Optimal Operation Management in Microgrids

The assignment delves into the critical field of microgrid operation management. It examines diverse operational strategies aimed at optimizing the performance of microgrids, taking into account key aspects such as renewable energy integration, energy storage systems, and seamless grid connection. The focus lies on identifying methods to enhance the efficiency, reliability, and sustainability of microgrid operations.

Management and operations

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
TASK1.............................................................................................................................................3
P1. Defining and comparing different role and characteristics of leader and manager .............3
P2 Application of roles of leader and functions of manager in different situations...................6
P3. Applications of different theories and models of leadership approach.................................8
TASK2.............................................................................................................................................8
P4 Key approaches to operations management and role of leader and manager........................8
P5. Importance and value of operation management in achieving business objectives ...........10
P6 Factors within Business environment that affect operational management and decision....11
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................13
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................14

INTRODUCTION
Management and operation are the important component that are very essential for all
over governance and conducting of business. Further, the function and component covered under
it are highly vital for the growth and development of business (Botton , Cavalletto and Marmeggi
,2013). Their are different task and goals which has been undertaken in order to accomplished
the objectives of company and under operation process various methods and techniques has been
used for converting raw material into finished products in order to delivered it to the final
consumers. Under this assignment the company which is preferred i.e. Toyota Plc. Which is UK
based organisation responsible for marketing, sales and maintain long term customer relationship
because of providing after sale services and world largest auto-mobile manufacturer with market
capitalisation which is more than General motors, ford, Daimler Chrysler and Honda. Further
project discuss about the defining and comparing different roles and characteristics of leader and
manager, different theories and models of leadership, Importance and value of operation
management and factors that affecting business environment.
TASK1
P1. Defining and comparing different role and characteristics of leader and manager
Their are different kind of activities and operations which are being controlled and
managed by higher authority of business in such an manner that allow organisation to attained
such actual performance which has been decided during the planning made in respect of standard
performance (Bouvy and et. al. ,2012). Management has to formulate different strategies and
tactics according to vision and mission of company that help in betting all the challenges of
external rivalry. In respect to Toyota company having large manufacturing chain so in order to
maintain the performance of employees leaders of Toyota Plc. Uses different factors of
motivation that will help in enhancing the overall performance and productivity of workforce in
most effective and efficient manner.
According to Rani and Moreira ,2010 it is very important for every workforce to manage
each and every task of organisation in better and appropriate manner that will help in achieving
long term objectives in most suitable manner.
According to Ruiz-Alvarez and et. al. ,2012 it has been analysed that company need to
uses different source of motivation and effective communication that allow worker to understand

about all over techniques and mechanism on the basis of such guidance and directions they easily
accomplish all the task and objectives in most efficient manner.
Along with that, there are different functions of management that need to be considered which
stated below:- Planning:- It is the first function of management in which all the plans and programmes
are decided in advance on the basis of which entire work of organisation is carried out in
effective manner. This function allow workforce regarding the clear understanding about
the authority and financial performance of business. Organising:- After planning next function of management is to organising all over
operations of business (Burke ,2013). Further, it ensure that all the activities related to
delegating the duties and responsibilities among staff members so that no confusion has
been arises regarding to whom individual has to report to whom after accomplishing of
particular targets. Staffing:- Third function of management under which HR manager uses different source
of recruitment in order to filling the vacant job position in order to satisfy the needs of
empty spaces. Further training development programmes has been organised in order to
trained the employees with latest technologies and gadgets that help them in fulfilling
recent demand of target audiences. Coordinating:- It is very essential for company to maintain coordination and cooperation
among different activities of operations. Further, it is important for leaders to ensure that
harmony and peace between employer and employees always established that help in
reducing all the clashes and conflicts coming in organisation.
Mintzberg's managerial roles
Different roles has been played by manger in organisation to carry out all the operation of
business in effective manner which discussed below:- Interpersonal roles:- under this method it is vital for managers to accomplish their work
in stated time period without any confusion and errors. This also help in motivating the
morale of employees because they are highly appreciated for their good work and also
facilitates effective interactions with one another. Different kinds of tools used under it
are meeting, emails and many more things.

