Role of Leader and Manager in Different Situational Contexts

This report discusses the role of leaders and managers in different situational contexts, including employee engagement, conflict resolution, and timely delivery of services. It also explores various theories of leadership and the key approaches of operation management. The significance and value of operation management in achieving business objectives are also highlighted.

Management
and Operations

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................1
P2 Explicate role of leader as well as functions of manager within distinct situational contexts.
................................................................................................................................................1
P3 Utilize distinct theories......................................................................................................2
TASK 3 ...........................................................................................................................................3
P4 Explicate key approaches of operation management along with roles of managers and
leaders.....................................................................................................................................3
P5 Illustrate the significance & value of operation management within attainment of
objectives of business.............................................................................................................5
TASK 4............................................................................................................................................7
P6 Evaluate factors that creates influence on decision-making and operational management by
leaders & managers................................................................................................................7
CONCLUSION ...............................................................................................................................8
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................9

INTRODUCTION
Management refers to the art or science associated with bringing in people together for
attainment of goals by integration along with coordination of all the resources in a trenchant
manner. Operations refers to the business activities where firms are engaged within conversion
of raw materials into a final service. Operation management is defined as a study of business
practices for acquiring information associated with working pattern of employees for
accomplishment of objectives in a timely way (Hajmohammad and et. al, 2013). Basically, it
denotes combination of wide range of tasks that are being carried out. This report is based on
Starbucks which is a American coffee-house and renders their services worldwide. Their
products comprises of smoothies, sandwiches, coffee beverages, baked goods and tea. This
report deals with role as well as functions of managers, different theories and key approaches of
operations management. Apart from this, significance and impact has been illustrated within
decision-making process.
TASK 2
P2 Explicate role of leader as well as functions of manager within distinct situational contexts.
A person who creates impact on individuals or diverse group of people for attainment of
their goals is referred to as leader. They are in-charge who are responsible for convincing people
as well as encouraging confidence among them so that they move into action. On the other hand,
manager denotes a person who is liable for motivating as well as supervising employees for
directing progress of firm (Heizer, Render and Munson, 2016). Both leader and manager of
Starbucks have different responsibilities in distinct situations which prevails within the working
environment. It denotes they play the crucial role within formulation of objectives as well as
ensure that they carry out their tasks appropriately which will enable them within the effectual
attainment of desired goals within stipulated time frame. The role as well as function of leader
and managers of Starbucks in different contexts have been provided below: Employee engagement: This denotes a condition through which employees are
motivated, made comfortable as well as encouraged for carrying out their operations in an
affirmative manner. This is crucial for Starbucks to create as well as develop effectual
employee engagement in the firm for bringing in effectiveness within their working
environment. This implies that it is crucial for managers of Starbucks to render
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appropriate guidance as well as inspire their employees on continuous basis. Managers
are liable for formulation of policies and strategies which will influence their employees
within attainment of their goals. Furthermore, leaders are responsible for making the staff
members clear about what they have to do and how it can be done. This leads to
development of affirmative brand image as well ensure sustainability in the market. Conflict resolution: Situation of conflict among employees is issue which can arise in
firm and creates an impact on their performance in an pessimistic way. For avoiding
these situations, managers and leaders have to formulate healthy working environment
through which overall effectiveness of employees can be enhanced (Hübner, Holzapfel
and Kuhn, 2015). Leaders of Starbucks have to determine the reasons which lies behind
the conflict and then try to resolve them before it becomes a serious condition. But in
case disputes take place among managers then they need to carry out healthy interaction
among each other.
 Timely delivering services:Both leaders as well as managers carry out their operation in
collaboration with each other to make sure that activities are conducted in an appropriate
manner. Manager of Starbucks are liable for formulation of strategies as well as make
sure that they are being communicated to each member of a team by leader. Apart from
this, it is responsibility of leader to execute those policies as well as make sure that staff
members works as per strategies. This will lead them to acknowledge the needs of
customers in the given time frame. Furthermore, leader is also responsible to make sure
that quality of their products is maintained and for this they are required to appreciate as
well as motivate their employees so that Starbucks can address customers requirement
appropriately.
