Outsourcing Decisions and Performance

This assignment examines the critical topic of outsourcing decisions and their associated performance measures. It delves into a comprehensive review of existing research and academic literature on this subject. The aim is to analyze various performance metrics used in evaluating the effectiveness of outsourcing strategies and their impact on organizational success.

MANAGEMENT AND OPERATIONS

Table of Contents
Introduction..............................................................................................................3
Task 1......................................................................................................................3
Difference between leader and manager in perspective of their roles and
characteristics (P1) (LO1) (LO2)..........................................................................3
Management theories applicable to the organization which can support the
growth and their sustainable performance over an organization (P3) (LO1)
(LO2)....................................................................................................................5
Impact of leaders and managers of the selected organizations: .........................8
Task 2......................................................................................................................9
Key approaches of operation management and explanation about the role which
leaders and managers play in an organization (P4) (LO3) (LO4)........................9
Importance of operation management in order to achieve the business
objectives (P5) (LO3) (LO4).................................................................................9
Impact of the factor of business environment over the leaders and managers
operation and decision making policy (P6) (LO3)(LO4).....................................10
Conclusion.............................................................................................................12
Reference List:.......................................................................................................13
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Introduction
This essay is aiming to provide the knowledge regarding the management and leadership. Main
difference between the division of works helps any organization to carry their task in easy way
will be portrayed in this essay. This assignment will choose a organization for give better
explanation regarding the leadership and management functions and the task one has been
completed as the management consultant of the Marks and Spencer and the second task is
illustrating about the general concepts regarding the business environment and the operation
management.
Task 1
Difference between leader and manager in perspective of their roles and characteristics
(P1) (LO1) (LO2)
Introduction about the organization and the management structure of Marks and Spencer:
Marks and Spencer is a public limited company belongs from the retail industry. It is one of the
large multinational retailers of the United Kingdom. This establishment has started their journey
since 1984. Headquarter of this company has situated in the United Kingdom. Founder of this
trading unite is Sir Michael Marks and Thomas Spencer. This company has operating its service
in worldwide context. CEO of this organization is Steve Rowe. As per the record of 2017, this
company's annual operating income is 690.8 million in year. This company is popular among its
stakeholders as M&S (Marksandspencer.com. 2017).
The management structure of the Marks and Spencer is hierarchical. It means The entire
organizational functions has been operated through a top- to down management structure, there
the top level of the structure has been occupied by Chief executive officer and the above the
CEO the Managing director has instruct the e the work of that trading unite. In the hierarchical
structures of the Marks and Spencer after the CEO all, the department wise managers and the
leaders are operating their agendas under the supervision of the CEO. They are responsible either
to lead their team or to give instruction of the work to their fellow work on order to run the
operating service in effective ways. The managers and the leaders are responsible to set the work
procedures as per with the business goals of the organization.
Difference between management and leadership:
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Management and leadership is two different important feature of an organization. It can be
mention that the instructions of managers and leadership of an organization can operate all the
functions (Cai and Yang, 2014). It is such kinds of things by a how a specific team is working
under a supervisor for achieving a specific goal; that goals can be to gain the competitive
advantage or to gain maximum number of profit from the customers. In case of Marks and
Spencer their brand reputation is a big factor for them, as because, they have been delivered the
quality service to the service user and the management of this organization is aiming to provide
such kinds of quality service to the consumers. Brand managers need to take care about this
perspective that there any task cannot ruin the good brand value and to increase or maintain that
value the managers are formulate their strategies as per that choice. Leaders are responsible to
doing the assign task not only in more qualitative way but also by maintaining the service
quality. Management of Marks and Spencer has been segregated in various departments for
operating the all kinds of organizational tasks in effective way and they maintain the
interdepartmental communication in order to provide the better service to their service users in
more way that is effective (Heizer, 2016). The interdepartmental communication strategies help
this organization to abide all kinds of error related with the organizational goals.
Role of an leader and manager applicable to the different organizational situation (P2)
(LO1) (LO2)
There is a fine line of difference between the leader and the managers. Leaders who are directly
communicate with the sub- divisional workers, who are works as a machine for the company for
more production. In that perspective, it is important to keep motivated those employees to
complete their task with best of their effort (Jacobs et al. 2017). Here the selected organization is
the Marks and Spencer and for compare with different organizational situation here the most
prominent competitor of this brand is the Tesco. Now how the leaders and the managers of this
two organizations will play their role in positive and constructive way that need to do discusses
as per the various organizational situation in different time.
