Unit 4 Management and operations Assignment - (Solved)

Management and Operations

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Unit 4- Management & Operations

Contents
Introduction.......................................................................................................................................3
Conclusion.........................................................................................................................................6
References.........................................................................................................................................7
Introduction.......................................................................................................................................8
Political..............................................................................................................................................8
Economic...........................................................................................................................................8
Social.................................................................................................................................................9
Technology........................................................................................................................................9
Environment....................................................................................................................................10
Legal................................................................................................................................................10
Recommendation............................................................................................................................10
Toyota's Strength.............................................................................................................................11
Toyota's Weakness..........................................................................................................................11
Strength...........................................................................................................................................11
Weakness........................................................................................................................................11
Conclusion.......................................................................................................................................11
References.......................................................................................................................................12
Introduction
Business relates to the convertible method of skills and products according to the
requirement of customers or offers product according to the request of the customers. The
market climate, as reported by Koops al el. (2017), includes factors like consumers, money,
rivals, manufacturers, dealers, trends in the market, replacements for the laws, public

events, economies, economy, demography and technical growth and innovation. The most
critical aspect for every company is resources including people, physical and financial
capital. Global organisations like Toyota can strive for price, quality and marketing strategy
for competitive advantage. The sector opportunities have been influenced by different
factors such as technological transition and regulatory policy. It has been noted. Customers
were considered important for the sustainability and success of the company. It was found
that this kind of car industry typically contains two kinds of rivals, both direct and indirect.
There are typically five forms of organisations, namely private, public, governmental and
non-governmental organisations. The private sector is referred to as ownership, and power
of the company is held by private entities or associations, according to Jomo et al (2016).
The organisation's goal is profit only. Sainsbury's is known as one of the world's largest
private organisations. Private organisations such as individual entrepreneurs, partnerships,
limited companies and co-operatives are unique in design.
It was discovered that state or government agencies regulate the economies of the public
sector directly. The company activity is then conducted on behalf of its people and for their
greater well-being through various forms of organisation. The NHS is one of England's most
prominent public health organisations.
The volunteering industry is active in numerous organisations including NGOs, charitable
organisations, and the business sector, as reported by Borrás, S. (2016). Those bodies, in
theory, are non-profit entities and NGOs. Cancer Study has been found to be a common
charitable organisation in Britain.
The definition of a business organisation such as Toyota UK encompasses a number of areas,
namely employees, priorities, management and finances, acoording to Madoh et al (2019)
claim. Toyota's corporate model relies on multiple factors such as benefit, market share,
technological competence and social responsibility. Toyota is generally the only traders'
group. It has been discovered. Therefore, with no legal formalities they can easily grow their
company (Barron et al, 2017). The owner or head of the centre has absolute power. It was
discovered that Toyota's whole corporate operations are handled by the Japanese
headquarters. Management selects the working time and operating habits for the business.
Near relationships with clients are formed by the Human Resources Department in order to
develop strong personal interactions with employees and the marketing team. The whole
company of Toyota is focused not on staff but on the desires and talents of its top
managers.
In the other side, the company's unrestricted responsibility generates the owners' harm.
Toyota was found to be experiencing strong rivalry on the global market from numerous
firms such as Volkswagen group. It is too hard to expand sufficient money for the trade
group alone. The higher officers expend long hours designing a fresh plan for companies.
There is a shortage of operational consistency.

