Organisational Structure and Management

This report discusses the organizational structure, different management functions, the business environment, change management, and talent management in an organization. It uses the case of Marks and Spencer to provide insights into these topics.

Management
Contents

INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................3
Organisational structure and Management..................................................................................3
The Business environment...........................................................................................................4
Managing and leading a change...................................................................................................6
Talent management......................................................................................................................6
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................6
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................8

INTRODUCTION
An organisation is comprises of culture, structure, various functional departments,
mission, employees, values and much more. All these factors have different importance and role
to play in an organisation. For reference purpose this report has taken an example of a company,
Marks and Spencer. It is a multinational company originated from Britian. The company has
engaged its business in manufacturing of fine quality clothes, home products and food products.
This report discusses about the organizational structure, different management functions,
environment in which the business is running, change management and a briefing about the
talent management in an organisation.
TASK 1
Organisational structure and Management
Organizational structure defines the ways in which the activities in an organisation would
get allocated, operated and gets directed that would help it in achieving the set objectives and
goals. The structure of an organisation does put impact upon the activities and operations
undertaken. There are various typed of organizational structure, some of them are as follows:
Hierarchical organizational structure
This type of organizational structure is the most common type which is followed by the
organisation. Here the organisation follows levels in their working where the top level
management people are considered as a major people who are responsible to take the major
decision for the company, middle level are the people who regulates the lower level people and
they receives the decisions from top level management people and they give the orders to lower
level management people (Bloom and et al., 2017).
Advantages: It helps the organisation in better defining the responsibilities and authorities. This
approach also motivates the employees to have a clear path for professional career.
Disadvantages: This type of organizational structure may slow down the decision making ability
of an organisation due to the levels present. It also demotivates the employees belonging to the
lower level of management as they consider themselves less valuable in the organisation and
decisions.
Functional organizational structure
Here the departments are made according to the core functions performed in the
organisation. For example the functional structure can be marketing function, finance function,
human resource and much more (Carberry, Amatoury and Eckert, 2018). In these functions the
hierarchy is follow ranging from top to bottom in that specific department.

Advantages: This type of organisation structure allows the employees to focus upon their own
field of work. It also encourages the specialization.
Disadvantages: There are a lot of barriers in performing the interdepartmental communication.
This organizational structure might create the silos.
As in the case with Marks and Spencer, the company follows the functional organizational
structure in their organisation. Through this they have divided the structure according to the
various functional departments (Edwards, 2017).
There are various managing functions performed in an organisation. These functions are:
Planning: In this the organisation plans about the project or the activities which they would going
to undertake as a business activities. Here the planning or a layout is set about the business
activities which would lead the organisation to achieve its true goals.
Organizing: It is an activity in which the resources which are needed to implement or pursue the
plan gets organized by the organisation. This may include forming the structure, collection of
required resources and the like.
Staffing: It is an activity in which the organisation like Marks and Spencer collects or acquired
the talented workforce in their organisation so that they these people can help the organisation in
achieving their goals and objectives.
Directing: It is concerned with monitoring the activities of employees in the direction which
could lead to the accomplishment of goals.
Controlling: It is an activity in which the controlling measures takes place in such a way that
bridges the gap between the actual and standard goals.
The Business environment
A business runs under various contemporary environments. These environments do put
an impact upon the business operations and activities. These environments includes both internal
and external environment. Internal environment are the factors which can get control by an
organisation (Faust and Weingart, 2017). Some of these factors may include employees,
resources, customers, suppliers and so on. There are various tools through which the internal
environment of Marks and Spencer Company can get evaluated. One of such tool is SWOT,
which can be as:
Strengths
 The company is spread throughout the
world and has a strong operational
network.
Weakness
 The designs of their clothes
manufactured by the organisation are
not that new and catchy.
Opportunities
 The company has the opportunity to
Threats
 The increase in the degree of

