Information Systems and Management Techniques

The provided document is a compilation of various resources on management information systems (MIS) techniques. It includes a discussion on the inter-dependence between organizations and information systems (Illustration 1), as well as an explanation of Porter's five forces (Illustration 2). The document also covers topics such as customer relationship management, asset protection through security awareness, and service innovation in smart analytics for industry 4.0 and big data environments. It appears to be a study or research guide for students, potentially related to business management or information systems courses.

Management
Information System

Table of Contents
PART A...........................................................................................................................................3
Q-1 a). Voyage' related illustration and type of Information system represented by this and
also describe at which level of organisation, this IS is used........................................................3
b). Analyse the relationship represented between the components below and also identify the
statement true or false in account of such relationship................................................................4
Q-2 Different types of Information system recommended in an organisation............................4
Q-3 a). Characteristics of Cloud computing................................................................................5
b). Drawbacks of Cloud computing with example......................................................................6
Q-4 a). Definition of Database and also describe that DBMS are better system as compared to
Flat files.......................................................................................................................................6
b). Importance of Data mining tool and also determine the situation in the company where this
tool is used...................................................................................................................................7
Q-5 a). Suggestions for Sandwich shop business process to improve the efficiency of a local
business shop...............................................................................................................................7
b). Primary components of comprehensive CRM System...........................................................8
Question-6....................................................................................................................................8
a). E-policies to protect the business............................................................................................8
b). Provide the use of Authentication technologies that restrict the access of unauthorised users
in organisational system...............................................................................................................8
PART B............................................................................................................................................1
1. New information system trends...............................................................................................1
Relationship of Internet and the World Wide Web with other technology components of
information systems.....................................................................................................................1
2. Impact of information systems on businesses operations with their products or services.......1
3. Challenges and opportunities due to globalization in the flattened world...............................3
4. Business objectives of information-systems............................................................................4
5. Apply Porter’s Five Forces analytical framework to UPS.......................................................4
6. UPS embracement of sustainable technologies.......................................................................6
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................7

PART A
Q-1 a). Voyage' related illustration and type of Information system represented by this and also
describe at which level of organisation, this IS is used.
From the above Illustration, it can be identified that organisation uses DSS (Decision
Support System) that can be considered as computerised Information system which is used to
support the decision-making in an organisation. This information system can be used to solve the
problems and also allows the managers of the company to make better decisions. DSS is an
effective Information Application that mainly produces the comprehensive information of the
organisation. This can also be used to analyse the large amount of data within enterprise.
This can be used at Management level of the organisation as it supports monitoring,
controlling, Decision-making and administrative activities of managers. This Information system
basically provides the periodic reports to senior managers. This system addresses the such
problems where the procedure for arriving a solution may not be pre decided in advance. It can
also be identified that DSS have more analytical power. The powerful DSS is an Voyage-
estimating system subsidiary of a large company which carries the bulk cargoes of Coal, oil,
Ores and various finished products by taking large shipping contracts. Above illustrated diagram
helps in calculating the financial and technical Voyage details such as Sheep time, speed, port
distance and fuel and water consumption of loading the cargoes to different ports.

b). Analyse the relationship represented between the components below and also identify the
statement true or false in account of such relationship.
1 YES
NO
The services a firm is capable of providing to its
customers, suppliers and employees are a direct
function of its MIS infrastructure.
2 YES
NO
The only service that will be affected by the quality of
the MIS infrastructure is the service provided to
customers.
3 YES
NO
Ideally, this infrastructure should support the firm’s
business and information systems strategy.
4 YES
NO
This infrastructure should support the firm’s
information systems strategy, regardless of the business
strategy.
5 YES
NO
The above illustration focusses more than anything else
on the relationship between Business Strategy and IT
strategy.
6 YES
NO
The above illustration represents the centrality of MIS
infrastructure and services to the achievement of firm
success.
7 YES
NO
Amazon is routinely sited as the most popular online
shopping site. The main reason for this is that Amazon
has been in this business more than any other
businesses.
8 YES
NO
Ultimately, what the firm delivers to customers, its
quality, is a direct function of the power of its
infrastructure.
9 YES
NO
New information technologies have a powerful impact
on business and IT strategies, as well as the services
that can be provided to customers.
Q-2 Different types of Information system recommended in an organisation
Different types of Information system Description
TPS This can be determined as the transaction
processing system that is used to record day-to-
day business transactions (Laudon and Laudon,
2015). Implementation of this Information
system in the business will help in smooth

