Different Approaches of Operation Management

This article discusses the key approaches of operation management, including planning, organizing, and controlling in the production process. It explores how these approaches contribute to the efficient functioning of an organization.

MANAGEMENT AND
OPERATIONS

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................3
P1 Different roles and characteristics of leaders and manager of H&M.....................................3
P2 Role of leaders and functions of manager in different situation.............................................5
P3 Different theories and models of leadership...........................................................................6
P4 Key approaches of operation management ............................................................................8
P5 Importance of operation management ...................................................................................9
P6 Factors of business environment that impact of operational management...........................11
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................12
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................13

INTRODUCTION
The management is a primary function that assist to get people work together for the
activities of organizations goal as well as objectives. There are different activities that are
performed in this planning, organizing, directing and controlling the things are the main four
functions of management (Pereira and et. al., 2019). The operation refers to managing the inside
activities so that business can run with maximum efficiently. Every business have there
individual operational management that assist to put the contribution in a way that it can produce
maximum output (Özsoy and Örkcü, 2021). H&M is a global retailer of clothes and also known
for its fast fashion clothing for men, women, teenage and children. This report will evaluate the
difference between role of leaders and the functions of manager and the role of leaders and
manager in different situational context with different approaches. Further it will show the
importance and the value of operation management in achievement of business objectives, the
relationship of leadership and management in business environment.
MAIN BODY
P1 Different roles and characteristics of leaders and manager of H&M
The leaders and managers have different roles and responsibility to perform in H&M.
Leaders uses to focuses on the roles and managers focus on the functions. The leaders have their
main duty to improve the inspiration in the employees by providing training and development
programs (Sumets, 2018). The manager has the duty to complete daily activities in an
organization (Pereira and et. al., 2019).
Leaders Managers
 Leaders in H&M uses to have a
personality that have a positive attitude
and ensure the company people to get
the vision of the company.
 The leaders are regularly motivate the
employees to achieve the organizational
goal and objectives.
 The leaders in H&M have personality
 The managers of H&M have their
individual vision, and they also tell that
particular to the employees. They also
have leadership skills and also
encourage the employees to work
together.
 The managers in H&M have ability to
direct the activities that has to be

which is honest and integrity character
which help the employees to
understand what they are explaining
(Anbu, 2019).
 The leaders have responsibility to
inform its group people about the
important information related to the
company objectives and goals.
completed in daily basis. They also
review the resources that are required in
the process.
 The manager has the role to process the
management with this type develop the
rules and standard that assist to manage
the things.
 To look to the people their individual
needs, listen to them and also involve
them in the activities.
Characteristics of leaders and managers in H&M
Integrity: It is being important to be honest for the leaders in H&M (Cunningham and Walsh,
2019). The people under the “leaders” also follow them if they are integrated then employees
also develop the same quality. The integrity show that leaders are more trust worthy and perform
their task with maximum efficiency.
Self-awareness: The leaders in H&M should be self-aware as with self understanding of things
assist to better work. The leaders make the own assumption for the situation that arise during the
process of leading people.
Focus of employees strength: The managers usually focussed on employee's strength as it will
help to enhance the performance of H&M. With the help of these employees are also tries to
work in the same organization for long period. Manager make efforts to develop the knowledge
and skills of employees.
Leadership theory and management theory
Behavioural theory: This leadership style assist to develop individual into leader by explaining
the behaviour through consequences present in the individual environment. The learning which
they have acquired from earlier experiences (Keogh, Robinson and Parnell, 2019).
Henry Fayol's management theory: This is theory which assist to manage the regular activities
of the H&M. This approach have 14 principles that help to manage the performance of people in
the organization. The work is being divided into people according to their speicfic knowledge

