Management and Operations: Role of Leaders and Managers in Different Situational Contexts

This document discusses the role of leaders and managers in different situational contexts in the field of management and operations. It explores theories and models of approach, such as situational leadership, systems leadership, and contingency. The document also highlights the importance of operational management in achieving business objectives.

Management and operations

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................3
Covered in ppt ................................................................................................................................3
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................3
P2. Examine examples of how the role of a leader and the function of a manager apply in
different situational contexts. ................................................................................................3
P3. Apply different theories and models of approach, including situational leadership, systems
leadership and contingency....................................................................................................5
TASK 3 ...........................................................................................................................................7
P4 Key Approach of operational Management and the role of Leaders and Manager .........7
P5 Importance and Value of Operational Management to achieve the Business Objectives 8
TASK 4 ...........................................................................................................................................9
P6 Analyse the factors which affect the Business Environment and influence the operational
management and decision-making of Leaders and Managers. ..............................................9
CONCLUSION .............................................................................................................................10
REFRENCES ................................................................................................................................12

INTRODUCTION
Management and operations is considered to be that kind of process which helps an
business in perform various activities in order to enhance management operation within an
organization. These operations helps in making activities related to management conducted in
more affective manner. Management through these operations improves efficiency and
production both. Management operations lead over developing of techniques and mechanism
which makes generation of revenue and profit possible. Such operations leads over developing
framework that makes guidance with steps formed to make management more appropriate in
achieving goals and objectives. It makes resources generated in appropriate manner possible
through making management reaper appropriate plan for its utilization. Scope of these operations
are wider as they cover various aspects in relation to processes within management department
of an organization. Nature is dynamic as it makes improvisation in different processes in an
organization possible which makes different process smooth and easy.In this report the chosen
organization is Tesco which is an British multinational retailers and sells groceries with general
products and has its headquarters in Welwyn Garden City, Hertfordshire, England, United
Kingdom. In this report leadership and management with role of manager, leader has to be
explained. Then different theories regarding organization is been covered. In the end factors
impacting decision making of managers and leaders is covered.
TASK 1
Covered in ppt
TASK 2
P2. Examine examples of how the role of a leader and the function of a manager apply in
different situational contexts.
Managers and leaders both holds different duties, roles, characteristics, functions and
skills which is unique and needed within an organization like Tesco. In various conditions
leaders and managers has functions which is to be performed over decision that has been taken
within unique way. This is helpful in handling of various aspects that is related to leadership and
management. In these situation leaders and managers is having diverse kinds of functions to be

done through taking appropriate decision. This makes concept to be understood within both
parties and making evolutional done regarding Tesco.
SITUATION 1: NEW PRODUCT LAUNCH
Organization has to be launched upon new product that has to be launched and involves
ideas with creative techniques. In this main aim of TESCO is to be focused over product
portfolio and maintaining of position within an organization . (Lindholm, Laine and Suomala,
2017).
ROLE OF LEADERS
Leaders of various terms that is having specific goals over team members that has to be
achieved in order to make successfully launching of product possible. It is very important role
within which leaders plays important role in keeping information conveyed to staff. Also
changes are required updated in proper manner. Leaders is there to make sure that development
creates pathways for employees followed and encouraged inn engaging working in more
collective way . (Kc, Scholtes and Terwiesch, 2020).
FUNCTIONS OF MANAGERS
Manger has very important role to play within an organization in this five main functions
is been handled by managers that is plaining, organising , directing, monitoring and control. As
the managers of Tesco has to launch new offer and is planning over launching arrangements
required to make resources generated by person. After finalizing plan employees has been
directing employees for directing of duties with manufacturing and launching of new offerings.
Budgets will be made and schedules will be set accordingly. Lastly, performances are controlled
and corrected in order to successfully launch the new offerings and attain pre determined
objectives.
SITUATION 2: CONFLICT MANAGEMENT
Conflict is considered to be that part of an organization which makes various functions
and operations conducted within large organization like Tesco. Different conflicting situations
arises that is required to be resolved at urgency.
ROLE OF LEADERS
The leaders in such conflicting situation plays a role of Negotiator in between the parties
who are in conflicts either the top level management of Tesco and employees or fellow team