functioning of the day-to-day activities of the
business. For example, Point of sale system,
Payroll system, Stock control system etc.
DSS Decision Support System uses the input from
internal system and provides the solutions to
the problems. This IS can be used by Senior
management to make non Routine decisions.
MIS Management information system helps in
analysing the current performance of the
business. Implementing this software in the
company will help in improving the
profitability and delivering the improved
services comparatively. This also helps in
predicting the future performance. This IS is
used by Tactical Managers . For example,
Sales Management, Budgeting System and
HRM system etc.
Q-3 a). Characteristics of Cloud computing
Cloud computing can be defined as the practice of using remote servers hosted on
internet in order to store, manage and process the data which relies on sharing of resources
(Laudon and Laudon, 2016). Characteristics of Cloud computing are as follows:
On-demand service
This can be provisioned without human interactions and This also uses the web as a self-service
portal by interface in order to see the cloud services such as data storage space, virtual machine
instances, virtualisation of data etc. It mainly allows the users to provision cloud computing
resources automatically without requiring human intersections.
Resource pooling
Cloud computing resources are generally designed to support a multi-tenancy model that
allows multiple customers to share a common application while retaining security and privacy

over the data and information. Resource pooling basically provides the services to multiple
clients through the common physical infrastructure on the same economy of scale.
Broad network access
This computing resources are generally available over the network and this can be
accessed by diverse platform of customers (Lee, Kao and Yang, 2014). Cloud computing
consists of two very important aspects such as Bandwidth and latency. These aspects are linked
with the quality of services on the network.
Rapid elasticity
Elasticity can be determined as the landmark of cloud computing as this has the ability to
quickly provision the resources on the cloud. With the cloud computing scalability, there is a less
capital expenditure on the cloud customer side. As usage of the cloud data, capacity and cost can
be scaled up or down. Just-in-time services are required in order to either provision the resources
and or less.
b). Drawbacks of Cloud computing with example
The convenience and accessibility of the cloud derives many business organisations to
adopt the cloud computing technology in order to perform efficient business operations (Link,
And et.al., SCIENCELOGIC Inc, 2017). As it provides easy accessibility so risk of insecure
interfaces, data loses and theft of the account credentials increases which involves various
drawbacks such as:
Denial of services
This can be considered as one of the biggest threat involved in providing the cloud
services in this technological world. This technology makes it easier for attackers to flood the
network connection with large number of requests simultaneously. This may result in denial of
services which can be determined as a intended attack of the attacker which is mainly meant to
shutdown the network or machine which leads to inaccessibility of data from the users.
Loss of Data
As the internet connection provides easy accessibility of large amount of database then it
may be responsible for the loss of the data or destruction of the large amount of data altogether.
There are many reputable cloud services that offers the protection and security to the loss of the
data.

For instance, Denial of services is a security attack that causes a large amount of
destruction to data base and this may attempt to prevent the legitimate user to access services.
Attacker access the confidential data and it may bay be used and manipulated for the wrong
intention.
Q-4 a). Definition of Database and also describe that DBMS are better system as compared to
Flat files
Database can be termed as a organised collection of the data which is stored
electronically on the computer systems. DBMS can be helped in easily access, manage and
update the data in row and column format(Naser and Al Shobaki, 2016). Flat file database used
to store the data in a single table structure. These are typically plain text files that stores one
record per line with the record field denoted by white space or delimiters such as commas or
tabs. Although, DBMS is better then flat file system in every aspects of database. Such benefits
can be described as
 DBMS consists of the structured database which can be easily accessible and more
efficient then flat file system as it stores the data in files which consumes lot of time to
manipulate the data.
 Flat file stores the data in a single directory on the other hand, DBMS is better as it stores
the data in an organised manner which is as efficient as the more data is added to it.
 DBMS is a more user friendly as compared to flat file system.
b). Importance of Data mining tool and also determine the situation in the company where this
tool is used.
Data mining can be determined as the set of methodology that is used in analysing the
data from various perspectives that are used for summarising and grouping the data (Perrier and
Barnes, 2018). This technique is basically used for abstraction of a specific data from the large
amount of database. Various data mining tools are available such as Weka, Rapid miner,
DataMelt, KEEL etc. Data mining tool is used to identify the required data from the collection of
huge amount of database and conversion of this data in meaningful information which can be
used further. Importance of data mining tool are as follows:
Rapid Miner: This is the leading predictive analytical technique that is helping the enterprises in
Business process. This tool is also compatible with weak scripts which can be used for business
or commercial application, research and education.

