as human resource,
finance, raw material etc.
 Opportunity cost – The opportunity cost refers to the increase in budget for bringing
some innovation or unique element in the organizational operations or activities. This
highly affect the decision making of an organization.
Return on investment – Every organisation thinks or expect some profit out of the investment
made on the business. The profit or return on investment is very important factor that affect the
operational management and decision making, the management of a organisation effectively
plans the expenditure on the production, development and selling of the products considering the
profit that can earned from the same.
CONCLUSION
From the report management and operation it can easily concluded that leader and
manager will be responsible for the effective. The various roles and characteristic of a modern
leader and manager play in the important roles in the organization which will help enhance the
firm betterment and set the correct system of the firm. The first one is to highlight and
visualization of problems and second will help to boost the productivity. The inbound logistic of
the firms is depends on the various supplier which will help to brig the better supply chain
management by delivering the good s and service on the time. There are various factors that
have a great impact on the decision making and operational management of leader as well as
Managers.

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