members or amongst two teams etc. The leaders will communicate with the parties and act for
negotiation with them for will bring peace and help in solving the problem in the organisation.
FUNCTIONS OF MANAGERS
The function which management or managers undertake for reducing the conflicts and
bringing the productivity of the firm back is of monitoring and controlling the situation. That is
the managers of tesco will make in-depth analysis of the conflicting situation and search for the
reason behind the problem (Itoh, et. al., 2017).
P3. Apply different theories and models of approach, including situational leadership, systems
leadership and contingency.
Operations in management upon techniques which has been involved under various kinds
of models, tools, theories, approaches and within which it can be successfully applicable and
enables firm for gaining with its benefits. There are certain major theory which is been used
within operations of management and they are Situational Leadership Theory, System
Leadership Theory and Contingency Leadership Theory. These three models is been applied
in relation to applicability of it in relation to Tesco.
SITUATIONAL LEADERSHIP THEORY
As per the situation leadership theory has been working upon assuming over various
leadership that differs from situation to situation. In this first situation analysis and adoption
within leadership style according situation which is best for the organization. The theory has
been developed by Paul Hersey and Kenenth Blanchard this is the reason it is known as Heresy-
Blanchard theory. Under its four elements is been used as an approach that is used to develop as
per the situation. Leaders of Tesco is been suing these elements and makes applicability over
situation theory that deals with situation by utilizing elements through applying situation
leadership within different situation. Leaders of Tesco has to use these elements by applying
situation as per the theory dealing with elements applied under situational leadership theory
within particular situation. Such elements has been explained as follows:
 Directing- Leaders is been using directive and authoritative approach within which
decision has been made by leaders over guiding employees over what and how to do. In
this supporting guidance has been provided with directions which has to be followed by
them.

 Coaching- This is second style within which leaders is been considered as making
decision. Selling idea is been done with the help of exceptions of debts and collaboration
done in appropriate way possible.
 Delegating- As per the leadership style various limitation of leaders is been participating
over giving guidance whenever it is required. Delegation holds responsibility over task
which is allowed over subordinates in taking decision of its own.
 Participative- In this leadership style referring less involvement is been allowing
employees to participate over involving ideas and decision making which makes
motivation to be achieved with efficiency (Hicks, 2020).
SYSTEM LEADERSHIP THEORY
System leadership theory has been brought changes within environment in order to make
flexibility in working increased. As per this proper utilization of resources of employee is helpful
in making goals and objectives achieved. Tesco can use the leadership theory as it is helpful in
holding operations which expand all over the world. The market of Tsco is spread around the
glob and grown opportunity reaching at high level of success.
CONTINGENCY LEADERSHIP THEORY
The theory which make working upon belief with effectiveness over leaders is been
dependent through contingencies and depends upon different situation. Every situation is
required to have different and effective leader. As per theorist contingency in leadership theory is
based over exact leadership qualities that is applicable to every situation. Situation that has been
working for making leadership over qualities belong in an leaders to deal with particular
condition. Tesco uses theory with the helps of these elements and they are as follows:
 The Situation- In this element has been analysing different situation and leaders has
outlined idea for making plan. This is the first phase within which team leaders of Tesco
makes situation over requirement of skills and knowledge possible.
 Leadership Style- After situation is foreseen over leaders which makes leadership style
matched that is suitable to deal with different situation. It is only done when leader
understood and gains knowledge over it.
 Develop Relationship between the situation and leadership style- now the leader has
to make a balance between the situation and the leadership style as now the leader has to

play his role to integrate the style in the particular situation so that the best outcome is
achieved.
TASK 3
P4 Key Approach of operational Management and the role of Leaders and Manager
To carry out all the working , production and operational activities it is important to use
specific approach which can help in operational management. There are various approach which
can be used in operation management and the role of the leaders and managers of the Tesco in
respect to use this approach are given below-
Lean Production
This is most appropriate approach for the operational management of each and every
organisation. This approach consider a systematic production process that help to reduce the
wastage of resources. Lean production is very useful to produce the high level of output in term
of low level of input . (Davidson, et. al., 2017). The main role of Tesco managers and leaders are
to apply useful practices of this approach so that they can coordinate their team members and
also support them to decline the wastage of inventory and improve the production and
operational process. The main role of manager to make a plan and also implement with an
effective guidelines and leaders of the Tesco can help their teams so that they can perform well.
Just-In-Time
It is a manufacturing workflow methodology that main aim is to decrease the workflow
time and their cost in the manufacturing and production system so that organisation can easily
consider the distribution of the inventory and materials. The main motive of JIT is maintain zero
inventories in the whole organisation and its supply chain. Tesco managers always consider this
approach because it is a useful inventory management method. Managers make plan and policies
and also prepare useful strategies so that they can help all the staff members to follow all the
guidelines related to this approach. Leaders of the Tesco provide right direction to their teams so
that they can help to enhance the effectiveness and decline the wastage of material and resources.
Total Quality Management
This is a management approach that determine the long term success with the help of
customers satisfaction. Through this approach, all employees of the organisation can give their
best participation to improve the production , operational process, goods , services , culture and

