Operations Management and Sustainability Practices

This assignment provides a comprehensive overview of operations management and sustainability practices. It covers various aspects such as sustainable logistics and supply chain management, lean management, and home care organization modeling. The assignment also includes research papers on air transport management, power management, and UAS traffic management. Additionally, it highlights the importance of conducting systematic literature reviews in operations management.

Management &
Operations

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
P1. Define and compare the different roles and characteristics of a leader and manager......1
M1. Differentiate between the role of a leader and function of a manager by effectively
applying a range of theories and concepts..............................................................................3
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................4
P2. The roles of a leader and the function of a manger apply in different situations.............4
P3. Different theories and models of approach, including situational leadership, system
leadership and contingency....................................................................................................5
M2.Evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of different approaches to situations within the
work environment...................................................................................................................7
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................8
P4. Key approaches to operations management and the role that leaders and managers play8
M3. Evaluate how leaders and managers can improve efficiencies of operational management
to successfully meet business objectives..............................................................................10
P5. Importance and value of operations management in achieving business objectives.....10
TASK 4..........................................................................................................................................11
P6. The factors within the business environment that impact upon operational management
and decision making by leaders and managers.....................................................................11
M4. Different factors affect the business environment and wider community....................13
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................13
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................13

INTRODUCTION
Operation management is an area of management that is related with designing and
controlling work and activities by production and redesigning of products in a business. It is
multidisciplinary in nature and it mainly concerned with planning, organising and controlling
works and activities by production or provision of services (Ansoff and et. al., 2018). It is
delivery focused ensure about turning inputs into outputs for effective achievement of results and
these inputs come in form of materials, equipment’s and technology with human resources that
are very much crucial. This report is based on Aldi which is a major German brand name and it
is a large chain of supermarket with 10,000 stores in 20 countries with estimated turnover of €50
billion. This report is based on organisational and management structure with role of leader and
manager in different situational context. Difference in role and function of a leader and manager
that helps in achieving goals and objectives in positive manner. Further it includes factors that
influence of various factors that impact on decision making of leaders and managers. It also
includes key approaches of operation management and their importance in achieving goals and
objectives in positive manner.
TASK 1
P1. Define and compare the different roles and characteristics of a leader and manager
Manager refers to a person who is responsible to manage the business activities,
operations and functions of a company. In Aldi, manager is an individual who responsible for
controlling or administering an organisation or group of staff. Whereas leader is a person who
influences a group of people against to achieve a goal and objective.
Roles of manager
Information provider - In Aldi for the development of the business goals in an efficient
way, manager play an important role as a communicator who make interaction with employees,
government, stakeholders and others. The manager of this firm helps in providing information
from one person and transfer to others who have requirement to it from the growth of the firm.
Resolving conflicts - The manager play an important and essential role to solve the
conflicts and issues which are occurring within the firm (Brandenburg and et. al., 2014). In Aldi,
the manager of the firm, provide freedom to its employees to participate in decision making
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process so that they can share their issues and problems and can get solution to them. With the
help of it they can also develop health relation which make communication process easy.
Leader is a person who provide guidance to the employees, motivation, encourage and
influence them so that thy can achieve their target and set business objectives inn given period of
time.
Roles of leader
Making decision- In an organisation, if the company take right and correct decision than
it help in influencing the morale of employees (De Roover, 2017). In Aldi, the leader takes
effective decision which is beneficial for improving the morale of the people who are working in
this firm. Aldi's leader is good and not bias in nature which help in taking fair decision to
motivate employees to meet aims and objectives of the business.
Encourage- In Aldi, leader play an important role by motivating and encouraging
employees so that they can use their full efforts to attain their set objectives. The individual
always motivates by positive attitude to those employees who are not able to achieve their goals
effectively and efficiently.
Difference between leadership and management
Basis Management Leadership
Meaning It refers to the process of
managing and controlling
resources and activities of a
firm.
It refers to the ability of person
to motivate or inspire people
for attaining pre determined
objectives.
Plan of action It follows reactive strategy. It uses proactive strategy.
Workers In management employees are
workers.
In leadership followers are
workers.
Organisational Structure of Aldi
Decentralised structure of Aldi allows regional managers to involve in decision making
and also helps effective implementation of the company's strategies. Due to the small size of tye
corporation, there will be less bureaucracy and almost issues c an be handled at ground level
quickly by using the knowledge of the market.
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Source: Organisational Structure of ALDI, (2018).