 Informational roles:- it is an utmost duty of leader to communicate all the information
related to daily changes that made in the organisation structure and working style of
company. Apart from it, this will help in understanding skills and abilities of employee
because leader easily analyse how effective individual retain their knowledge on the basis
of following this procedures systematically allow company to beat all challenges of
rivalry and earn the profits in effective manner.
 Decisional roles:- Company comprises of large employee group are always adopt
democratic style in their organisation structure in which they involves each level of
department to take active participation in decision-making of organisation. Further
management fixed in advance at what level each department has to accomplish their task
that leads to higher productivity and efficiency.
Apart from it difference between leader and manager are described below:-
Manager Leader
Manager mainly focuses on the present
situation of business and wants stability in all
over operations.
Leaders are inspiring personality who regulate
their work considering all the future elements
of business in other order they are future
oriented.
Manager main objective is to manage daily
operation of business on the basis of which
they made their short term policies.
They are born to fulfil their long term vision
which they accomplished through their
leadership qualities and efficiency.
They generally ask at what manner activity
start and how these activities accomplish.
They ask for why and what philosophy.
Their main aim to maintain control in the
performance of employees and instruct them
that at what manner they regulate their working
through adherence of corporate ethical and
legal laws.
Leader delegate their duties and
responsibilities to their subordinate so they feel
their importance in organisation which lead to
higher performance.
There are many characteristics and features which are interlinked with manager and leader of
company which are stated below:-

 It is very important for both of them to be more passionate and optimistic at the time of
attaining task so that higher performance achieved.
 To maintain politeness and cohesiveness among employees that leads to better positivity
and effectiveness in corporate environment.
 Ability to handle all the complex procedures and issues which act as hurdle in overall
operation of business.
Therefore, it is very mandatory for both manager and leader to maintain effective communication
that allow them to understand all the environment changes related to technology, digitalisation
and different techniques that make the whole working style more easy and convenient. Further
use of different motivational theories and concept that help in advancing career of individuals.
Different qualities that must be exit in both of them are described below:- Good listener:- It is the foremost quality that present in both of them I.e. try to listen
carefully all the opinion, viewpoints and issues of workforce so that they give them
further direction by finding final conclusion in effective manner. This will help in
boosting up the morale and enthusiasm among employees because of finding better ways
of solutions. Define the problems and get rid of it:- Under this they need to listen all the issues and
problems that affect the working performance of employees and find the rational solution
to overcome from such problems (Cheng and et. al. ,2012). For example in Toyota a
auto-mobile sector where huge problem of customers are arises related to car model,
features, price and techniques used under it. Therefore, it is essential for manager to
formulate such strong strategies and tactics that prepare all workforce to sort out all the
difficulties of clients.
 Put the people in charge:- Many leaders in organisation who have some responsibilities
and duties towards their employees which help in developing interest within the work and
accomplish it within in specified time period.
P2 Application of roles of leader and functions of manager in different situations
Various kind of organisation like Toyota Plc. In which leader and manager are more
professional and experienced know about the recent trends arises in market on the basis of which
they formulate strategies in order to achieve goals and objectives of organisation that lead to
growth and development of business. Their are different decision that need to be consider in

order to availing the benefits for getting better outcomes in future. Hence, there are many
situations where both the leader and manger played an essential role which described below:- Delegation of authority:- In every organisation it is very complex task to take the
decision of all level of management so strategic level delegate the authority among
different managers and leaders who take care regarding the performance of employees.
Further different strategies and policies has been established in order to induce staff for
active participation that improve their ability and skills of doing job and different legal
laws and regulations that need to applied within workforce. Rational decision making:- Toyota Plc. Is one the successful organisation in auto-
mobile sector who known for their standard quality and the company manager has to
taken different decision in respect of production and supply of cars in all over the world.
Further they invented just in time technique that allow organisation to complete all the
procedures in effective time manner and reduce the cost of inventory (Gholmieh ,
Mohanty and Zhang , Qualcomm Inc, 2012). Apart from it, this will help in increasing
the market share and profitability of business which allows them to sustain in the external
market for longer period of time. Employee engagement:- Every organisation touch the height of success only when all the
employees agree to mutually work for common objective. Further, there are many
situation where the team work is important without which task cannot be accomplished.
Therefore it is duty of leader and manager to establish such type of positive environment
that help in engaging actively all the employees for accomplishing all the goals and
objective in most effective manner. Therefore, Toyota really wants such environment that
promote team work.
 Training and development:- In auto-mobile sector different types of innovation are
coming in form of techniques, methods, manufacturing function and designing such types
of machines which allow organisation to design such model which attract customers at
most effective manner.
Their are different issues and problems along with their suggestions regarding every problems of
staff members that need to be sorted out by manager of Toyota to maintain retention of
employees in workforce.