P3 Utilize distinct theories
Situational leadership: This theory of leadership is given by Ken Blanchard's and Paul
Hersey. As per this theory, manager of firms can opt for distinct styles of leadership on the basis
of situation which prevails at specified moment. This do not implies that any specific theory is
utilised but rather than this distinct styles of leadership are being followed (Ivanov, Tsipoulanidis
and Schönberger, 2017). This concept can be understood by taking an instance like if employees
of Starbucks are low within the competence then the leader needs to make use of directive style
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of leadership. This theory emphasise on flexibility levels of employees so that anticipations of
employees can be matched which will motivate them to work effectively.
Systems leadership: This denotes that leader can formulate situations where employees
can work in an effective way. Within this theory, principles of human behaviour are being
utilised for development of models associated with organisational strategies, system design, good
leadership and social process. Through the utilisation of this theory, leaders of Starbucks can
identify individuals behaviour towards firm. This will assist firm within development of
approaches in distinct aspects and will lead to render clarity with respect to critical situations
which may arise. This will enable leaders to efficaciously render roles as well as responsibilities
to staff so that they can enhance overall productivity of Starbucks.
Task or relationship-oriented approaches: The approach in which individuals
emphasise on tasks which they have to carry out for meeting the certain standards or goals is
referred to as task oriented approach. On the other hand, approach where person focuses on
general well being as well as motivate their employees for delivering their activities effectively is
defined as relationship-oriented approach (Matta and et. al., 2014). Both approaches are being
utilised by the managers and leaders of Starbucks like manager make use of task oriented and
leader utilise relationship based approach. It is carried out to ensure that overall goals of firm can
be attained within stipulated as well as desired standard.
Applications of Chaos theory: The study of specified type of systems which are liable
for dealing with critical situations whose behaviour is highly sensitive for slight alterations
within conditions is referred to as chaos theory. An example can be taken with respect to
Starbucks, if management make use of this theory then they will be easily able to apt to the
alterations as well as will have the ability to adjust within different situations as they are flexible.
TASK 3
P4 Explicate key approaches of operation management along with roles of managers and leaders.
Operation management is considered as the business activities administration that aids in
developing higher level of efficiency. It is the procedures that assist in transforming raw material
into final products in order to enhance profit (Reid and Sanders, 2019). This is so much crucial
for Starbucks to performed whole practices that is associated with operations in order to attained
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objectives. The various theories of operation management which is utilise by respective
organisation are discussed below:
 Kaizen: It is defined as Japanese approach which focus on improvement. This assists into
production process as well as maximise workers productivity. This particular approach
follow five basic tents such as improved morale, personal discipline an so on.
Modification is crucial aspects of every company as well as Starbucks has to
continuously develop and upgrade its work methods. This will assists them to produce
effective quality of coffee beans as well as maximise sales as well. Herein, the role of
leaders is to inspire its staff for performing task in efficacious manner and manager have
to set of standards of the quality for developing their working quality.
 Just in time: This is considered as the management approach which leads towards
positioning the raw materials directly form suppliers to manufacturing section. It is
developed to increase production methods as well as productivity of firm (SA and Rica,
2016). It is utilised through Starbucks for keeping records of stock and final products.
Herein, the role of leader is to assure that appropriate raw material is available with
manufacturing division as well as efficacious material is available for finished products.
Moreover, the manager role is to decide the quantity of products availability. Thus, this
minimises the problem of late delivery as appropriate amount of material are available.
 Six sigma: It is defined a the approach that is concentrated upon maximising operational
management value through reducing errors possibilities. Starbucks can apply this
approach for minimising costs, remove defects that is helpful in saving time as well as
resources of organisation as this is costly to adapt this in order to perform their operations
but in case this is executed in efficacious manner then it may decrease the expenditure of
non operations through enhancing quality. Herein, the role of leader is to guide their
workers for optimum utilisation of resources with effective quality. Where as role of
manager is to formulate appropriate decisions related to this approach and monitor that it
is used effectively and efficiently for enhancing profitability.
 Lean manufacturing: Lean manufacturing is a technique developed in the Japanese
manufacturing industry which addresses the reduction in eliminating waste while
maximising the productivity simultaneously (Saucedo-Martínez and et. al., 2018). It
focusses on taking full advantage of the resources available so that very little to no waste
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is generated during the process. So in this the role of Starbucks managers ensures that
customers receive value and a greater quality with the effort and work put in by the
workers. They are also responsible for motivating the workers so that solutions are
developed and initiatives are taken. Whereas leaders encourage the workers to look for
courses of action to improve process and equipping them with enough training and
understanding of the process they are working on.