expand its business in the areas where it
has not set its step yet.
competition is the major factor for
threat.
The external environment is the factor in which the organisation analyses the factors that
are not in control by any organisation. These factors may include government, legal laws, the
taste of customers and much more. To analyze the external environment of a company like
Marks and Spencer various tool could be used. One of those tools is PESTEL which can be as
follows:
Political: The Company is establishing in the UK where the political government is very stable.
This helps the organisation in bringing the stability in their operations also.
Economical: The economical situation of UK is very good. The people have the good degree of
disposal income which benefits the company has the people can afford the prices set by the
company (Mustafakulov, 2020).
Social: The Company performs a research in which it knows about the taste and preference of
the customers. Through such analyses the organisation provides the customers with such
provides and services which are in demand by customers.
Technological: Marks and Spencer company has also establish itself at the online platform so
that the customers can brought the products from online site also.
Environmental: Marks and Spencer company has adopts the production activity which enables
the organisation in producing minimum of carbon emission into the environment.
Legal: The Company follows all the rules and regulations set by the legislation in the view to
legally operate in the region.
Change is a continuous and mandatory function in any organisation and if they want to
survive in this competitive environment they need to bring the changes in their operational and
management activities (Vartak and et al., 2016). Change management refers to the approaches
and tactics which an organisation uses to bring and manages the necessary changes. There are 4
types of organisational change, which can be as follows:
Strategic transformational change: In this the organisation brings the required change in the
kind of strategy or tactics it is using in its organisation. For example, changes in technology
used, upgrading the mission set and etc.
People centric change: It includes the changes in the human resource policies and rules. For
example hiring a new work force, change in the PL policies and so on.
Structural change: It involves the changes in the business hierarchy. For example, structural
change due to mergers and acquisitions, creation of new departments and etc.

Remedial change: These changes are inculcated when an organisation finds out about a problem
in an organisation. For example, changes in operational or production activities.
Managing and leading a change
Management refers to the adoption of business activities which would help the
organisation in managing all its factors or resources. Through the management all the factors or
functions of an organisation is aligned proper in such a manner that they are gets interrelated
with each other. There are various theories which are used by organisation about its
management. One of such management theory is formed by Henry Fayol who has formed 14
principles which an organisation should follow in its management for effective coordination.
Some of these principles are:
Division of work: The work should get divided among the people working in an organisation
according to the capability of employees. It leads to the completion of task in a more appropriate
and speedy manner.
Unity of command: This principle states that an employee must get the commands from only
one boss only. Otherwise confusions can be created.
There are various other management theories used by the organisation to handle the
employee performances. One of these theories is Theory X and Theory Y, which can be as:
In the theory X, the employees who are careless in their work and are less intelligent, to handle
these manager uses the carrot and stick philosophy to make them work (Webb, 2017).
And in theory Y, the employees who are intelligent and serious about their work, the managers
provide different set of motivational tools to them. Like increase in salary, remunerations,
promotion, status and much more.
Talent management
It is refers to a process through which an organisation manages its talent or employees in
such a way that it integrates the objectives of both the employees and organisation. The
employees in the organisation are acquired which can help the organisation like Marks and
Spencer in accomplishing their task or true goal of existence. The company attracts the talented
workforce through providing the factors which can attract them. These factors may include
culture of the company, remuneration offers, human resource policies and etc. Among all these
organisational culture plays a major role. It helps the employees to stay motivated and retain into
the organisation.
CONCLUSION
From the report discuss above, the concept of management has been discussed. There are
various theories among which an organisation chooses one according to the need and

requirement. Also, there are various functions of management like planning, organising, staffing,
directing and controlling. All these functions have different role to play.

REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Bloom, N.,and et al., 2017. What drives differences in management? (No. w23300). National
Bureau of Economic Research.
Carberry, J. C., Amatoury, J. and Eckert, D. J., 2018. Personalized management approach for
OSA. Chest. 153(3). pp.744-755.
Edwards, S. D., 2017. Management in Eastern Europe. Macmillan International Higher
Education.
Faust, J. S. and Weingart, S. D., 2017. The past, present, and future of the Centers for Medicare
and Medicaid Services quality measure SEP-1: the early management bundle for severe
Sepsis/Septic shock. Emergency Medicine Clinics. 35(1). pp.219-231.
Mustafakulov, S., 2020. Features of the system approach to management of social and economic
development of regions.Архив научных исследований. 1(4).
Vartak, M., and et al., 2016, June. ModelDB: a system for machine learning model management.
In Proceedings of the Workshop on Human-In-the-Loop Data Analytics (pp. 1-3).
Webb, S. P., 2017. Knowledge management: Linchpin of change. Routledge.