Management and Operations: Roles and Characteristics of a Leader and Manager

This report discusses the roles and characteristics of a modern leader and a manager in the field of management and operations. It explores the importance of leadership and management in different situations and provides an overview of various theories and models in approach. The report also highlights the key approaches to operations management and the role that leaders and managers play in ensuring effective and efficient operations.

Management and Operations

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1 ...........................................................................................................................................1
P1) Defining and comparing different roles and characteristics of a modern leader and a
manager ......................................................................................................................................1
P2) Role of a leader and the function of a manager applied in different situations....................4
P3) Different theories and models in approach ..........................................................................5
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................6
P4)Key approaches to operations management and role that leaders and managers play..........6
P5 Importance of operations management in achieving business objectives.............................8
P6) Impact of internal factors upon operational management and decision making................10
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................11
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................12

INTRODUCTION
This report is based on operations and management which can be defined as planning and
controlling of all activities and tasks of manufacturing in an organisation. It is important to make
surety of effectiveness and efficiency in aspects of whole production system. The represent
assignment is based upon Toyota Motor Corporation is a company which is world's largest
automotive manufacturer having around 964,445 employees globally. It is fifth largest company
by its revenue in the world. It have an efficiency of producing 10 million of vehicles per year. It
was founded in 28 august, 1937 that means almost 80 years ago and founder is Kiichiro Toyota.
The operational management should be very effective to run an organisation successfully (Tayur,
Ganeshan and Magazine, 2012). This report will be described about roles and features
comparatively and how they will help in different situations. It will also covers the several
models and approaches of leadership which are useful to motivate employees by providing them
different opportunities of growth. The managers have a task to design certain visions having
foundations but leaders work beyond limits with free minds focussing on professional as well as
personal career achievements. This will also includes use of key approaches and roles of
manager in different scenarios.
TASK 1
P1) Defining and comparing different roles and characteristics of a modern leader and a manager
Leader: He can be defined as one who improves the value of shareholders in business.
Leaders have the capability to make and execute effective strategies to make vision and mission
more successful. An efficient leader can solve issues easily and manipulate them into beneficial
way.
Roles of a leader Formulate winning strategies: They are able to make that much effective policies and
modifications by which the firm can easily fulfil their tasks to gain more profit as
compared to assumptions and this will become inspirational factor due to which people
want to follow their leader for a long time (Ham, Hitomi and Yoshida, 2012). A leader
thinks about making better profits as well as tries to make manpower more capable to
work which provides growth in their professional and personal life both.
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 Monitor results and make adjustments: When the issues and problems arise at particular
time of execution, then a leader needs to solve them all at a time by doing probable
adjustments or modifications to achieve desired output to make sure that all activities and
processes are running systematically avoiding imperfections to gain output (Moutinho,
2011). They will never become blind to creative ideas and techniques going to be applied
which may build issues and if it may happened then always ready to solve all probable
problems.
 Build organisational capabilities: The effective leaders are dealing with both short and
long term goals respectively. They prefer to do survey primarily of market scenario and
client's needs or wants to make assumptions of future profits.
 They do research and make strategies to implement them systematically to earn desired
profits and benefits (Ravindran, 2016). A leader will also think about building the overall
organisation's management, competencies and leadership talents by investing their
efforts, time and money for same.
Characteristics of a leader Innovative mind:- A leader works as an innovator and proactive person. Encouragement :- It plays an important role to motivate employees. Inspiration model:- People follow them because of their efficient qualities so they can
seems to be role model of them. Healthy relation:- They try to boost up interpersonal skills in organisation. Appraisal:- They provides credit of profits and benefits to their staff for their efforts as
rewards and bonuses.
 Overcome mistakes:- A leader always prefer a positive punishment so that an employee
will not repeat its mistake and perform better.
Manager: They need to set vision and mission as well as guide their sub-ordinates in a
particular direction to attain the same. They need to allocate tasks and responsibilities as well as
motivate employees by communicating with them to share all information regarding work and
success of mission set by the manager. They have basic skills of planning, organising, directing,
coordinating and controlling.
Roles of a manager
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 Performance management: This can be defined as measurement of performance to
identify mistakes and performance appraisal in different situations as well as allocation
of activities will be done correctly in future to avoid issues. (Brownandetal, 2013). They
need to make desired standard of performance and then calculate actual one to do
comparison because it helps to identify mistakes to solve them and make compensation
according to output. Setting Overall Direction: They have to make suitable and effective strategies as well as
policies to achieve the set goals, objectives, mission and vision. They need to think a lot
about scenario, change of priorities, right time of implementation as well as their team
members to fulfil the responsibilities by making final decisions with assurance of
success. Being Important and Supportive: Being a manager, a person needs to build its own style
of work and making strategies to forecast the requirements as well to solve problems
efficiently in a better way (Pinto, 2015). They can order sub-ordinates to put all efforts in
single direction and behave like supporter when .They can convince their team by
motivating them through their unique or different tools and techniques of working which
includes better profit as well as less stress.
