Management, Motivation and Leadership - Desklib

Running head: MANAGEMENT, MOTIVATION AND LEADERSHIP
Management, Motivation and Leadership
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MANAGEMENT, MOTIVATION AND LEADERSHIP
Table of Contents
2.0 Motivation............................................................................................................................2
2.1 Evaluating two content theories and two process theories of motivation........................2
2.2 Comparing two managerial approaches to motivation.....................................................6
2.3 Describing two management styles..................................................................................8
2.4 Explaining relationship between job design and employee motivation...........................9
2.5 Describing impact of job design.....................................................................................10
2.6 Discussing and evaluating ways different social influences affect groups....................12
3.0 Leadership..........................................................................................................................13
3.1 Comparing and contrasting differences between management and leadership..............13
3.2 Describing two leadership styles....................................................................................14
Reference..................................................................................................................................16

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MANAGEMENT, MOTIVATION AND LEADERSHIP
2.0 Motivation
2.1 Evaluating two content theories and two process theories of motivation
Content theories
Maslow’s hierarchy of needs
According to Lepper and Greene (2015), the motivation theory suggested by Maslow
is one of the most commonly applicable motivational theories in management. The aim of the
hierarchy theory is a systematic approach of understanding the human needs and the manner
in which people can achieve ultimate satisfaction by fulfilling the needs. The hierarchy theory
starts by meting the basic needs of the people. Satisfying the physiological need in order to
survive should be the basic goal for people.
In the modern business world, with the meeting of every need people gradually move
up the hierarchy and try to satisfy the remaining needs such as the security of the job and the
physical safety of the people. Along with this people, wants to be loved and recognised so
that they can have a good professional career and live a proper life in the society. At the next
stage, people also need to release the self-esteem by gaining recognition in the form of
rewards and benefits. The self-actualisation need provides people with an opportunity to
realise the things they lack and the manner in which people can improve in the organisation.

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MANAGEMENT, MOTIVATION AND LEADERSHIP
Figure 1: Maslow’s hierarchy need theory
(Source: Lepper & Greene, 2015)
Herzberg’s two-factor theory
The two-factor theory proposed by Herzberg identifies two important features that are
required for the survival of an employee in an organisation. These include the hygiene and
the motivation factor. The hygiene factors are the job related factors that are required for
motivating people in an organisation. These factors include the working condition, pay,
fringe benefits and status. An employee does not always require these factors, but the absence
of these factors may cause dissatisfaction. As stated by Reeve (2014) these factors are
extrinsic to the work and include other aspects that guide a company to success such as its
policies, supervisory practises and the amount of salary paid to the employees.
In the modern world, the application of the motivational factors provides positivity
among the people that arise from the type of job that is undertaken by the employees. These
can be related to the fourth and fifth stage of the hierarchical theory of Maslow and include
recognition, achievement and personal growth of the employees. It can be difficult for
employees to continue in an organisation for a long time without these necessary factors. The