environment of the organisation. This approach is continuously help to satisfy the customers so
that organisation can fulfil all the expectations. To communicate with the customers is most
important to achieve the desired outcomes. Tesco managers of all the department constantly
working very hard to maintain the total quality of the management and improve the products ,
services , structure and culture of the organisation. The main role of the leaders are to manage
the all requirements of the team members so that they can give their best contribution in the
success of the organisation (Chen and Song, 2019).
P5 Importance and Value of Operational Management to achieve the Business Objectives
Operational Management consider as a administration of the business operational
activities which help to obtain the higher efficiency. This is also contain as a specific process that
useful in planning , organising, monitoring and operating each and every business activities that
lead the high level of productivity. The main purpose of operational management is to reduce the
cost of the business operations through avoidance of wastage of materials and other resources.
There are various functions of operational management such as finance, operations, strategy ,
product design and manage quality etc. all these functions are essential to maintain for the Tesco
company managers and leaders. Leaders and managers of the Tesco are playing a crucial role to
accomplish the business objectives which are given below-
Utilization of Resources
Operational management is helpful to proper utilization of resources and use effective all
the optimising resources. This is important to manage the productivity of the employees because
it is useful to prevent the employees from the underperforming and overburden activities so that
all the employees of the organisation can boost their performance. This is also helpful to reduce
the risk and increase efficiency. Tesco managers and leaders give all the directions to their
employees so that they can manage all the resources and utilise it for the betterment of the
organisation.
Customer Satisfaction
It is essential for every manufacturing operations as it ensure the clear preferences
of the customers so that all customers requirement need to be consider before the manufacturing
process so that organisation modify some changes on the basis of customers needs which will
lead the more customers satisfaction in future. Operational management department of the Tesco
company creating products and services and maintain high quality so that company can get the

customers needs. Managers and leaders of the Tesco are working continuously to reach out the
customers requirements so that they can guide their staff members how to connect with the
customers so that employees and establish a strong relationship with customers and help to
achieve the business objectives . (Bordoloi, Fitzsimmons and Fitzsimmons,2019).
Product Quality
It refers the capabilities to get the customers expectations. Operational management help
to increase the overall quality of the products and also offer a good opportunities to analyse those
areas where organisation can improve the quality of their products. In Operational management,
all products are designed on the basis of reliability and durability so that organisation can meet
more customers expectations. Tesco mainly focus on the over all quality of their products so that
company can obtain the business objectives.
Capacity Management
It is important to maintain the capacity of each and every employees in an organisation.
With the help of capacity management, organisation can boost the efficiency and productivity of
the employees. Tesco managers and leaders are trying very hard to improve the quality and
capacity of the staff members and provide them appropriate training and development sessions
so that employees can enhance their capabilities.
TASK 4
P6 Analyse the factors which affect the Business Environment and influence the operational
management and decision-making of Leaders and Managers.
There are many factors which give appropriate impact in the business environment and
also influence the decision making and operational management process of the leaders and
managers of the organisation. Some business environment factors such as demographical,
economical , political , social, cultural, legal and technological factors. But in context of Tesco,
social and technological factors of the business environment affect the most to operational
management and decision making process of the leaders and managers. The explanation of all
these factors in respect of Tesco are given below-
Social Factor Analysis
This is a most important factor of the business environment that affect the operational and
decision making process of the leaders and managers. There are various elements includes such

as age, gender, religion, culture, buying behaviour and habits of the customers. Tesco is a one of
the largest organisation in UK which mainly deal with the retailing sector so it is mandatory for
the organisation to focus on each and every operational activities so that organisation can take
appropriate decision according to the present conditions. Managers and leaders of the
organisation need to take care of all the operations and perform those activities which can help to
enhance the productivity of employees. Operational management department of the Tesco focus
to improve the quality of products so that organisation can attract the large number of customers
through high quality of products and services. Managers of the organisation provide proper
guidelines to every leaders of the department to take the useful opinion from the each and every
employees so that organisation can consider all the employees suggestions and opinion in
decision making which will help to improve the productivity of the organisation (Batista, et. al.,
2018).
Technological Factor Analysis
This is also a crucial factor of the business environment that mainly include the
technological advancement and modification. This is a fast running world and this generation
belong to the effective use of technologies. Now technologies are taking a massive place in
business because due to the uncertainty of Covid pandemic, most of the company started to
operate their business through online platforms with the help of technologies and internet. E-
commerce business are doing very well. Tesco also use some advanced technologies so that
organisation and promote and sell their products online through digital marketing channels like
Facebook, Instagram, Twitter and use specific techniques like email marketing, content
marketing, SEO etc. Tesco managers and leaders use appropriate strategies and provide useful
training sessions so that employees can lean new technology can use this for the welfare of the
organisation. Technologies also helpful in operational management and proper decision-making
process of the organisation.
CONCLUSION
From the above discussion it is clear that managing operation is that kind of process
which helps in developing management through various kinds of techniques and strategies that
makes process of management to be smooth. In this file role of leaders and managers has to be
explained which makes development of organization possible. Also in it effective results is

adopted by an organization in doing proper management. Further from the discussion leadership
style has been elaborated and then applied according to situation in relation to leaders and
functions of managers within the scenario has been defined. In the end it is important and
needed for operations within managing functions determined through knowing over influence
functions within an organization which reduces efficiency. End of the discussion factors within
business surrounds that makes identification in relation management operations with decision
making of leaders possible.

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