M1. Differentiate between the role of a leader and function of a manager by effectively applying
a range of theories and concepts
In an organisation leader play an important role, the individual help in development of
persons and maintaining them regarding the task which suggest that leader follows charismatic
leadership model whereas the manger follow transactional leadership model (Grant, Trautrims,
and Wong, 2017). Leader is unique in nature while the manager is command oriented which
refers that leaders follow transformational and manager follow contingency theory of
management.
The various theories of leadership and management are mentioned below:
Transformational theory of leadership- This theory explained as model of leadership
which consist changes in individual and social system and create positive change in the followers
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Illustration: Organisational Structure of ALDI

with the ultimate aim of developing the followers into leaders (Hoyos, Morales and Akhavan-
Tabatabaei, 2015). In Aldi, this theory is beneficial for the organisation because it help in
planning aims to achieve business objectives by utilizing skills of leader.
Classical management theory- This model is also known as scientific management
theory which is based on the trusts that the employees in a company only have economic needs
and physical needs. In Aldi, this theory is useful for job satisfaction, help in profit maximization
and decision making.
TASK 2
P2. The roles of a leader and the function of a manger apply in different situations
When a firm want to expand business, it can adopt effective management who can help in
planning, coordinating, organising and leadership help in motivating, inspiring and influencing
employees so that they can make contribution in organisational growth and development. In
different business situation to bring productivity and satisfactory results for employees, there are
some management and leadership theories that can be applied for different situation of a firm.
Situation1: Technical advancement
Aldi is the common brand which deal in grocery sector and a big supermarket. The main
tactics for developing business for the organisation to accept innovation in order to achieve
competitive advantages. In Aldi, by making technical advancement influence their product
supply chain and purchasing decision of consumers. In order to overcome this situation
leadership and management can play their own role.
Solution-In Aldi, both leader and manager are familiar with the concept of technical
advancement. If the company adopt technology then it can gain high productivity and
profitability. In this situation, the leader adopts autocratic leadership style, it is a type of
leadership style in which leader is only person who is responsible for decision making no other
person involve in it (Kompella, 2015). If the leader is responsible for taking decision towards
this situation than the individual use own skills and make decision without taking advice from
others. From example, the individual implement new technology and encourage employees to
follow.
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Whereas the manager adopts the orders from leader and execute those plans with the help
of skilled and talented employees (Martínez-Jurado and Moyano-Fuentes, 2014). It helps in
capturing a large size of market and beneficial for gaining competitive advantages.
Situation2: Slow Changes
In context of Aldi, it is a Germany based grocery supermarket. So for them, market
expansion is an integral part for achieving high proficiency in order to achieve high proficiency
in context of goods and services. Being an international firm, there are various conflicts
generates among employees when the firm expand its business at new geographical lactation. To
resolve this issue, management and leadership play an essential role in effective way.
Solution- In an organisation, the importance of market expansion can be understood by the
leader and manager in terms of increasing sales, profit and enhancing productivity. In Aldi, in
this situation, the leader adopt democratic leadership style in which the person also provide
freedom to employee to participate in the decision making process and take decision by
considering their views also. Whereas the manager, accept ideas from leader and create a
framework according the opinion to convert them in to action. It help in gaining competitive
advantages, resolving issues and providing satisfaction to employees.
P3. Different theories and models of approach, including situational leadership, system
leadership and contingency
In an organisation effective leadership plays very much crucial part and to apply it in
effective manner they require qualities and skills to relate with people by accessing their needs
and wants in positive manner (Grant, Trautrims and Wong, 2017. ). It is a complex process in
which various kinds of leadership theory and practices can be applied and used by the
management department in different situations. In each leadership theory and practices focus on
qualities and behaviour of an effective leader. Leadership theory evolved about various
understanding and evaluation about it that are accessing needs and wants of manpower at work.
Influence of leadership styles on followers and their attitudes, behaviour and competencies that
impact in positive manner (Hoyos, Morales and Akhavan-Tabatabaei, 2015. ). At last
effectiveness of various kinds of leadership styles in various circumstances. There are various
kinds of leadership styles that are as follows:
Situational leadership style:
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Situational leadership style is one of most adaptive style, it encourages leaders and other
higher authorities about roles and responsibilities in different situational context and weigh their
variables at workplace. In that leadership style they choose one of best leadership style according
to situation and set goals and objectives accordingly (Rajan and et.al , 2012). Situational
leadership is a model of choice around the whole world and following various aspects in which
develop people and various workshops, Develop a rapport and bring best results out of people. It
also focus on choosing one of best leadership style across organisations and be local, national
and international by accessing needs and wants (Rajan and et.al , 2014.). At maturity stage in
context of products and services of Aldi they frequently adopts different leadership styles
according to situation. In that styles includes Telling, selling, participating and delegating are
most important for an organisation to adopt any kind of situation and deals in positive manner.