 Queuing theory: It can be referred to as the study of waiting in lines, it examines every
part of waiting in a line from the arrival process to the number of servers to the number to
costumers. This particular theory helps the management of Starbucks in making informed
decisions so that more effective, efficient and cost-effective systems can be developed. In
this, managers are responsible for making more informed decisions as a result of which
more effective decisions are made. Leaders on the other hand lead the teams and are in
charge of supporting and helping the workers with any kind of issue that comes up.
P5 Illustrate the significance & value of operation management within attainment of objectives
of business.
Operation management is considered as the important components which utilises for
managing the quality of products and services with the assistance of several quality standards. It
is the essential aspects that assists in achieving the objectives of the company as well as getting
clients satisfaction (Slack and Brandon-Jones, 2018). So, the Starbucks have various objectives
such as providing standard quality products, accomplishing the requirements of customers and
many others. The importance and significance of operation management in order to meet the
objectives of company are explained below:
Importance of operation management
As operation management is essential for each and every business. So, some importance
of operation management in Starbucks are discussed below:
 Consumer satisfaction: The main intent of any business is to facilitate satisfaction to its
clients in effective way. As they are the individuals who avail services and purchase
products as well as maximise its income and sales. Starbucks have to adapt that
strategies, practices and approaches for facilitating consumer satisfaction efficaciously.
So that it may able to raise its profit and productivity as well.
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 Enhance revenue: Operation management execute several approaches for enterprises to
maximise its income as well as sales. It facilitates advantage to Starbucks through
executing that various approach which is needed. Thus, this enhance revenues for its
entity for expanding its operations and practices into several areas so that they can able to
increase profitability and sales which leads towards raising brand value as well as
goodwill at market area.
 Waste reduction: It is defined as the important components of operation management.
With the assistance of Just in Time approach, operation manager of Starbucks may able
to reduce wastage while facilitating their products. Moreover, this is also helpful in
reducing extra cost which maximises cost during production procedures.
Value of operation management:
The operation management value are discussed below: Effective quality of products and services: The management of operation leads towards
improving products or service quality through Starbucks by using effective approach. It is
utilised through business for its clients for maximising effective quality of products or
services (Smilowitz, Nowak and Jiang, 2013). Within competitive marketplace, lack of
adapting approach leads towards business failure. Therefore, both firms and clients
consider to facilitate efficacious goods for market in order to enhance sales as well as
attaining goals of business. Capability to enhance productivity: Operation management assists to enhance Starbucks
value through maximising productivity appropriately. It is utilised into chosen firms for
profit maximisation as well as performs activities as well as practices of business
effectually.
 Higher standard of living: The living standards of individuals may maximise through
facilitating higher products quality into specified time duration. It is possible only if
Starbucks adapt operation management into its business for maximising their
profitability. Therefore, this is very much crucial for company to perform for
effectiveness of clients and its welfare.
Functions of operation management:
 Transforming raw material into finished products: Generally the main intent of whole
business is to produce products by enhancing utilisation of available resources and obtain
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more income. The crucial function of operation manager in organisation is to ascertain
demands of products and convert raw materials into finished products for meeting the
needs of consumers. Starbucks can also analyse the product demands for obtaining more
profitability. It is the methods for improving wastage minimisation and reduced cost of
production. In addition to this, it is beneficial for selected organisation as it aids in
facilitating goods at affordable price as well as results in meeting customers expectations.
 Product designing: Designing of products is defined as the crucial functions of operation
sections. This particular functions assists them to formulate creative products as well as
aids in attaining clients demands and needs. In this, the accountabilities and roles of
Starbucks manager is to ensures that effective quality of products can be developed that
will bring organisational value.
TASK 4
P6 Evaluate factors that creates influence on decision-making and operational management by
leaders & managers.
There are several factors which effects leaders as well as managers decisions within
Starbucks. Few factors are explained below:
 Ethics: This is considered as the firm's principles by which they may competent to
identify which one is efficacious or not effectual. Starbucks perform its daily practices or
operations ethically by which workers as well as another stakeholder are interested
towards organisation. In this manager and leader have to develop decisions fro workers as
well as organisation in ethical way (Smilowitz, Nowak and Jiang, 2013). In addition to
this, they have to explain the ethical code of conduct to its personnel so that it have the
knowledge regarding which one is efficacious and which is not into work place. This will
has impacts upon its decision making as it must have to up dated with new policies
related to ethics at the time of making decisions.