P3. Applications of different theories and models of leadership approach
In every organisation there are different types of models and approaches of leadership which are
used in enhancing employee performance. In relation to Toyota Plc. Their are different types of
theories which need to be consider are stated below:- Situational leadership theory:- this type of theory is generally used in managing all the
changes coming in environment to meet all the challenges of dynamic environment. In
Toyota organisation there are different types of leadership styles that used for attaining
growth and development. Therefore it has been observed that leader utilise this approach
according to the situation of external environment so they beat all the challenges of
macro environment. Contingency leadership theory:- This type of approach used in organisation in order to
cope up with complex situations. It is basically concerned with styles and situations and
effectively matching with the leaders and situations. Under this case the success of leader
wholly depend upon the contingency circumstance and coordination of subordinates,
employees in performing task (Kang ,2010). In aspect of Toyota working style is affected
by all the changes coming in external environment and they have to manage their
operational activities according to it in appropriate manner. System leadership theory:- This theory fully clarify all the thoughts related to the
complexity that arises in organisation due to dynamic environmental structure in which
different ideas and framework has been established to tackle all the adverse situations
arises in organisation. Result coming from different things can be applied to various
situation for gaining competitive advantages.
 Management by objectives:- This approaches is given by Peter ducker in 1955 in which
whatever the objectives company decided must be communicate to every workforce and
after that fixed the time duration within which it can be accomplished and then take the
feedback of employees regarding overall evaluation of operations. Most effective
approach for enhance effectiveness among employees.
TASK2
P4 Key approaches to operations management and role of leader and manager
In every organisation in order to update employees with all the dynamic changes and
recent technological development Toyota Plc. Need to organise systematic training development

programmes where they can give the knowledge and updation regarding all the innovative
working practices used in auto-mobile sector in order to provide higher level of satisfaction to
customers (Kumar and Chandrakar ,2012). Different methods used by Toyota Plc. For managing
operations are described below:- Six Sigma:- One of the innovative method that has been used in organisation in order to
maintain the standard quality of products and services that facilitate best services to
customers. This will help in maintaining long term relationship and trust among
customers which is helpful in increasing profitability and market share of company. Total quality management:- Generally in auto-mobile sector in order to maintain the
sustainability for longer period of time company always try to add some innovative
features in their upcoming models that help in maintaining quality along with services
provided that helpful in gaining competitive advantages and establish long term
relationship with target audiences. If Toyota PLC. Use this technique that maintain their
brand image and goodwill. Lean production:- This techniques is very important for designing, implementing and
developing new product and services in market. By utilising this kind of element in
organisation various sources has been used for reducing all the wastage of resources and
increasing productivity. Continuous improvement:- there is no organisation in whole world that carry out their
operation management in perfect manner without any faults and errors. Therefore, it is
essential for every business sector to make continuous improvement in their organisation
structure. Different kind of policies and strategies has been made by manager that help in
enhancing performance of employees. Toyota Inc. must conduct survey in which they
easily get the feedback from all customers regarding all the modification they need to
make in their working system in order to launching more innovative products.
 Just in time:- this technique is developed by Toyota company in which their main motive
is to provided high quality of after sales services that help in eliminating all the
complaints of target audiences which also helpful in maintaining brand image and
goodwill of company.

Figure:- Just in time Source:- JIT, 2018
Role of leaders and managers of Toyota in operation management
Toyota one of the famous company which have no stranger to operation management and
company is planning to coming up with manufacturing strategies known as toyotaism. Operation
manager plays an utmost role in order to effectively utilised all the resources by producing
standard output with sustainable quality that help in increasing profits and reducing cost of
company (Li, X. and Jiang ,2011). They are wholly responsible for product creation,
development and distribution which is commonly known product service management. Further
company using just in time concept whose main objective is to maintaining stock of inventory
and operational excellence through Toyota production system. Their are different task and
operation which performed by employer and managers using their skills and capabilities along
with their experiences that help in attaining desired goals and objectives in efficient manner.
P5. Importance and value of operation management in achieving business objectives
In every organisation all the operational activities performed by manager and leaders in
better and effective manner. Their are different kinds of function performed by management like
planning, organising, leading, controlling and coordination in proper manner (Lind ,2013).
Under this main task of company is to transfer raw material into finished products and services