and skills. The authority and responsibility is provided to each of the staff member to perform
their duties within the company. Employees are working with proper discipline to perform better
and more effective. The orders are pass by a single authority to the employee's and many other
principles are helping the senior person to manage the activities and people.
Leadership theory analysis: With the help of behaviour theory the employees can use the
experience in current situation. The self belief is being increased with this leadership style with
the help this the confidence is being developed in the employees. Whereas, it has some negative
point which assist to avoid the mental process that is contributed in the learning. As this theory
of leadership is time-consuming and in this personal bases also impact on the managers and
leaders decisions as they are always thought they will make the decisions.
P2 Role of leaders and functions of manager in different situation
The leaders and manager have various role and functions for smooth functioning in H&M. The
leaders in the company regularly try to pull the group of people towards the organizational goal
and manager push them to achieve their individual goals. While performing the activities of
organization, H&M face different situation in which leaders and managers play their individual
roles and functions (Cunningham and Walsh, 2019).
Conflict: This situation is very common in every organization the conflicts may occur between
the people in the group in every kind of situation. It is basically clash between the individual
with another. The conflicts not consider beneficial or non-beneficial for the company rather than
this help to develop a meaning between the group and the individual person in it. The leaders try
to make the group people to work together and also evaluate the activities to perform in the
organization. Whereas, the managers have duty to resolve the different type of conflicts like
functional conflict, horizontal conflicts, hierarchical conflicts (Gustafsson, Hermelin and Smas,
2019). So to resolve this all managers of H&M interfere in the proper mapped way and correct
the prescription. Manager is responsible for the proper operation system that company have in
the functions. Therefore, the leaders and managers have to make an effective action plan to deal
with those people who are facing conflict.
New product launching: When H&M is going to launch new commodity in the market so the
leaders in the company motivate the employee's who are going to perform the marketing function

more effectively. The employees are also provided different inspirational speech that assist them
to perform better in their work. The leaders also explain the product to all the employee's they
should know about product before promoting in market. Leaders also take feedback from the
employees so that their doubts get clear, and they can perform effectively.
The managers have to plan the activities which are undertaken in the product launching
process. The managers also develop a good team that can perform the marketing process more
efficiently. The managers of H&M develop a product life cycle, gathering and analysis the
requirement of customers so that they can provide a quality that customer will feel satisfied.
Manager will also organize the activities to inspect the market so that they can create that
product which can fulfil the need of the potential customers as well as new buyers. The managers
also will make a meeting with the stakeholders of H&M to explain the position. Further they
make efforts to prepare the team to launch product and then finally launch in the best possible
manner. There are number of similarities in the role of leaders and the function which are being
processed by managers in H&M. As both are responsible to make an effective decision and
solving the problems within the organization. As leaders uses to take decision within the
company and managers are taking decisions within the team or particular department. In H&M
the managers uses to plan for the task and also prepare the budget on the other side leaders are
giving direction to the employees to achieve the plan. The managers in H&M uses to organize
and assist to hire staff of the company and leaders are aligned and make use of that staff to make
their contribution towards H&M.
P3 Different theories and models of leadership
Situational leadership: The leaders in the H&M can make use of this style when they want to
use different leadership approach as per the situation that arise in the organization and
development level of the team members (Jiang, 2020). This leadership style is very effective for
H&M as it uses to adapt the need of team and also set beneficial balance within organization.
Advantages Disadvantages
 With the help of this leadership style
H&M can easily identify the need for
the flexibility.
 The situational approaches help to
 Mostly the use of this leadership style
will focus on immediate needs not long-
term needs of the H&M. This assist to
resolve the current situation not the end

create a comfortable situation that
allow them to perform their individual
duties in effective manner (Fischer,
Dietz and Antonakis, 2017).
 The leaders are also become more
aware regarding the situation, this
approach assist to adopt an approach
that help the employee's to remain
productive.
objectives of the H&M.
 H&M have task orientated environment
than it become ineffective in such
conditions. The leaders become less
flexible with this and the strength is also
minimized in leaders.
 The leaders also face issues to get
information as the different people
response in different way with
leadership style (Davis, 2020).
 With this leadership style H&M may
face confusion between the employees
System leadership: This leadership approach is a set of skills and capacity that H&M and its
employees have to support the process of change. This is usually suitable for the complex
situation as H&M is a huge organization and have different functions so it becomes
decomposable process and this can not be solved by direct means this approach have different
element that help to apply (Crosby and Bryson, 2018).
Advantages Disadvantages
 This leadership style provide collective
view of the H&M and also emphasis to
adapt the change that are occurring
externally in environment (Kibbe,
2019).
 This approach help to evaluate the
system at all the levels and also
interrelated in unified set of direction.
It also assists to focus on individual as
well as group goals (Hartono, Sulistyo
and Umam, 2019).
 Any unfavourable this is claimed as
theoretical approach in this so this
approach my impact negative.
 The relationship between the factors of
environment are also not defined
accurately with this theory of
leadership.

