China's One Child Policy: Impact and Implementation

This article discusses the impact and implementation of China's one child policy. It explores the government's control over population growth, birth control techniques, and societal pressures. The article also highlights the challenges and consequences of this policy on the Chinese population.

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China has the largest population in the world with about 1.42 billion. The country had a concern
over the rate of population growth and considered it as a great challenge in economic growth.
The Chinese government employed a one child per family system. It also initiated birth control
techniques and gave economic bonuses to families with few children.
The One Child Policy
According to Coole (2018), one child system requires a wedded couple to acquire a family
planning permit card once they encounter a pregnancy. Initially acquiring this government-
offered birth certificate was challenging and required a controlling maze of bureaucracy,
involving getting official stamps with not less than 16 different entities. The process was so long
and expensive to the extent that some families needed toil in order to afford and complete at least
one step of the process (DiLorenzo & Cheng, 2019).
The government of China subjected the couple who are or are about to be a mother and father to
great scrutiny, whereby they had to present their names and home addresses for recording on a
public bulletin board. The mother's identification number: which includes the United States
Social Security number and driver's license number was also recorded along (Zhang & Qing,
2016). Through these records the government of China was able to track the number of wombs
in China, it also had a record of which birth contraceptive the couple had used previously. In
case the parents do not have the registration form at the time of childbirth then the birth is not
recorded and neither is a birth certificate issued hence the birth of the child is considered
illegitimate lawfully (Hartmann, 2016).
Initially, the government of China affirmed to the citizens that only one child was enough so they
were being advised to marry and give birth at a late age. Currently, they are advising the young
people to give birth when they were young so they are advised to marry when they are in the
university. They claimed that older women are likely to give birth to children with defects as a
result of poor or weak fertility at an old age.

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Contraception
The government of China considers giving birth as a privileged granted to the citizens that have
fulfilled their obligations and responsibilities to the nation. According to government policies, it
is the responsibility of the married to take contraceptives so as to prevent pregnancies in the
future. Since the Chinese government has adopted the patriarchal customs, it is the basic
responsibility of women to take contraceptives (Mazur, 2013).
The government, however, recommended specific types of contraceptives, which are IUDs
intrauterine devices and tubal ligation. They are scientifically proven to be easily verified,
durable and give bureaucratic reliability (Kluchin, 2011). Policies required women with two kids
to go through tubal ligation and those with one kid to use intrauterine devices. In various
occasions, for women to register with the local public security bureau for their second pregnancy
they need to have IUDs inserted for the kid to access public education and health care services
(Eager, 2017).
Peer Pressure
Local family planning authorities impulse pressure on civil servants whereby it was the
responsibility of each and every worker to make sure that his or her colleague does not exceed
the number of children recommended by the government otherwise the entire workforce would
be denied the yearly incentive a type of government-sanctioned black (Harkavy, 2013)
Currently, it is obvious that the Chinese government is worried about the alarming rate of
population decrease in the country, an abstraction of the demographic dividend, an improper sex
composition, regrets for families deprived of their only child in case of death and many others.
All these challenges are as a result of the strict birth control governing systems. Similarly, many
other administrative concerns, include; reproduction conservatives, anxiety amongst the public
and local officials and the implementation of social upkeep fees are all constantly connected to
the birth control policy (Jiang & Liu, 2016). It is obscure how China's diminution of its one-child
policy will influence population size. According to the United Nations Population Division,
China's birth rate in 2017 was about 1.62 births for each woman. These birth rates are equal

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in other developed states. Since the economy of China is efficiently becoming westernized, it is
uncertain that the Chinese population size will grow so high (Prof Yi Zeng, 2016).
References
Coole, D., 2018. Should We Control World Population?. illustrated ed. London: Wiley.
DiLorenzo, M. & Cheng, M., 2019. Political Turnover and Chinese Development Cooperation.
The Chinese Journal of International Politics, 12(1), p. 123–151.
Eager, P. W., 2017. Global Population Policy: From Population Control to Reproductive Rights.
reprinted. s.l.:Taylor & Francis.
Harkavy, O., 2013. Curbing Population Growth: An Insider’s Perspective on the Population
Movement. illustrated ed. new york Springer Science & Business Media.
Hartmann, B., 2016. Reproductive Rights and Wrongs: The Global Politics of Population
Control. revised ed. s.l.: Haymarket Books.
Jiang, Q. & Liu, Y., 2016. Low fertility and concurrent birth control policy in China. The
History of the Family, 21(4), pp. 551-577.
Kluchin, R. M., 2011. Fit to Be Tied: Sterilization and Reproductive Rights in America, 1950-
1980. revised ed. Sacramento: Rutgers University Press.
Mazur, L. A., 2013. Beyond the Numbers: A Reader on Population, Consumption and the
Environment. illustrated ed. s.l.: Island Press.
Prof Yi Zeng, P., 2016. The effects of China's universal two-child policy. The Lancet,
388(10054), pp. 1930-1938.
Zhang, L. & Qing, K., 2016. China's shift from population control to population quality.
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