 Manage Resources and Improve quality: The managers have to make sure about
optimum utilisation of resources as in case of raw material, manpower and money.
Remaining resources can be used more effectively where required (Wuand and Pagell,
2011). To have an improved quality and features of product, it is not necessary to invest
high amount of capital or money but it can be done by managing the current applied
money more effectively to achieve more profit and number of customers with same
investment.
Characteristics of a manager Data focussed:- They make their focus towards the explained information about scenario
and then control situations. Rewards and punishments:- They give rewards according to output render by employees
and punished negatively for which people get demoralised sometimes. Follow professionalism:- They are less efficient to make interpersonal skills.
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 Reactive personality:- They take action in every situation as well as react on issues and
problems. Work in limitations:- A manager will work according to efficiency bearing by
organisation and never take risks.
 Follow rules:- They are not able to go belong the limits of company regarding rules,
regulations and policies.
P2) Role of a leader and the function of a manager applied in different situations
The role of leader and function of manager have their own importance but in several
situations both are accepted. The leader has an ability of bearing risks and a manager has to
avoid risks regarding policies and rules of firm (Naphadeandetal, 2011). The managers have a
responsibility to set goals and objectives so that leader will make effective strategies by
researching about situations of market and customer preferences. Some scenarios are given as
below: Decision making: This indicates that a leader has role to find out criteria which can be
applied in firm to attain goals and objectives in a better way which are set by the manager
regarding profits and benefits of company (Ageron, Gunasekaran and Spalanzani, 2012).
All the tasks and activities to be done are identified or created by manager and allocation
of same will be done by leader to provide information about tools and techniques that
will be used to make performance more effective and achieve desired outputs of
company. Strategies and Policies: It is needed for organisations to be in trend regarding its
products as well as way of working or tools and techniques which are using by
employees. This is necessary for the implementation or modification of new strategies
and policies to make products or services better to attract new clients as well as retain
current ones with becoming a strong competitor in market. By making efforts to be in
trends have many benefits as it makes the brand more strong, improve goodwill and gain
customer's preference. Problem Solving: A manager have to do efforts in limits as they are bounded to rules so
that they try to avoid issues and problems as they will make their decisions by ensuring
output and pre-planned about threats which are needed to be solve easily in future. But a
leader always bears risk and tries to modify steps and processes by making some specific
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strategies for a particular goal to achieve effective and efficient output. If some problems
or threats were raised then a leader has that ability to adjust policies in such a way to
reduce loss from issues as well as direct activities in the right direction by using several
techniques to fulfil set objectives and vision.
 Handling Employees: A manager can put all efforts of workers by using their power
factor of having authority by which their co-workers will have to follow their orders but
in case of a leader. They never try to force employees but build their own personality by
using their different and unique styles of dealing with various situations having issues
and problems. For this quality, people are fond of following their leader and fulfil leader's
expectations. People like their thinking as they try to build more profits as well as
improve career of employees also.
P3) Different theories and models in approach
This aspect deals in area of survey and practical applied skills both which provides
guidance to an employee or company. It will try to think about both individual as well as
organisation's growth which builds an attractive personality regarding satisfaction of employees
as well as company authorities. Leadership considers and implement anything will be always
have positive intentions even regarding punishments (Grantandetal, 2012). They used to prefer
that kind of activities of punishment as they will not get demoralised and try to improve
themselves in case of performance or outputs. A leadership bears several components to be
successful like discipline, power of generating trust factor, Think for employees' growth in
career, create ideas quickly as per requirement, motivational quality to boost up performance of
workers which results to render benefits to people, the leader and to firms. Their command is
always effective, efficient and appropriate so that co-workers will feel happy to follow their
leader regarding instructions and orders to attain desired goals and mission of organisation.
Several theories and models of leadership are effective in various situations and they can be
applied according to the issues as well as policies of firm. Some of them are given as below: Situational Leadership: The leaders have special skills and power to make situation
under control to achieve desired tasks by make employees comfortable to work in a
particular direction effectively and efficiently according to requirement of different
scenarios of company (Starrand, Van and Wassenhove, 2014). This theory helps in
managing or doing adjustments regarding the complications of situation so that people
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can work in every condition to fulfil goals of organisation. They can change their
methods and tools in respect of their current situation to complete assigned tasks and
targets. System Leadership: This refers to put all the activities and processes to set them
systematically in a particular direction by conducting allocation of different tasks or
targets to employees and providing them proper information about the methods,
technologies and techniques need to use for fulfilling the same in proper time period as
per leader's instructions. They always use different and unique methods so that
employees will not get bored and work more efficiently without having stress. The built
such kind of strategies which have long term profits as they are using to build image or
their own and organisation also in front of employees as well as clients which helps in
retaining firm's talent as well as attracts new ones (Su, Li and Fu, 2011). The leaders have
that credit of manipulate the efforts more effectively in different situations in systematic
manner to make achievements of visions and missions.