 It also considers how environment
influence the H&M or vice versa. The
interaction of internal with external is
the significant contribution of this
theory in H&M.
Contingency theory of management: This is theory that assist the managers in H&M to adopt
that theory that is most suitable as per the situations. Contingency help managers to understand
the task of planning, leadership, controlling or organization are dependent on the particular
circumstances.
Advantages Disadvantages
 By making use of these H&M can
easily deal with the dynamic situation
easily. The manager changes the
policies as per the needs of company.
 Contingency approach help the
manager to improve the decision-
making in the company.
 The H&M employees also get
opportunities to growth and share their
ideas in the business (Ruben and
Gigliotti, 2017).
 The contingency approach is not that
much simple as it looks like when H&M
will make use of it become complex.
 This is generally reactive in the nature
so it managers are also facing problems
to handle this situation.
 The literature section is being
insufficient and inadequate.
Strength and weaknesses of approaches
From the above study it can be evaluated that the leaders of H&M has played their role
by using different leadership style. In the situation of conflict in the company they have used
democratic leadership style to take the suggestion from the employee's to take the decision.
Strength: this assist to resolve the difficult situation, as the skills and knowledge are limited to
the individual leader in H&M (Gustafsson, Hermelin and Smas, 2019). This leadership approach

help to empower leaders to perform the activities collectively. The employees are being more
creative by this approach as this leadership is general so anyone in the H&M can use this.
Weaknesses: When the leader will take the suggestion from the employees than it may create
negative feeling. When a single employee skill is being used repeatedly and other employees feel
like their opinion is being ignored in this, and they got demotivated.
P4 Key approaches of operation management
The operation management is process that include planning the things, organizing and
controlling to producing the commodity (Gustafsson, Hermelin and Smas, 2019). The operation
management is region which concerned with controlling and developing the process of
production. There are different approaches that are used in operation management.
Flexible specialization: As per this management practise H&M strategy can help to compete in
more effective manner. The employee's have different skills which are being working together in
different organization. In simple sense it can be understood that H&M has machinery and the
people can do many things. The equipment has multiple use with rapidly changing marketplace
and the environment in H&M. This approach is basically based on the innovation within the
organization. The leaders have to perform their duties to lead the group of people to perform
their task in more efficient manner. The managers have to influence employees to perform the
duties in a way that all can coordinate effectively.
Just in time method: With the help of this operational management style the production is being
done in particular time frame. The inventory is being managed by this approach the leaders and
mangers have their responsibilities to use the resources in a way that they get effectively used
within the company. The leaders of H&M train the employees to know about the manner to
produce the products in the H&M (Popovič and et. al., 2018). Wastage is being minimized and
reduce the cost so that they can offer maximum value to the customers. The managers organize
training instance for the marketing and sales team so that resource get optimally utilized.
PDCA: This is approach of plan-do-check-adjust, the management authority and other senior
people of H&M use this strategy of management to control the situations that arise in the
company. While planning the objectives higher authority undertake different aspect, and then
they develop a plan that all the employees are satisfied with. In the second stage of do senior
people are working to achieve the goal that is being developed by managers. Checking step the

information are gathered from the previous process of this management approach. The act phase
comes to make required adjustment in the process.
The managers of H&M are uses to develop a process and framework for the employees
so that they can perform work more systematically. The leaders in this work on the plan and
process so that employees are engaged with the works.
P5 Importance of operation management
Operation management is a process of managing the operation activities like planning the
objectives, controlling of activities, supervising the subordinates and providing quality of
product and services (Tortorella and et. al., 2021). The managers in this make sure that things
are being effective or not. The operation management play vital role in achieving the objectives
of operation management.
Improvement Product quality: The operational activities assist to develop a favourable quality
of the products and services that are being produced in H&M. The managers and the leaders are
regularly working to increase the durability as well as reliability of the products in the operation
process.
Enhance productivity: The productivity is basically percentage of input and output and
managers can also verify employees contribution with this. With the operational management
practise managers ensure proper staffing of people to use the resource optimally so that
maximum profit can be generated. The operation is the main element of through which
production of H&M can enhanced.
Satisfaction level of customers: The customer's satisfaction is the main goal of H&M, so they
perform the activities in a way that they can provide maximum value to its customers this
improves the satisfaction level. The managers of H&M make sure that customer is getting
quality of product. Customer's assist to grow the company so that they should treat more
effectively.
Reduce operational cost: With effective operation process the H&M can reduce the cost that is
incurred in the process of production. The managers are taking step to maintain the quality and
customer's satisfaction high and this lead to lower the cost. The operation management not only
focussed on the cost, the quality is also aimed by the managers.