Advantages:
There are many advantages of situational leadership that are as follows:
It helps in recognition of need for flexibility:
The one of important factor that situational leadership helps in access at every ground
level by not treating needs of people at equal level but it focus on flexible needs of every
individual. They not focus on set of rules and regulations by follow any other organisation, in
case of Aldi their leaders focus on flexibility in adaptation of leadership styles.
Disadvantages:
Focus on immediate needs rather than long term needs
Situational leadership emphasis on satisfying instant needs of their consumer base,
instead of long term of teams. They have to focus on overall objectives, goals and they trap on
responding on present circumstances every time. In that case short term results should be
accomplished instantly but long term objectives not be possible in that condition.
System leadership style:
System Leadership style helps to leaders and other higher authorities where at every tier
can give their best in organisational development and enhance their potentiality (Reid and
Sanders, 2015.). It avails sound principles regarding behaviour of human by creating good
leadership, strategies and designs with social process. In that scenario, employees remain
motivated and give their best in organisational development and enhancement. With managers
and leaders can easily rule over personnel and distribute roles and responsibilities in positive
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manner. In context of Aldi, the to give challenges task and duties to employees use that kind of
leadership style in which everyone can give their best in organisational and self development.
Advantages: The first and foremost advantage of system leadership is that it helps in
increase productivity and helps in remain always motivated. It helps in efficient division of
works and responsibilities after accessing skills and potentiality.
Disadvantage: The disadvantage that when system leadership apply in an organisation
after some time biassed situations apply in organisational context and gives negativity to
employees (Slack and Brandon-Jones, 2018..). That create hazardous effects on organisational
development and enhancement.
Contingency leadership style:
Contingency leadership style describe about various or changing leadership style in
organisational context according to various situations (Sodhi, Son and Tang, 2012). It refers to
leader and manager apply some specific leadership styles that are flexible enough for an
organisation at time of operation of various situations or conditions. In case of Aldi they avail
that kind of leadership style according to situation so that necessary and appropriate results
should be accomplish.
Advantages: That kind of leadership style helps and motivate to employees that
organisation can be flexible enough and according to situation they easily take any kind of
changes and apply it in proper way.
Disadvantage: That leadership style is complex in nature and according to the needs of
situation. In that case organisation not able to change their leadership style because various
situations arise in an organisation.
M2.Evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of different approaches to situations within the work
environment
Situational leadership
Strengths- There is a single leadership style as therefore remains an excitement in the
employees regarding the selection of the best possible leadership style rather than following the
same styles.
Weakness- There are lack of the demographic difference cause of lack of high quality
experience in the employees as they are not used to it. Possibility of generating confusion within
the team as the situations are interconnected with different other factors.
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System leadership Model
Strengths- It provide a framework for the presentation of phenomenon and realities. It
offer a glossary of terms with which researchers from different sector can be understand and
analysed.
Weakness- The process is lengthy and complicated in nature. It is not widely popular
due to the acceptances by less number of leaders.
TASK 3
P4. Key approaches to operations management and the role that leaders and managers play
The key approaches of operations management are as mentioned below:
TQM(Total Quality management)
It can be defined as a management system for a customer focused company that consist
all employees in continual improvement. It applies strategy, data and effective communications
to integrate the quality discipline into the culture and activities of the organisation. This
management approach based on 7 principles which are as follows:
Customer focus- Now these days, most of the organisations focus on customer
satisfaction towards the products and services. Because they are the main evaluator who analyse
the quality of the goods.
Strong leadership- It an another important principle of this approach because without a
good and effective leader the task cannot be directed and monitored (Matta and et. al., 2014). So
it is required to take effective decision from the growth of the firm.
People involvement- In Aldi, the involvement of employee in TQM is most important
because with the help of efforts of all people of the firm, the management department of the
company can achieve all tasks and target successfully.
Systematic approach to management- In Aldi, if the management of the firm focus on
the systematic approach in order to make improvement and development in organisational
growth than they can attain designed vision, mission and objectives.
Continual improvement- In Alsi, it is important to make improvement in its business so
that it can survive in the market till a long period of time. For this they can make innovation in
its products and services.