Weka: This is a Java based free and open source software which can be used on Linux, Mac, OS
X and Windows. It packages tools for pre processing classification, regression, clustering,
association rules and visualisation.
Data Melt: This tool does much more than just Data Mining. This tool offers various
computational platforms such as Statistics, numericals, symbolic computations and scientific
visualisation etc.
Q-5 a). Suggestions for Sandwich shop business process to improve the efficiency of a local
business shop
Consumers are mostly aware of their choices these days so managers need to implement
the best Information System that ensures most suitable demanded product at the right time, right
place and right price. Efficiency of the sandwich shop can be improved by adopting a systematic
approach can be helpful in increasing the operational efficiency of the business. Suggestions for
improving the efficiency of the sandwich shop are as follows:
 Automatic reordering and payment method helps in automatically taking the orders of
customers which saves the time and human efficiency (Sassen, 2016). Managers should
implement contract management software to improve the efficiency as it helps in
estimating the clear budget of resources required at sandwich shop.
 In order to perform Streamlined scheduling, Managers need to focus on the standardised
material in order to achieve the effective production. Use of Scheduling app will helps in
improving the efficiency and also reduce the time invested on scheduling the business
activities.
 Optimise the Ordering area Owners of the Sandwich shop should also need to develop
a business process plan in order to perform the efficient operations.
Three business process of sandwich shop includes the following three steps:
 Take order and payments
 Make sandwich and wrap it
 Handover to customer
All the above process can be better coordinated by employing the use of information
system in the business and this ultimately supports efficient operations of the sandwich shop.
b). Primary components of comprehensive CRM System
Primary components of the Customer Relationship Management can be identified below:

Lead management: This is referred as keeping the track of the sales as well as their distribution.
Most of the sales industries are benefited by This components of CRM (Speed, 2016). It involves
the customised design of forms, finalising the mailing lists, efficient management of campaigns.
Human Resource Management: This involves the correct and effective use of human efforts
and skills at a specific situation of the business.
Customer service: Customer relationship Management emphasizes on collecting the
information and data from the customers which helps in delivering the services which satisfies
the loyal customers of the company.
Q-6 a). E-policies to protect the business
Encryption policy: This helps in operating the data and information by encrypting it into the
other formats (Stair and Reynolds, 2013). This policy helps in encrypting the user password by
applying different encryption methods and this is most secured way to protect the data and
information.
password Management policy: This helps in managing the strong passwords as manageable as
possible. As employee password is the first line to defence the data and protect the confidential
information from unauthorised users.
Data access policy: This policy helps in providing access to only those people who are
authenticated to access such data. Other wise all the extracted data will be displayed to
unauthorised users.
b). Provide the use of Authentication technologies that restrict the access of unauthorised users in
organisational system
Authentication is a process which provides the accessibility to the users in order to use
the data and information of the company. This can be considered as the first step in access
control. It provides three factors that restricts the accessibility of the database from unauthorised
users. This includes the following factors:
1. Something you know: This can be determined as the passwords, so identification occus at
the time when user professes an identity. This factor helps in identifying the
authentication by the correct user name and password of the user.
2. Something you have: This factor helps in identifying the authenticated user by the
evidence such as smart cards etc. this authenticate the identity of the user by identifying

the cards as well as matching the password kept at server (Components of Customer
Relationship Management, 2018).
3. Something you are: This is termed as the Biometric method which provides the
authentication with the help of accessing the fingerprints of the person. These also
includes various methods such as retina of an eye, face etc. this helps in recognising the
identity of the user.
PART B
1. New information system trends
The three major information system trends that have brought revolutionary changes for
proper dissemination of data and information to conduct businesses are the following:
 Use of mobile phones platforms: This has assisted in improvising the communication
channels, both direct and indirect channels (Vayena and et.al., 2015). For e.g. apple
itunes, customer service management etc.
 Software-as-a-service: It is popularly known as SaaS. This is one of the software
distribution models that has given platform to the users to connect over the internet. For
e.g. calendaring, email, office tools etc. Cloud Computing: This supports in presentation of any type of information in a concise
and coherent manner. It leads to procuring, storing and analysing the data at widest scale
through multiple platforms such as email messages, sensors, social media etc.
Relationship of Internet and the World Wide Web with other technology components of
information systems
In this regard, the information systems act as the third party provider who lays the
foundation of applications to the hosts via use of internet and World wide web. These two tools
have accelerated the development of the networking and its related concepts in the most
profound manner. E-commerce have gain benefits by applying different components such as
software, hardware etc. of such information-systems at both individual and organizational levels
(Lee, Kao and Yang,2014). Moreover, it paved the path of collaboration and giving services to
the customers whoa re sitting at their homes, offices and can explore varieties of things. This has
also helped in the virtual sharing of resources for gaining competitive advantages in the global
markets.