Motivate employees: The operation management help to motivate group of people that are
working towards their individual role. The managers used to guide the people about the role and
responsibilities and also provide a healthy atmosphere where they can perform the duties
effectively. The operation management provide career development opportunities to the people
so that they have positive image of H&M in their mind. The leaders in this assist to inspire
employee's morale so that they can perform more effective and more better. They both are trying
to motivate the team employees so that the common goal can be achieve more effectively.
Leaders and managers role to improve efficiency operation management
There are different activities that are being organized and controlled by the leaders and
managers of H&M. The operation management process is also carried by manager and leaders so
for this they plan very effective to make use of the resources with no wastage.
Focus attention: To achieve the operational objectives the leaders of H&M try to make the
focus of all the employees towards the end goal. As in the process of operation the leaders are
regularly inspiring the employee's with trainings and development programs. The leaders are
stimulating the performance of each employee in H&M and try to enhance their productivity.
Encourage physical activities: The leaders are encouraging the activities which have to perform
for better operation management in the H&M. The employees are guided by leaders to complete
their duties. If all the employee's will work with positive attitude then operation efficiency get
higher.
Whereas the managers are developing those policies and procedures which are help to
build efficient operation management in H&M. They also assist human resource to recruit the
employees when there is need. They also structured the company in a way that information can
travel in proper manner.
Operational management that impact on business environment: H&M is a multinational
organization uses to perform the activities in different environment (Pereira and et. al., 2019).
The operation management include the process which help company to get competitive
advantages and other benefits (Vidal And et. al., 2017). The environment is being effective by
having good operation practise.

P6 Factors of business environment that impact of operational management
The environment of H&M influence the operational management practise the internal and
external factors are affecting the process of operation. The H&M have dynamic environment that
regularly affect the decision-making of company (Agi and Nishant, 2017).
Employees: The employees are the main parties that used to suggest the decision in H&M, yet
they are only people who will ultimately work of the company. So the managers develop those
process which are easy to understand by them and which develop a favourable environment of
working (Jiang, 2020).
CSR: H&M is following the social responsibilities in effective manner that helps leaders to
make the decision regarding the employees. The H&M can also develop good image in front of
audience who is being attracted towards the brand. The managers at H&M are also making
efforts to perform their activities keeping in mind the responsibilities towards the society. The
managers and leaders in H&M have to combine perform their duties for effective working.
Ethics: Managers try to make those decision which assist organization to gain the profit in right
way and there is no unfair practises are involved in this. As they are taking decision within the
departments of H&M in that manner that employees are not being harm. The leaders are
following the decision and align the employees so that they can work to achieve the target.
External factors analysis
The external factors are also influencing the decision-making of leaders and mangers in H&M.
Political if the government uses to change its policies regarding the company regularly so the
managers have to look at all the policies and procedures that are set by H&M and also have to be
flexible with the change. For example when the new government come with new rules and
policies for the clothing's industry then H&M also have to modify its work and also have to
perform all its activities.
Economical factor of external environment shows in the economy there are different situations
arise which are being managed by mangers and leaders of the company. As in the condition of
Brexit and pandemic situation managers and leaders have to take different decision that are
totally different from the previous process. When the economic is facing any issue like higher
inflation rate in the UK market will influence the H&M to change itss strategies as well as
procedures.

Technological factors are also assisted the managers to change their decisions as they have to
change their technology with the change in the market. When the competitors of H&M will
update their technologies then to sustain in the market and to retain its customers it becomes
important for H&M to change accordingly.
Social factor are also impacting the H&M manager to take that decision which are preferred by
the people of the society. Legal factors are also influencing company decision as they must
follow all the rules and laws that are developed by government. The customers of H&M are
having ever-changing needs so H&M usually get influenced by this and change their products
when the trends changes.
Environment is the one of the common factor to influence the decision as company have to
frame itself in which they are performing their operational activities. H&M is also influenced
when there is climate change and any other issue related to environment.
CONCLUSION
This report concludes that management operation is managing the activities of operation
which assist H&M to perform its activities more effectively. Leaders and managers are having
different role while working in operational management. They are performing to make use of
resource very optimally so that they can provide maximum value to the customer's. Further the
internal and external environment is affecting the business environment to take different decision
by managers and leaders of H&M.

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