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Factual approach to decision making- It is an another essential principle for Aldi, when
the management department of the company make any change in its business operations,
activities and functions than there should be a specific reason behind the change.
Mutually beneficial supplier relation- According to this principle, in Aldi, the
management of the company should make good relation with suppliers so that they can provide
needed material to the firm on time. Because this help in increasing profit and productivity of the
firm.
 Roles of leader- The leader play an important role by ensuring effective involvement of
all employees and by establishing performance measurement fro the processes. In Aldi,
the individual provide motivation to workers so that they can support firm.
 Roles of manager- In Aldi, manager also play an effective role by making
communication to suppliers and treating them as business partners (Nielsen, Chambers
and Farr, 2014). They work for continuous improvement for the business of the firm.
Continuous improvement or Kaizen
It is another approach of continuous improvement and applied by the management
department of the organisation to make improvement in every functions of business. In Aldi, the
main objective of this approach is to manage the wastages in all systems of the company by
making improvement in process and activities (Prevot and et. al., 2016). The principles of this
approach are based on 5S which are sort, set in order, shine, standardise and sustain. If the
management of Aldi implies Kaizen process in their operation management than the firm can
influence enhancement of the group task and gain high level of quality and innovation.
 Roles of Leader- They play an important in this approach by identifying skilled and
talented employees that which employees must be in team. They help in solving issues
which are arising during the completion of the task.
 Roles of manager- They provide information to those employees who are working in a
team towards a task about the Kaizen. They are responsible for identifying the scope of
task and measuring the success of the team who follow this approach.
Lean production
It defined as simple and systematic method which is beneficial fro the elimination of
wastages inn manufacturing system. In Aldi, if firm implies this approach in the production than
it can help in improving the quality of the goods, visual management and increasing efficiency in
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the production process. With the use of this approach the firm can make easy the production
process and help in the elimination of the issues and problems.
 Roles of leader- It play an important role because it help the employees to understand
their roles and responsibilities in order to lean production and provide guidance to the
employees to increase the production.
 Roles of manager- They analyse the effectiveness of the products and determine of
monitor the quality of the material which is used by the management in producing
products and goods.
M3. Evaluate how leaders and managers can improve efficiencies of operational management to
successfully meet business objectives
With the help of raw material into finished goods and services, the leaders and managers
is to transform the effective goods for the production in to finished goods for increasing
satisfaction for the analysing the operations.
Another process is process design, with the help of it, they can transform the raw material
in to finished goods and enhancing the field components of the organisation. It help in
increasing the results through the efficiency and managing the outcomes for increasing in the
formative manner.
P5. Importance and value of operations management in achieving business objectives
Operations management includes analysing, designing and controlling the process of
production and redesigning the business operations in the manufacturing of the products and
services (Rajan and et.al , 2012). It is essential in business operations for controlling the system
of operations. The functions of operation management are as mentioned below:
Logistics and inventory management- It is very important and valuable function of
operation management because without proper support of logistics, finished goods can not be
transported at marketplace on time (Rajan and et.al , 2014). This will help in manage the demand
of goods and services in the market and the firm also can concentrate on the management of the
inventory by excessing products of production and analysing that they are utilizing at some point
of time.
In Aldi, it is beneficial because it help in achieving the firm's objective of maintaining a
proper supply of the goods in the market to analyse the needs and demands of the customers.
This function help the company to transfer the finished goods in a effective manner on right time
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by following the systematic process of inventory management. It important because it help in
choosing correct logistic channel for the distribution of the products and services which are
developed by the management department of Aldi.
Control and distribution systems- It is an another function of operation management
because in Aldi, it help in managing and controlling production process and ensuring the proper
distribution of the products and goods which are produce by the firm in order to achieving the
business objective. In an organisation, by developing and accepting strong control system, the
efficiency and effectiveness of the control an distribution system can be improved.
This help the firm in making improvement in logistics infrastructure of the company for
the purpose of achieving set business objectives of the firm. If the organisation follow it and
doing work according to it than it help in controlling the resources and their distribution so that
the wastage of them can be reduces and stop by the management of the firm and the products can
be effectively and efficiently distributed in the market for fulfilling and satisfying the needs and
demands of customers.