An organization is going through various kinds of situation during their operating functions; in
that case, it is a prime task for both the managers and the leaders to hold the quality of works in
crisis also. There are different kinds of task of an organization which will need to take in special
concern in various kinds of working agendas., Such like the strategies of formulating a proper
budget and the to formulate the segregates during the time of negotiation with the Investors are
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different, this task has performed by the managers of the different department. In that
perspectives the team leaders are responsible to instruct their team members as per the assigned
tasks instructed by the management of the organizations. Some situation like the crisis
management the management of the organization need to build strategies, which in one side
helps the organization to cope up from those negative situations simultaneously that task, will
help this organization to maintain or enhance the brand value. The Marks and Spencer and the
Tesco both are the giant company in retail industry and both of them are formulate the safe
strategies by assessing the internal and external environment of their organization,
This initiatives have facilitates both the organizations till date and as a result these two
organization has gain the strong brand value among its customers and get the competitive
advantage. The reason behind this success is their effective management process by both the
organization simultaneously their interdepartmental communication among each department
helps them to build a concretes strategies for overall the organization.
In separately the role of the managers in that condition were to assess the audience feedback as
per that build the strategies to combat those negative situations. This role of the mangers is
changes in the context of dealing with the investors during making MOU with company and also
the strategies are changed during the time of lower ranked employee management. In that
context the leaders are play, a crucial role to convey the messages to the lower ranked employee
about the agendas of working that what tactics they need to adopt for the above mentioned
situations.
Management theories applicable to the organization which can support the growth and
their sustainable performance over an organization (P3) (LO1) (LO2)
Different kinds of management theories are applied for the organizational function of the Marks
and Spencer based over the different kinds of organizational situations. The below mentioned
theories are the standard theories which will finely elaborate the organizations functions of the
selected organization.
Situational leadership: Situational theory provides information about the essence of such
concept of the managerial functions and the skills of leadership, which generally changes in
different situation (Khan and Quaddus, 2015). This theory is portraying that there are no such
standard theories for adoption for an organization. The role of the organization are changed as
per the situation occurred in the organizational system. There are many factors, which influence
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the internal and external environments of an organization. Depending on them, the function of
the leaders and management is changed to meet the organizational goals in specific ways. This
theory is best describes the functions of the managers and the leaders to achieve the sustainable
development; moreover the situational theory suggests that the leaders and managers need to
adopt situational based theories for their organizational growth.
Figure1: Situational Theory
(Source: Laudon and Laudon, 2016)
System leadership:
System leadership is such a kind of leadership style, which drives a leader to first asses the most
dominant problems related with the organizational goals and other kind of malfunctions. In that
context, they select such kind of strategies that is not followed by the previous leader. Adopting
that strategies the overall organization to cope up from the negative situation and fix those issues
to earn a highest numbers of productivity. The leadership theory assist an organization to
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exercise such kind of activities which will glorify the name of the organization by providing a
quality service to the service users.
Figure 2: System Leadership
(Source : Peppard and Ward, 2016)
Contingency leadership:
The Contingency theory is such a kind of management theory which gives any organization to
assess the internal and external environment before formulate any kind of strategies. In simple
sentence, it can be stated that the managers and the leaders are needed to take the sanctions
against any odd task based on the occurred situation in the organization. In every organization
there are numerous internal and external factors which put impact over the agendas of the
companies operational task that type of factors are need to be asses before formulating the
strategies to gain the best result for the organization.
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Figure 3: Contingency theory
(Source: Prajogo, 2016)
Impact of leaders and managers of the selected organizations:
The above-mentioned theories are helpful for any organization to fulfill the task related with the
organization goals. In the Marks and Spencer, organization the leaders are exercised these
theories on different situations,
The leaders and managers have fulfilled SMART goals of the organization in effective ways till
present time, which make them as one of the giant companies of the retail industry.