2. Impact of information systems on businesses operations with their products or services
Information systems have drastically put the changes in how businesses are operating
these days. Customers are easily getting access to the product or service in convenient and proper
manner. Such information systems have reaped advantages and benefits that transformed the
operational practices of organizations. These are as follows:
1. It minimizes the time consumption by cutting down the costing on organizing sessions,
meeting, discussions along with unnecessary travelling. This helps in checking the
validity and reliability parameters attached with the production/marketing/packaging and
many more functional units.
2. Use of wireless technological tools and techniques through websites, mobile applications
etc. which gives instant information regarding the product and connect with consumers
from any geographical location of the world.
3. This provides a connecting link between the space and time shifting by making the
management flexible and efficiency. Example Wal-Mart’s RetailLink system for
effective arrangement of replenishment system.
4. Promotion and advertising have become cost effective since digital marketing has
reduced the hiring of PR, putting up the billboards, spending on print media tactics etc .
5. It reduced the decision making strategies by incorporating the accuracy factor and made
the running of operational practices smoothly (Eason, 2014). Herby, the production
department is linked management of resources on schedule.
6. For instance: Verizon's web based digital dashboard gives real time data for overcoming
challenges such as complaints of employees' or customers', performance of networking
etc.
7. This mainly deals with the customer services and forms a transparent and clear platform
to attain the productivity and profitability in appropriate order.

3. Challenges and opportunities due to globalization in the flattened world
Challenges-
 It has led to enhanced competition at the global level and local level as well. However,
there is a tough competition in terms of finding a place in markets, allocation of resources
and conceptual ideas etc.
 Sustainability is important aspect to be considered for surviving the ever-growing
competition.
 The economic factors like inflation that has direct influence on the demand and supply
can posed threats to the businesses.
 There are dangerous tools that can lead to illegal and unethical procedures such as
hacking, phishing or making scams or using spam mails. This would affect the credibility
of companies adversely .
 The operational costs and transactions have become easier but it leads to challenging
situation of the above mentioned unethical scenarios.
Opportunities-
a) Customers can shop 24*7 without any obstacles or challenges and also contact the
customer services through feedback form or telephone services available for 24*7. It has
Illustration 1: Inter-dependence between organizations and
information systems
(Source:Information Systems in Global Business Today, 2018)

affected the reductions of costing by proper management of facilities in all over the
world.
b) It widely reduced the cultural disparities between people and giving a platform that
connected them from different geographical locations.
c) Moreover, it has affected the foreign trade through direct investments or outsourcing
(Sassen, 2016).
d) Interdependencies have been improved by arranging a robust integrated framework to
connect the executives, suppliers, shareholders, employees and customers together.
e) It helps in creating new services or products plus designing of new models for business to
achieve efficiency and productivity in all the operational activities of organizations.
4. Business objectives of information-systems
 Operational excellence- This component is necessary for attaining profits and
revenues in maximum amount. There must be an implementation of a wide
distribution network to gain the exposure for targeting the customers in quicker and
faster modes.
 New products, services, and business models- It is one of the important strategic
tactics for overall growth by being innovative and promote creativity.
 Customer and supplier intimacy- These both plays pivotal role as the negotiation
power is proportional to them (Stair and Reynolds,2013). Likewise, it helps in
accelerating the profits and sales volume in efficient manner.
 Improved decision making- In this, correct information is significant to make use of
real time data properly so that their utility can be enhanced.
 Competitive advantage- Hereby, the company might create a business model for
launching of new product or service with steady turnover to acquire the advantages
among the competitors.
 Survival- Their diversification must be widespread to have suitable strategic
planning for expansion and understanding the dynamics of demand-supply to fulfil
customers' requirements.
5. Apply Porter’s Five Forces analytical framework to UPS
United Parcel Service Inc. (UPS) is one of the renowned companies in the global world.
In order to survive among their rival competition, they must understand the framework to sustain