 Contingency Leadership: This theory is as similar to situational one but the difference is
that performance will be in such a manner to calculate working output of employees. In
such kind of approach, they have to make standards of performance which will be
completed by the workers in a particular time and then it is needed to observe and
measure actual performance to make comparison and then inform about the working
efficiency to employees so that they can boost up their skills and abilities to work in a
better way.
TASK 2
P4)Key approaches to operations management and role that leaders and managers play
Operational management is process which concern with the proper utilization of
resource of the organisation in relevant manner. It aid to increase the productivity of the
organisation with least implementation of resource. The process convert material into final
processed product and services. During manufacturing process it is require effective leadership
which controls the all activities by applying relevant approaches. There are some approaches
which controls the management and operations given below:
Dynamic approach:
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By applying this approach Toyota try to solve the various type of problem by applying
different technique and methods. Basically this method used for completion of assigned task in
short period of time with least acquisition of resources.
System approaches:
This model concerned with the basic rules and regulation which is applied by the higher
level of management of the organisation with consideration of important facts and figures . This
model is very much relevant for creating a typical environment which free from any
discrimination and clarity by implementing strict policy on every employee of the organisation.
Just in time:
This model reveals about the organisation complete their assigned project of
manufacturing cars in specific period of time frame. Originally this a inventory strategy of
Toyota company which minimise the inventory cost in manufacturing of cars. In recent time this
approach is used for reducing time in manufacturing. It is all about the process of order the
material from the supplier when it is needed for the production this approach lead to increase the
efficiency and eliminate the waste of inventory for the effectiveness of organisation.
Total Quality management:
Toyota use this approach to maintain the quality of organisation by implementation of
different type of ideas , strategies , policy to improve the quality of work as well as service
provided by company. Quality is the most important part of the company which either small and
large extent which brings effectiveness and usefulness. The role of mangers in TQM is
implement new and advance technology in manufacturing and other process of production of the
cars it aid continuous change in the production brings the improvement I quality.
Six sigma :
This approach used by Toyota to improve the various process of operation which are
involve in manufacturing which was introduced by Bill Smith and Milky J Harry which was
introduce in approx. 1986. basically this approach is a set of tools and techniques which is use
for produce improved and advance quality of hybrid cars eliminating causes of defects. It is also
helpful in minimising the time of production It also help in minimising the pollution and reduce
the wastage of the product and also satisfy the need of demand of the customer who are very
much fascinating in riding the Toyota cars. The role leader is to create a team support to
completion of task which assigned for stipulated time period. To do the successful enlistment
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and choice process administration need to have the initiative approach and abilities to gain the
viable ground of this capacity and to do the powerful execution administration. Management
need to recognize the quality and shortcomings of the workers and settle on choice to enhance
the abilities of them that builds profitability what prompts achieve the business objectives and
goals. Likewise, administration of Toyota ought to have the initiative abilities to comprehend
the aptitudes hole or the workers crevice that will enable them to make the successful enlistment
to process by selecting the aptitudes and experience individual to work the capacity (Bucks,
2012). Likewise, administration of Toyota ought to have the authority ability to give appropriate
bearing of the work and the arrangement and recognize the parts and obligation of the
representatives to achieve the accomplishment .
P5 Importance of operations management in achieving business objectives
Operational management is necessary for achieving the goals and target of Toyota
Company by applying effective management of operations which are relevant in resolving the
barriers in organisation. It include control staffing control of inventory, proper implementation
of processes in manufacturing and other process . It is accurate and and efficient for controlling
the whole process by delivering actual goods and providing better services at marketplace.
Besides managing all the operation in the enterprises this department have also major
responsibility to develop the whole enterprises through implementation of new technique and
producing new hybrid cars. And explore its business also in other field that is manufacturing of
accessories of cars . Therefore there are numerous reason which include its importance are given
below:
Input into output :
According to the mentioned topic, the most important role of operational management is
controls the supply of raw material into finished product by acquisition of essential resources
such as proper availability of land and buildings, proper utilisation of plant and machinery,
implementation of skilled labour, proper distribution of funds from the invested capitals. Overall
success of of whole company is depend upon the manufacturing of hybrid quality of cars and
providing relevant services to the customers.