 Sustainability: For firm, it is defined as the success degree in which they sustain in
market area for long period. Starbucks in acquiring sustainability within market area
through facilitating higher quality products as well as accountably produced goods. Also,
they invest in way to opportunity by training, employment and education. The leader
have to inspire their workers so that they can work effectually. It have impacts upon
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manager decision making as it have to analyse business atmosphere and its sustainability
for future. Management have to make plan of action as well as strategies based on that
leadership should ensure that they implements appropriately or not. This relationship aids
respective firm to sustain for long time.
 Corporate social responsibility: This is defined as the management concepts that
combines social as well as environmental concerns about operations of business through
communicating with its major stakeholders (Zangiskide Lima and da Costa, 2015).
Moreover, this is the path through which firm can able to attain economic balance, social
and environmental imperatives for gaining optimal types of outputs. In respect of
Starbucks, its corporate social responsibility strategy is depends upon three pillars such as
community, ethical sourcing and environment. With the assistance of corporate social
responsibilities firms are competent to obtain sustainability as well as loyalty of its
stakeholders in optimistic way. Herein, the relationship among leadership and
management is that, managers develop strategy regarding this accordingly leaders have to
guide its subordinates in effective and efficient manner.
CONCLUSION
As per the above report, this has been concluded that management as well as operations
both plays efficacious role in attainment of objectives. Moreover, some problems raise into firm
that are employee involvement, conflict and many others so this can be resolve by effective
functioning of managers and leaders. The company has to adapt efficacious leadership approach
such as contingency, system and etc. for obtaining solution regarding raised issues so that more
profit will be gained. Moreover, there are few approaches of operation management like Just in
time, kaizen and many others assists company to to produce effective quality products as well as
maximise sales as well. In addition to this, Consumer satisfaction, enhance revenue, waste
reduction, effective quality of products and services, capability to enhance productivity and
many more are some value and importance of operation management. Moreover, there are some
factors such as ethics, sustainability and so on which impact managers as well as leaders decision
making and their relationship effectively and efficiently.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Hajmohammad, S. and et. al, 2013. Reprint of Lean management and supply management: their
role in green practices and performance. Journal of Cleaner Production, 56, pp.86-93.
Heizer, J., Render, B. and Munson, C., 2016. Operations management. Pearson Australia Pty
Limited.
Hübner, A., Holzapfel, A. and Kuhn, H., 2015. Operations management in multi-channel
retailing: an exploratory study. Operations Management Research, 8(3-4), pp.84-100.
Ivanov, D., Tsipoulanidis, A. and Schönberger, J., 2017. Global supply chain and operations
management. A Decision-Oriented Introduction to the Creation of Value.
Matta, A. and et. al., 2014. Modelling home care organisations from an operations management
perspective. Flexible Services and Manufacturing Journal, 26(3), pp.295-319.
Reid, R. D. and Sanders, N. R., 2019. Operations management: an integrated approach. John
Wiley & Sons.
SA, P. W. P. and Rica, C., 2016. Forest management.
Saucedo-Martínez, J. A., and et. al., 2018. Industry 4.0 framework for management and
operations: a review. Journal of ambient intelligence and humanized computing, 9(3),
pp.789-801.
Slack, N. and Brandon-Jones, A., 2018. Operations and process management: principles and
practice for strategic impact. Pearson UK.
Smilowitz, K., Nowak, M. and Jiang, T., 2013. Workforce management in periodic delivery
operations. Transportation Science, 47(2), pp.214-230.
Smilowitz, K., Nowak, M. and Jiang, T., 2013. Workforce management in periodic delivery
operations. Transportation Science, 47(2), pp.214-230.
Zangiski, M.A.D.S.G., de Lima, E.P. and da Costa, S.E.G., 2013. Organizational competence
building and development: Contributions to operations management. International
Journal of Production Economics, 144(1), pp.76-89.
Online
WHAT IS JUST-IN-TIME MANUFACTURING (JIT). 2019. [ONLINE]. AVAILABLE
THROUGH: <https://leankit.com/learn/lean/what-is-just-in-time-manufacturing/>.
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