Role and Sizes of companies
The role of company is based on various roles such as human resource, advertising and promotion,
research and growth, manufacturing and activities, customer support, finance and accounts, admin
and IT. Marketing is known as bridge of partnership with industry in order to please the consumers
(Bhui et al, 2016). For both clients and vendors, the marketing phase is advantageous. The
marketing helps the company like Toyota to provide consumer knowledge for designing innovative
products that will help the service experience of the consumers (Argadinata, 2018). It has been
reported that through their aggressive price approach, Toyota has developed a dynamic market
environment (Betancourt et al. 2018). The company also established a direct delivery infrastructure
that enables consumers to purchase goods and services easily. The strong demand of Toyota cars
helps the company to prosper and extend its activities and raise more benefit from UK business
(Argadinata, 2018). it has been found than sharing signals of the organisation tends to develop social
behaviour towards positive manner. It has already been noted that safety messages like anti-smoke
detectors and dangerous driving in intoxicated situations can often be issued by the organisation to
improve the organisation's obligation to community (Betancourt et al. 2018).
As mentioned by Van Helden & Reichard (2016), finance is very associated with the spending or
use of organisational capital for different operation (Argadinata, 2018). The Financial Role offers
important financial information and role analyses with respect to the business strategy (Betancourt
et al. 2018). The organisation distributed the resources in accordance with the strategy to different
sections of the company and evaluated the utilisation of financial capital against the output goal
(Barron et al, 2017). The company requires to guarantee there are adequate funds to fulfil
operational criteria in order to handle cash flows. The financial reporting of the internal audit
function is controlled by each agency. The financing of the global corporations was interested in the
expenditure of surplus money (Vlad et al. 2019). It has been noted that several organisations have
developed the treasurer department to check after the operations of the organisation (Barron et al,
2017). Therefore, the company gets greatest return and reduces the damage from investment. In
the case, capital enhancement is deemed a challenge for several of the financial units, including
internal extra production lines initiatives, cost enhancement projects, and the procurement of
advanced innovations to promote productivity and performance (Shakleina & Shishikin, 2016). It
has been found that financial statement of Toyota assures that the company fulfil wide specifications
of UK.
Accounting for an enterprise like Toyota, as reported by Vlad et al (2019), would control all
everyday activities related to acquisitions, revenues and the usage of company services both
internally and externally. The Toyota cash flow guarantees that the corporation pays adequate funds
to retain organisational obligations if the organisations have to compensate (Shakleina & Shishikin,
2016). The financial team has been identified to obtain additional capital to grow the venture.
To assist workers of the company, Toyota invested in specialised human resources administration.
The department of HRM is responsible for handling the workers to reach 100% productivity and
effective performance (Shakleina & Shishikin, 2016). The Department of Human Resources
Administration frequently reports on regulations and initiatives. The position of human resources
management includes recruiting, policy, job creation, labour law conservation, relationships with
employees, control of wages, training and employee skills growth (Argadinata, 2018). Toyota is the
path to the future of travel, strengthened by the best and more responsible method of transporting

people across the planet. With our dedication to excellence, relentless creativity and love for the
world, we aspire for a smile to meet our standards (Betancourt et al. 2018). By including citizens
who agree that there is an ever-easier way to accomplish our ambitious objectives.
Toyota also observed organisational priorities that are assisted by the extensive Organizational
Strategy Plan (Shakleina & Shishikin, 2016). The Organizational Strategy Action Plan includes
multiple roles inside the Company. Every initiative has been created by senior management who are
accountable for their priorities. Each department can then create a practical planning plan utilising
this purpose and its due date with sub-tasks, and sub-deliverable goals with feedback from the
function's unit heads (Betancourt et al. 2018). The organisation's bureaucratic leadership approach
for handling its operations has been observed. The top managers evaluate or create the plan in
compliance with the institutional leadership style. Then the staff and team leaders have to
accomplish the aims or plan in the timeline defined (Barron et al, 2017).
The bottleneck aspect restricts the output within a particular time frame in compliance with the
main Toyota definition (Shakleina & Shishikin, 2016). The company pursues its own development
plan, such as a bottle neck element, cycle time definition, idol time techniques, a particular
development chain method, time limit thinking and resource deployment (Betancourt et al. 2018).
Conclusion
This aspect is focused on the numerous forms of institutions and functions, such as governmental,
private, charitable and legal systems. The student also talked on the scale and reach of several
organisations. On the other side the student addressed the association between multiple
organisational roles and how they relate to organisational priorities and systems.

References
Argadinata, A.G., 2018. Implementasi teori motivasi pada Toyota Motor Company. Jurnal
Manajemen (Edisi Elektronik), 9(2), pp.137-154.
Barron, A., Pereda, A. and Stacey, S., 2017. Exploring the performance of government affairs
subsidiaries: A study of organisation design and the social capital of European government
affairs managers at Toyota Motor Europe and Hyundai Motor Company in Brussels. Journal
of World Business, 52(2), pp.184-196.
Betancourt, P., Mooney, J. and Ross, J.W., 2018. Digital Innovation at Toyota Motor North
America: Revamping the Role of IT.