Satisfy need of the customers:Operational management of Toyota cars are responsible for the
producing the cars and other product according to the need and taste of the customer. The
consideration of customer preferences are most important, company tries to manufacture the cars
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according to the taste of the customers if any further changes wanted by the customer the
company led to change in cars.
Revenue generated: Profit maximization led to implement new and advancement in technology
of cars by fulfilling the desire of the customer which help to grip the mind set of the customer
increment in selling of cars which helps in increment in revenue of organisation. The
operational management is the most relevant key factor to generate numerous amount of
customer by inventing and implementing new ideas by giving new looks to the cars and
implementing new technology in the cars of the existing design.
Attract the mind of the customers: The cars which are manufactured by this department they are
liable to implement different method of training of their employees for clinching the attraction of
the different customers. The value of operation management lead to increase in production and
also give customer satisfaction. The industries should take care of processes that they
manufacture cars until the existing cars are sold out. Asking feedback is also important part of
operation management it values about the desire of the customer that what they are expecting
from the organisation. The legal division ability of all department led to proper functioning of the
Toyota Company, department, if the operation of the department does not works properly then
the department suffers.
Appropriate use of resources: This is related to department of manufacturing in the department
tries to allocate the necessary resource for the development of the enterprises at international
level. The operational management tries to innovate number of change and regularise the
analysation of taste of customer . This shows the importance of the operational management
which are as follows:
 Fulfil the need and desire of local customer as well as foreign customer taste.
 Maximise the profit of the company.
 Achieve the goals and objectives of the Toyota company in the stipulated time frame.
 Effectively utilisation of available resource.
 Evaluation of implementation of new technology.
For proper execution of all process it tends to control over the quality of cars. Implementation of
proper planning for manufacturing process. It is able to control over the arrangement of
procedure to resolve the problem. For maintaining the quality of cars company should take
effective approach to achieve the business condition in the organisation.
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P6) Impact of internal factors upon operational management and decision making
The proper management of operation concern with various capabilities and process which is
necessary to persuasive approach for the explore of business and aid to development of the
organisation as well as development of employee which brings the effectiveness in producing
hybrid cars to retain in the market. There are various points which compel with business
condition for the assignment of task Toyota portrayed these components.
Plan: The mean point for managing the operation there should be powerful arrangement done
by the administration. It give proper way to deal with the employee before assigning the task.
The management of Toyota analyses the market and also focus on the request made by the client
and apply those request in manufacturing of cars Toyota is a greatest consultant in car
manufacturing in UK. As the administration of Toyota knows the condition of business is not
always steady in nature . So company have to make continuous change in the business strategies
at regular interval. The administration needs to do proper planning for fulfilling desire of the
customer. The business of Toyota company is totally depend no the customer, so effective
approach of planning lead to increase the profitability of business.
Organising: The management of Toyota company is able to sort out the ethics related to assets
and related to business . The management tends to make necessary arrangement for initiate the
deal with client. The administration of Toyota faces many issue and ethics which is resolve by
taking proper steps . But company need to research on the specific problem and take proper
initiative that doesn't happen again. There are different level of organisation which focus on the
working procedure of the employee and also tries to solve the difficulties which is faced by
employee . It tends to take proper action related to the settle down for advancement or the
business.
Staffing: There is need of proper staffing which comprise of right people for right job by which
it gains the proper execution of administration. The management of Toyota need to identifies the
quality and shortcoming of the workers and led to enhance the abilities of workers to achieve the
goals and objectives. Toyota prefer to make the successful enlistment for selecting the aptitude
and experience the working capacity of the individuals Likewise the administration of Toyota
ought to have ability to give appropriate bearing of event and the proper arrangement and
recognise the parts and obligation of the representative to gain the success of business.
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Controlling: the proper execution of controlling process, it is necessary to make the proper
screening and controlling over the process of planing. Since it is analyse the venture regarding
the quality . For Toyota it is very efficient to make control over the different procedure and there
is quick response to resolve the issue. Fir this management is responsible for making proper
coordination and correspondence process that is adopted to enhance the quality to approach
related to different circumstances of the business for proper settlement of successful choice.
CONCLUSION
From the mentioned report,it is concluded that the role of leader and manager have their
significant role in the organisation. By the contribution of leader and manager it is very relevant
to take crucial decision in the organisation. Due to their continuous effort the productivity of new
hybrid cars and level of profitability is increase. It is mentioned that how by implementing
different approaches lead to engagement of the reputed company which deals with various
situations. Consumer can enhance their knowledge about the effect of the internal factor on the
total business as every enterprises operates in a dynamics environment and need to respond to
changes as when demanded. Toyota also emphasis on batteries which can reuse to reduce the
wastages and help in reduce the pollution.
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