it in effective manner. Henceforth,. Porter's five forces will lay an emphasis on observing the
current situation of this company in their particular area by focusing on enhancing their
profitability and reputation at both national and international levels.
Risk of entry by potential competitors: This company has a strong networking system for
spending money to scale up the economies of scale. Along with, if it will lower the fixed pricing
and can regulate the standards in suitable order to minimise the profit generation of their
competitors. However, they must adopt innovative tactics to attract potential customers plus
maintaining the existing audience.
Rivalry among current competitors: This company faces tough competition due to this intense
sector. Nonetheless, with consistent efforts to lay the foundation of sustainable differentiation, it
has built a scalable quantity to understand the prevalent competition in better approach
(Jarzabkowski and Kaplan, 2015). On the contrary, they must focus on collaborating to
overcome challenges and can compete in larger markets.
Bargaining Power of Buyers: Customers are demanding and want the best pricing. Thus, it adds
to the pressures on this brand to provide better discounts, offers etc. Moreover, they must try to
minimise this bargaining power by streamlining their sales volume by building a larger
customers' base. Whereas, by innovating or inventing new strategic planning, it will be helpful in
decreasing the customers' disorientation from their brand and help in managing the customer
base effectually.
Bargaining Power of Suppliers: This factor has direct influence on UPS profits. Their suppliers
are well connected with multiple supply chains as their expansion is quite large. Sometimes, they
affect their margins in adverse manner. However, on the other hand, they must try to develop a
third party suppliers who are dedicated towards their brand.
Threat of Substitute products:With technological advancements such as google drive, Dropbox
etc., these have posed threats to their profitability. Moreover, they offer good value, yet must be
updated to provide better offers to their customers'. However, there is a need of a switching cost
for their targeted audience and concentrate on the service orientation.

6. UPS embracement of sustainable technologies
Recently, all the regulatory bodies such as COP24,UNO etc. along with the governmental
framework has been emphasizing on the sustainable development in context to the rise of
technologies (Humphries and Huettmann, 2018). Nevertheless, it has led to many beneficial
effects.
 There is promotion of use of greener and clean fuels so that propulsion technology can be
implemented effectively.
 There can be changes made to improve the aerodynamic design along with rolling
resistance so that time can be minimised.
 Moreover, the overall speed can be reduced with the help of adopting the routing
practices.
 This would add to improve the connectivity by gaining the access in the marketplaces at
global scale and support in employment and bringing opportunities.
Illustration 2: Components of Porter’s five forces
(Source: Porter’s Five Forces of Competitive Position Analysis, 2013)

REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Al Shobaki, M.J. and Naser, S.S.A., 2016. Performance development and its relationship to
demographic variables among users of computerized management information systems in
Gaza electricity Distribution Company.
Eason, K.D., 2014. Information technology and organisational change. CRC Press.
Humphries, G.R. and Huettmann, F., 2018. Machine Learning and ‘The Cloud’for Natural
Resource Applications: Autonomous Online Robots Driving Sustainable Conservation
Management Worldwide?. In Machine Learning for Ecology and Sustainable Natural
Resource Management (pp. 353-377). Springer, Cham.
Jarzabkowski, P. and Kaplan, S., 2015. Strategy tools‐in‐use: A framework for understanding
“technologies of rationality” in practice. Strategic Management Journal.36(4). pp.537-558.
Kerzner, H. and Kerzner, H.R., 2017. Project management: a systems approach to planning,
scheduling, and controlling. John Wiley & Sons.
Laudon, K.C. and Laudon, J.P., 2015. Management information systems (Vol. 8). Prentice Hall.
Laudon, K.C. and Laudon, J.P., 2016. Management information system. Pearson Education
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Lee, J., Kao, H.A. and Yang, S., 2014. Service innovation and smart analytics for industry 4.0
and big data environment. Procedia Cirp.16.pp.3-8.
Link, D.F. And et.al., SCIENCELOGIC Inc, 2017. Management techniques for non-traditional
network and information system topologies. U.S. Patent 9,537,731.
Naser, S.S.A. and Al Shobaki, M.J., 2016. Computerized Management Information Systems
Resources and their Relationship to the Development of Performance in the Electricity
Distribution Company in Gaza.
Perrier, L. and Barnes, L., 2018. Developing research data management services and support for
researchers: A mixed methods study. Partnership: The Canadian Journal of Library and
Information Practice and Research. 13(1).
Sassen, S., 2016. The Global City: Strategic Site, New Frontier. In Managing Urban Futures
(pp. 89-104). Routledge.
Speed, T.J., 2016. Asset protection through security awareness. Auerbach Publications.
Stair, R. and Reynolds, G., 2013. Principles of information systems. Cengage Learning.

Vayena, E. and et.al., 2015. Elements of a new ethical framework for big data research. Wash. &
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Management%20Information%20Systems-Managing%20The%20Digital%20Firm
%20(2012)/4.%20Chapter%201%20-%20Information%20Systems%20in%20Global
%20Business%20Today.pdf>.
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Components of Customer Relationship Management. 2018. [Online]. Available
through:<https://crm.walkme.com/components-customer-relationship-management/>