Process design- It is a vital function of operation management because it help in managing
production process which is carried out of the goods and products of the firm for fulfilling and
satisfying the needs and demands of the customers by designing products according to them. If is
important because with the help of it, the firm can attain its business objectives in set period of
time (Reid and Sanders, 2015). By using and following correct process for production, the
efficiency is beneficial in the process design to gain huge productivity by using the least required
resources. In Aldi, the management of the company
TASK 4
P6. The factors within the business environment that impact upon operational management and
decision making by leaders and managers
To analyse the internal and external business environment of the company, in Aldi they
management of the firm can used PEST analysis and others. It is as following:
PEST Analysis
It is a tool and technique which can be implies by the management department of Aldi to
monitor the external environment through political, economical, social and technological factor
(Slack and Brandon-Jones, 2018). They are as following:
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Political- It consist rule, regulations, legislations and policies which are developed by the
government for the organisations so that they can run their business in an effective manner.
These rules and regulations also affect and impact the production, productivity and profitability
of the company. In Aldi, the firm operate its business in different countries of the world so
change and fluctuation in government rules and regulation create impact on the decision making.
If the government make change in them than the manager and leader also make change in the
rules and legislations of the firm. Which consume time and cost.
Economical- This factor related to interest rat, inflation and other economical activities
and operations. In Aldi, inflation in the grocery market rose by 2.9% and shoppers have to spend
£27 extra for the similar products. Aldi is a discount supermarket so it is favourite to the
customers. Economic slowdown in developed nations and fluctuation in currency influence the
decision making of the firm (Aldi PESTEL Analysis. 2019).
Social- This factor include culture, values, needs & demands and taste & preferences of
consumers etc. Now these days, customer are avoiding those retailers who are irresponsible,
exploit suppliers and carry out unethical practices. This affect the buying behaviour of the
customers and the purchasing power of consumers influence the decision making of the manager
and leader of Aldi.
Technological- Under this all technical activities included like, promotional technology,
technical advancement and others (Sodhi, Son and Tang, 2012). At present time people prefer
online shopping cause of lack of time so in Aldi, the company can provide them online shopping
and e-commerce services to them this influence the sales and profit of the firm in an effective
manner and decision making of the leader's and manager of Aldi also.
CSR(Corporate Social Responsibility)- It explained as a business approach which make
contribution to the sustainable growth by transferring social, economical and environmental
benefits to its all customers. The management and leadership play an essential role in reference
to corporate social responsibility. In Aldi, the management of the company can designed short
term goals for the firm which are useful and helpful for the company to sustain and survive in the
market till long period of time (Thomé, Scavarda and Scavarda, 2016). In Aldi, the company
invest a small part of its profit on the local community and welfare for the society. These kind of
activities designed under CSR activities policy. The CSR policy impact the decision making
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system of the company and the contents of these policies generate decision which are ethical and
beneficial for in context of the welfare of local community.
Ethics- It is another business approach which is important to follow to each organisation.
Because if the firm operate its business by following proper laws, regulations and policies than
the internal business environment will be healthy and the company will attain its business
objective on time and the operation and activities will not harm the stakeholder. In Aldi, the top
management of the firm help in designing polices for the firm so that it can operate its business
in an ethical way and properly achieve its objectives without harming the society and cultural
values, beliefs of the nation where it operate its business (Wu, 2016). If it affect the local
community then it influence the decision making of leaders and managers.
M4. Different factors affect the business environment and wider community
Culture- The CSR approach of the firm helps in reserving the local culture of a place so
that they do not destroy by the passage of time and it will help them to promote themselves as
socially responsible companies that work for the welfare of the society.
Value- The CSR policy of the organisation also beneficial in preserving various values
relating to the society they operate in. It help in creation of a sense of responsibility in the
business environment and help in the future growth of the companies by forwarding them to
fulfil their responsibility towards the community in which they are operating their business.
CONCLUSION
From the above report it has been summarised that management operations are very
much crucial for an organisation to plan, coordinate and ultimately reach at desirable goals and
objectives. Leadership styles play a major role to deal with any kind of situation that confront by
firm. For attaining the aims and objectives different leadership and management theories are
defined and that can be used by the firm. Having information about the strengths and weakness
will be beneficial fro formulating and designing great plans and strategies for the organisation.
Key approaches of operation management and a function are useful for managing the business
and achieving the business objectives. With the help of internal and external factors it can
analyse the impact upon operational management decision making by leaders and managers.
REFERENCES
Books & Journals
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De Roover, R., 2017. The Medici Bank: its organization, management, operations, and decline.
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Online
Aldi PESTEL Analysis. 2019. [Online]. Available Through:
<https://businessteacher.org.uk/pestel/aldi.php>.
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