along with effective utilisation of resources. Significance of operation management are discussed
below:- Profit maximisation:- the most important task of operation management is to enhance the
overall profit of organisation by utilising all the resources in most effective and efficient
manner and also give Toyota Plc. appropriate training development activities in order to
attaining overall objectives and enhance the profits in huge manner. Optimum utilisation of resources:- Toyota company consist of different kinds of
resources which are used in planned manner so that higher productivity can be gained
from the employees which leads to high quality of goods and services along with
maximising sales. Brand equity:- every company successfully run their business for long term purpose
only when they are able to providing high quality of services with innovative features in
their products. For example Toyota Plc. Is know for providing safety comforts and best
design in cars at affordable price. Famous model of company are 2000 tundra first full
size truck challenging Americans in term of profit and volumes, 1992 Camry whose
interior is more comfortable and brilliant appliances. This all help in retaining brand
image and goodwill along with huge market share. Control and distribution system:- Toyota company having an efficient and effective
logistic system. Its main vision is provide high quality of services for their customer at
global level For example just in time one of the important technique used under it in
order to delivered the services at best quality to customers at defined stated time period.
Toyota production system raise demand for similar processes for their logistics
management whenever they take place in organisation and JIT tools is used for
controlling cost and inventory of production. Logistics and inventory management:- Every organisation earn profits and enhance
market share through proper distribution and manufacturing of business. Company
logistics management is one the important evaluation that convert part of its network.
TEMA handle all logistics management through proper planning, coordination of
logistics function including route engineering.
 Process design:- Toyota mainly work on five process in which step related to concept
making in which idea has been created related to design of cars has been established

(Mendis , Muttaqi and Perera ,2014). Second step related to idea development in which
digital modellers has used in order to transform a designer image into something
approachable reality, third step related to colour development in which colour
coordination has been used for designing process and next step is mock up where creation
of three dimensional modern clay model require extensive input from designer and last
step is design hall in which each model has been examined in every conditions which is
close to natural lights on rainy days or nights.
P6 Factors within Business environment that affect operational management and decision
There are different factors and element of environment that need to be consider in overall
operations of business discuss below:-
Internal factors:- These are micro factor of environment within which organisation has full
control and it is subdivided into following parts:- Shareholders:- These are most important party to organisation which invest money in
overall operation of business which facilities long sustainability and higher productivity
in whole business of organisation. CSR activities:- Corporate social responsibility is one the one important term which must
be included in vision of company apart from profit earning. In other word CSR means
doing something good for society for their welfare and upliftment. In company law
certain regulation has been made in which certain limit has been fixed based on overall
turnover of company (Mohammadi and et. al. ,2013). The main objective is to develop
economy and enhance goodwill of company.
External factors:- These are consider as macro factor of organisation within which organisation
has no control and they are changed according to customer demand and wants. Economic factors:- Their are different factors of economy that influence Toyota's
organisation development. Various favourable and unfavourable situations in macro
environment affect their working that include weaker Yen versus US dollar, slower
growth of developing countries all are the opportunities to grow its business in US market
and also improve their revenue. Social factors:- there are different socio cultural factor that affect the demand and supply
of Toyota cars which include increase in interest rate of hybrid and electric cars treat as
opportunities by providing more products that satisfy customers demand and widening

wealth gap act as threats in increasing gap between middle and higher class people in
society. Technological factors:- In dynamic external environment different changes has been
made in the form of technology and digitalisation which increase the demand and wants
of customers so in order to maintain sustainability in auto-mobile sector Toyota must rise
the use of e-commerce in which they provide services to third party and also increase
their mobile apps for increasing customer base and establish long term relationship but
due to increase in fraudulent activities cybercrime act as threats in which all the
technological security measures are viral.
 Legal factors:- Different types of legal regulations and complex laws enforced by
government which the Toyota company has to compile at the time of expanding their
business at global level (Parisio and Glielmo ,2013). Laws related to intellectual property
right, environmental rules must be followed.
Following are the advantages and disadvantages of CSR activities are discussed below:-
Advantages Disadvantages
 Main benefits is to increase the
goodwill and brand image of company
at corporate level.
 Both production and logistics cost of
organisation is high.
 Helpful in retaining and establishing
long term relationship with professional
employees.
 Sometime CSR activity done by
company affect society negatively
which damage their brand image also.
 At the time of using marketing
promotional tools in which different
medium used like advertising in which
social message has been given through
their products.
 If CSR activities has been increased in
day by day operations will enhance cost
of services also.
CONCLUSION
It has been concluded from whole assignment that both leader and manager plays vital
role in conducting overall operation management in effective manner. Different theories and

techniques has been adopted by Toyota Plc. For attaining their future goals and objectives in
efficient manner.

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