Bhui, K., Dinos, S., Galant-Miecznikowska, M., de Jongh, B. and Stansfeld, S., 2016.
Perceptions of work stress causes and effective interventions in employees working in
public, private and non-governmental organisations: a qualitative study. BJPsych bulletin,
40(6), pp.318-325.
Borrás, S., 2016. Organisations in Innovation Systems: Entrepreneurship, Intrapreneurship
and Public Policy (Vol. 19). DBP Working Papers. Copenhagen, Department of Business and
Politics, Copenhagen Business School.
Jomo, K.S., Chowdhury, A., Sharma, K. and Platz, D., 2016. Public-private partnerships and
the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development: fit for purpose?.
Koops, L., Bosch-Rekveldt, M., Bakker, H. and Hertogh, M., 2017. Exploring the influence of
external actors on the cooperation in public–private project organizations for constructing
infrastructure. International Journal of Project Management, 35(4), pp.618-632.
Madoh, A., Alenazi, J., Alkhamees, L. and Panwar, A., 2019. Case Study on Market Mix
Strategies of Toyota Motor Corporation. Asia Pacific Journal of Management and Education,
2(3), pp.70-78.
Shakleina, D.A. and Shishikin, V.G., 2016. THE ACTIVITY OF LARGE CAR-MANUFACTURE
COMPANIES DURING CRISIS: THE EXAMPLE OF TOYOTA MOTOR CORPORATION. In
Актуальные проблемы современного общества (pp. 277-280).
Van Helden, J. and Reichard, C., 2016. Commonalities and differences in public and private
sector performance management practices: a literature review. Performance measurement
and management control: contemporary issues, 31, pp.309-351.
Vlad, C., Gatan, L., Tajiri, F. and Takahashi, T., 2019. Rewiring Old Business–Corporate Value
Creation At The Headquarters Of Toyota Motor Corporation. In Proceedings of the
INTERNATIONAL MANAGEMENT CONFERENCE (Vol. 13, No. 1, pp. 310-316). Faculty of
Management, Academy of Economic Studies, Bucharest, Romania.
Introduction
Macro-environment applies to any organisation's economic position in a geographic area. The macro
climate has been seen to involve the gross domestic product propensity, investment, fiscal, financial
and inflationary policies (Sahil, 2017). The macro environment regulates significant external and
uncontrollable influences that affect the organisation's decision-making process.
PESTLE review addressed the positive and negative effects on the organisation:

Political
As for market growth and creation, Toyota has faced various political restrictions (Jiang et al. 2015).
In the case of Toyota, the company has democratic external influences. For certain purposes, the
organisation has encountered challenges and prospects like:
 Most global markets have political stability (opportunity)
 Free trade deals (opportunity)
 Government support for environmentally sustainable products (opportunity)
 Significant business stability was seen as a possibility of Toyota rising with minimum political
tension (Estevez, 2019). Free trade deals, on the other hand, allow Toyota to work amid
opportunities to increase business share in Japan and other nations. In addition, the
government's eco-friendly production provides the company an incentive to develop its
goods. It was noticed that environmentally sustainable goods often please environmentally
friendly consumers.
Toyota 's political stability is an opportunity to thrive with a minimum of political tension. In
addition, there are already ways to increase market access for free trade deals between Japan and
other countries in which Toyota works (Estevez, 2019). Government funding for environmentally
sustainable goods often offers an incentive for the industry to increase or surpass environmental
standards with its goods (Capuder et al. 2020). The key political external factors give market
prospects in this aspect of Toyota's PESTEL/PESTLE evaluation
Economic
The Toyota case notes that the macro-environmental economic risk influences are the following:
 Weaker Yen v. U.k. Pounds (opportunity)
 Gradual development of the economy of the United Kingdom (opportunity)
 Developing nations' fast development (opportunity)
 Toyota has taken the chance to boost the organisation's export sector from Japan. Then
currency valuation produces an organisation's downside. However, in the US sector
(Capuder et al. 2020) the company gets the chance to increase its business). In Japan it
already has the second largest industry. In addition, Toyota would be able to boost profits in
future with the gradual improvement in emerging economies.
Focused on Japanese Yen 's weakness, Toyota has the chance to increase its exports out of Japan.
Furthermore, Toyota has the chance to expand its Uk business, the fourth-largest market for the
company after Japan. The fast development of emerging economies often gives the business the
chance to boost profits dependent on these markets. The key external economic conditions
generate market development prospects in this aspect of Toyota's PESTEL/PESTLE analysis.
Social
The most important external social / societal factors in Toyota are as follows, according to the
research study:

 Increasing demand (opportunity) in electric vehicles
 Increased competition (opportunity) in hybrid vehicles
 Enlargement of the income disparity (threat)
 Toyota has the chance to supply more goods which meet the growing desire of its customers
in hybrid and electric vehicles. The firm, however, has observed the increasing wealth gap
critically (Hariandja et al. 2017). This is seen as a challenge as the working class is shrinking.
The middle class, though, is Toyota 's primary source of wealth.
In order to address the rising needs of consumers in Hybrid and electric cars, Toyota should sell
more products (Hariandja et al. 2017). Yet the business must take into consideration the widening
wealth divide that is a concern since it suits a shrinking middle class. Toyota 's primary source of
wealth is the middle class. In this component of the Toyota PESTEL/PESTLE study, the socioeconomic
external aspect of the widening wealth divide is a major concern.
Technology
There are numerous extraordinary external technological considerations for the business in this
Toyota case study:
 E-commerce expanded utilisation (opportunity)
 Trend in digital phones (opportunity)
 The danger of cyber threats
 Toyota has the chance to boost their capacities for e-commerce. In exchange, it was found
that the organisation, in order to market certain goods such as car replacement parts, had
formed a deal between third-party e-commerce service suppliers. Toyota has built a strategy
to offer its customers the ability through mobile applications (Leng & Chin, 2017, 2017).
Their consumer satisfaction and dedication to smartphone apps has also enhanced. The
business is looking at the possibility of cybercrime including commercial cyber-espionage in
recent days (Estevez, 2019).
Toyota has the ability to expand its e-commerce infrastructure or to use e-commerce suppliers from
third parties to market those goods, such as components. Toyota now has the potential to improve
consumer satisfaction and interaction through its smartphone applications. However, the
organisation must cope with cybercrime risks, namely corporate cyber spy (Leng & Chin, 2017,
2017). Toyota's analytical model PESTEL/PESTLE reveals significant technical potential, even as
cybercrime risks are handled by the organisation by the usage of effective technological protection
initiatives (Estevez, 2019).
Environment
The key environmental influences in this case study are:
 Climate change
 Global oil production declining
 Improved emphasis on company sustainability

 The corporation has been seen to produce more eco-friendly goods such as hybrid vehicles
and high-distance vehicles (Badiger et al. 2017). The corporation profits from environmental
conservation regulations and draws clients.
Toyota sells more environment-friendly goods, such as hybrid vehicles or more fuel-efficient
automobiles. The corporation has also the potential to enhance its business process productivity in
order to maximise its sustainable profitability (Badiger et al. 2017). The key environmental /
ecological variables provide possible prospects for more development in this aspect of Toyota's
PESTEL/PESTLE analysis.
Legal
The legal reasons that cause mixed effects on the environment of Toyota are many, such as:
 Copyright rule improvement (opportunity)
 Growing complicated laws on the environment (opportunity)
 Consumer purchase laws increasing (opportunity)
 It has been found that it has the potential to build on its copyright interests with decreased
worries. The group noticed that copyright security is being strengthened even by the
government (Annex & Directive, 2019). To meet with their expanded specifications, the
company has provided consumers with the best quality goods.
Toyota has the potential to expand, since policymakers have moved towards strengthening security
of property rights, with decreased regard for infringement (Estevez, 2019). Toyota is therefore able
to deliver better quality goods that match or surpass environmental standards (Annex & Directive,
2019). The organisation should often take advantage of the ability to deliver better, better
satisfactory goods that conform with or move above consumer legislation (Annex & Directive, 2019).
This component of Toyota's theoretical model for PESTEL/PESTLE indicates that the business has
great potential for legal external influences.
Recommendation
In this PESTEL/PESTLE study of Toyota's remote or macroenvironment, the environmental influences
found often generate market opportunities (Estevez, 2019). For example, the business should
concentrate on product production and take advantage of business opportunities. Toyota will also
expand company strategies and the involvement of customers to take advantage of prospects
dependent on global economic conditions. Toyota must, therefore, counter risks focused on external
factors linked to the growing wealth disparity and cybercrime. This initiative will benefit from
technical steps and product advances (Sharma & Aggarwal, 2019. This PESTEL/PESTLE review
therefore reveals that Toyota has substantial development and stability opportunities
3.
Toyota's Strength
Toyota 's strengths prove that Toyota provides the ample capacity to retain its place as one of the
world's strongest carmakers (Sharma & Aggarwal, 2019. The SWOT analysis model describes the
competitive considerations that will function as Toyota's potential (Lugtu, 2019). They have the
following key strengths:

 A strong image of company
 Speedy invention capability
 Global supply chain
Toyota's Weakness
The key vulnerabilities are described below:
 A hierarchically ordered framework
 Secrecy of organisation's community
 The impact of product warning in recent years
Toyota Strength
Strength
Toyota's resilience is focused mainly on economic and technological developments. And the SWOT
review shows all the competitive considerations an organisation should skilfully utilise to boost its
market (Sharma & Aggarwal, 2019). The following are relevant opportunities:
 The growth of the demand in developed countries
 growing market for fuel-efficient vehicles
 Increased curiosity in autonomous vehicle technology
Weakness
Threats focused largely on competition. The main threats to Toyota were discussed below:
 The presence of low-cost competitive market growth (Tran, 2019)
 A fast innovation among their current rivals
Conclusion
In this portion, the student identified the research PESTLE for assessing the organisation's external
impact. In addition, the organisation's internal strength and weakness, as well as its outward
strength and weakness have been established.
References
Annex, S.L. and Directive, I.E.C., 2019. Quality Management: Tools, Methods, and Standards.
measurement, 56, p.62.
Badiger, V., Paterni, R. and Fragassa, C., 2017, April. Market Growth and Perspective for Solar
Mobility: The Case of India. In International Conference on Sustainable Design and Manufacturing
(pp. 857-867). Springer, Cham.

Capuder, T., Sprčić, D.M., Zoričić, D. and Pandžić, H., 2020. Review of challenges and assessment of
electric vehicles integration policy goals: Integrated risk analysis approach. International Journal of
Electrical Power & Energy Systems, 119, p.105894.
Estevez Greco, C., 2019. Plan de Marketing: concesionaria Toyota Jorge Ferro.
Hariandja, B.K., Tambunan, B.P., Siagian, E.J.M. and Pradani, M.A.M., 2017. Business Strategy and
Company Analysis of Indonesia Data Business Unit.
Jiang, J., Blank, A., Maier, F., Bharthepudi, A. and Kumar, P., 2015, August. Financial analysis and
comparison of compact electric and gasoline cars. In 2015 Portland International Conference on
Management of Engineering and Technology (PICMET) (pp. 511-518). IEEE.
Leng, K.C. and Chin, T.A., 2017. The Influence of Marketing Mix Factors on Consumer’s Purchase
Intention Toward Hybrid Car in Johor Bahru. Advanced Science Letters, 23(9), pp.9115-9116.
Lugtu Jr, R.C., 2019. Tesla: Testing a Business Model at its (R) Evolutionary Best (Doctoral
dissertation, DE LA SALLE UNIVERSITY-MANILA).
Tran, D.A., 2019. New Product development: An analysis of two small and medium enterprises in
Vietnam.
SAHIL, M., 2017. Implications of Just-In-Time System of Toyota: A Case Study.
Sharma, S.A. and Aggarwal, A., 2019. Aspects of marketing strategy impacting the commercial
vehicle industry–A critical review of literature.