Recommendation for future improvements:
A recommendation it can be suggested to the Marks and Spencer for their future functions are:
 They can emphasize on the market research to know about the rival companies strategies
and dome coffers to the customer
 As because the desire of their customers are changed day by day as because of mass
culture, so to grab the competitive advantage the M&S need to know the customer
demand with more activities by arranging surveys over the.
 To avail themselves in all kinds of social networking sites to catch the potential
customers in their domain
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 To give training to the lower ranked employees in that way by the HR managers by how
they understand the importance of the brand value of M&S.
Task 2
Key approaches of operation management and explanation about the role which leaders
and managers play in an organization (P4) (LO3) (LO4)
The key approach to perform the operation management brings the success for an organization.
In order to managing, a firm an effective management process of operations needs to perform.
There are many appraisers for an organization to operate their functional process. In order to
maximize the profit of the organization they need to exercise to transform the resources into
service and product (Slack, 2015). The operation of a company has managed by the leaders and
managers in order to earn the high level of efficiency by utilizing the all-available source of an
organization.
Process of product outcomes
Product outcomes is the process to get the new services or company output which
represent in the market for earning customer attraction and sales revenue. It provides greater
value in terms of providing the better opportunity and growth. Product outcome process includes
various activities such as process goals, product goals and so on to get the product outcome or
problem solution
A Process Goal : In the first process company define its problem or need of new product. So
that, company get new better opportunity for the better objectives and focus on further activities.
Product goals : it is the another process to define new goals and objectives to make better
opportunity and growth. Under this step company requires best or better opportunity goals to set
the product process.
Training : another process is that to trained employees and make them aware about the
importance of new product outcomes.
Greater consistency : Better opportunity and growth is the better way to accomplish the
objectives and target market plans. It is the final outcome goals which is more consistency
between subcontractor as measured through some processes.
Role of manager in operational approaches
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Manager plays a very crucial role in order to implement the overall process of working. It
gives new better opportunity to fulfill the better opportunity and growth. It also helps to bring
new better opportunity and growth to fulfill the company objectives and goals. Among all over
the world it also helps to discoverer the new management skills for the organization. It will be
more grateful events which discover new effective and challenging better opportunity or growth.
It will be more grateful and productive for the organization. Manager manages the work be more
grateful and productive for the organization.
Importance of operation management in order to achieve the business objectives (P5)
(LO3) (LO4)
Introduction of the key operations of Marks and Spencer:
Marks and Spencer are consistently doing their tasks as per their organizational goals and
consumer demands. There are mainly dealing their service in retail sector in worldwide context.
They are offering different kinds of street guess to offer their service to the consumers. This
company specializes in the selling of fashionable clothing for different age group of people and
most user friendly and luxury home products also available in marks and Spencer stores. They
are also offers readymade food items to their service users. The leaders and the managers of this
trading unit perform all these key operations (Marksandspencer.com. (2017). The marks and
Spencer are very much conscious about the operations management which facilities them to
maintain their strong brand value.
Importance of operation management for achieving the business objectives: In this context
the prime role of the managers and the leaders are segregated to achieve the best outputs from
their operations. The marketing manager of this group needs to arrange in depth market analysis
that affected the growth of this organization by increasing the productivity level. In this retail
company, couple of numbers of managers is responsible to do their assign task, such as for the
sales department there has appointed the sales manager and for supervising the marketing area
marketing managers are assigned to collect marketing related information to strengthen the
marketing process. Now if the focus has shifted to other works of the leaders then it can be seen
that under the managers there are leader who are tireless giving their effort to achieve the
business goals through their effective team member. One of the non- economization factor is to
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keep motivating the staff to extracts their resources for the organizational benefit; this task
generally done by the leaders. Leaders can take different leadership style as per the
organizational need and based on the present situation of the organization, As because it is a well
renowned company they are trying impact the purchasing behaviors of their rival industries
customers. This initiatives because easy if they are focusing on the potential customers.
Moreover, this company can create the consumerism among their all kind of external
stakeholders. These initiatives can be possible by offering different kinds of products to the
customers. Day by day, the need of the people has increasing because of the thier economical
and societal advancement (Yusuf et al. 2014). In this context innovative products can be offered
by this establishments which in one side satisfy the emerging desire of the consumers and can
helpfully for the growth of the establishments. This activities need to be taken on the mainstream
operation of an organization after consulting with each kinds of heirs authority of this company.
In order to achieve the business objectives the managers and the leaders need to take proper
techniques for managing the operations' system of this organization.
Planning: operation management helps in planning which makes better objectives and
target market goals. Operation management goals makes the process easier and provides better
resources of planning goals.
Organizing: it also helps in organizing function to operate every things and set them into
the best approachable manner. It gives better objectives and plans to make better objectives and
plans.
Controlling: Operation management also helps in operation management plans.
Moreover, it will be the better performance and target market goals. It gives new services or
growth. Operation management will also help to control the certain activities' performance in
order to get the best productive goals.
Impact of the factor of business environment over the leaders and managers operation and
decision making policy (P6) (LO3)(LO4)
There are numerous internal and external factors, which affect the business environments;
therefore, it is an obvious matter that the managers and the leaders need to analyze those internal
external factors before formulates any strategies. Some of the external factors that need to take
ion concern by the management of the Marks and Spencer are mentioned below:
Political factor:
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The political situation of an area affected the business function, the present condition of an area
need to be analyzed before finalize any plans for achieve the business objectives.
Economical factor:
This factor depicts about status of the people or the service users in economic perspective.
Things need to take in concern because the organization will produce some product and the
people of cannot consume that that area is caused the low revenue earning and sometimes it
forces that organization to experience loss account.
Social factor: Societal structure is also an anther area for take in concern by the
management of the organization. Because producing such kinds of product, which are not
matched with societal belief and practice of that area will totally ruin the production with huge
economical loss.
Technological factor: Now a day’s internal operation management to communicate with
the service user everywhere technologies advancement is requires. Therefore, the area where
they are operating their service need be technologically advanced.
Legal factor: Legal factor also take into consideration, such like the taxation amount and
other procedures to run the business, whether that all are effective and favorable for that
organization or not need to be understand by the authority of that organization.
Environmental factor: Environmental factor requires to asses because of assume about
the natural resources of that area. How the factory will run by omitting all kinds of garbage and
wastage, is there sufficient amount of water is present or not; this things are very important to
run the organizational functions. Other environmental factors are the situation of the nature. It
means according to the CSR law an organization need to such thing which will benefited the
society from where they belong. This part is associated with the sustainable development
approach.
All the above-mentioned external d\factors are affect the decision and the strategies regarding
the organizational growth. During the time of decision making these external factors need to take
in concern in serious note otherwise the business objective met will be hard to matched in
specific time.
Corporate social responsibility: Corporate social responsibility is the major goals of the
organization which requires to be done in proper manner. It is the responsibility of the manager
to take care the needs and wants of the organization
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Business ethics: Business ethics is must for every organization to adopt in the best possible
manner. Business ethics explains the business activities. Business ethics provides guidance and
better opportunity in order to work in more efficient manner.
Stakeholders: Stakeholders are the major affecting market goals which affect company structure
in more effective manner. Along with that, it is very much required for the organization to fulfill
the all needs of the organization.
Recommendation and Conclusion
As a recommendation of this entire assignment, it can be suggested tart:
 The Marks and Spencer need to give training to their entire working employees
regarding heir achieved brand reputation
 The team leader responsibility is to earn the trust of the term member and make them
understand about the working procedure with matched the quality of the organization
 They need to incorporate more strategies to bring the digital communication process on
their message delivery system
 The Hr department of this organization need to understand the possible ways of
extracting the resources of the candidate
 The requirement process should be more filtered by how they disabled candidate can be
appointed
 Randomly assesses the consumers demand to hold their advantages from competitive
arena; this process cab dime by assessing their feedback loop.
Conclusion
As a conclusion of the entire report, it can be concluded that this essay will provide the dictions
among the leaders and managers roles over a chosen organization. In the entire essay what are
the factors create an important role during the time of strategies formulated have depicted here
with the support of magnet theory. The leaders and managers are two different pillar of an
organization to carry forward every task associated with the organizational functions. As a
suggestion as the hypothetical management consultant the inter-department communication
process need to be evaluated and this aspects applicable for the communicative process to the
external stakeholders. This report can be essential for t5he management of the Marks and
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Spencer simultaneously it well facilitated the future researcher of this small fields of
management studies.
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