Management & Operations Report

This report analyzes the management and operations of Toyota, examining its organizational structure, the roles of managers and leaders, and the differences between management and leadership. It also evaluates various leadership and management approaches, including chaos theory, management by objectives, and Six Sigma, and provides recommendations for future improvements.

Management &
Operations

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
1: Introduction on organisation and its management structure..............................................3
2: Definition the roles of managers and leaders as well as the differences between
management and leadership...................................................................................................4
3: Analysis of the different roles of management and leadership in application to different
organisational situations, supported by theories and concepts...............................................5
4: Evaluation of the strengths and weaknesses of different approaches to leadership and
management to draw conclusions that support theories of leadership...................................6
5: Conclusions on how managers and leaders have made an impact on the organisation and
recommendations for future improvements............................................................................7
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................8
PPT.........................................................................................................................................8
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................15
REFERENCE.................................................................................................................................16

INTRODUCTION
Management and operations are basic business activities and functions that are required
to organise and control key operations of organisation to achieve desired goals and objectives.
These functions and operations includes formulation of systematic plan, make coordination
between different functions and establish control over utilisation of resources. This report
exhibits an analysis about organisation and management structure, roles of both managers and
leaders, while highlighting the differences between management, leadership, and chaos theory in
the context of Toyota. Which is Japan based global automotive manufacturer and sixth largest
company in world. This report also describes strength and weakness of different approaches to
leadership and management and discuss about how operational efficiencies can be improved to
successfully meet business objectives using appropriate management and leadership approaches.
Task 1
1: Introduction on organisation and its management structure
Toyota engaged in manufacturing vehicles and sixth largest auto-mobiles company in the
world by turnover. Company has its headquarter in Aichi, Japan and having approx 36500
employees across the glob. Toyota is also engaged in manufacture of hybrid electric vehicle.
Presently Toyota has divisional organizational structure however before 2013 company had
followed centralised organisational structure. Earlier company under centralised structure
company's key decisions are taken through its headquarter in Japan and various units of company
were not allowed to communicate with each other. All type of communications were routed
through headquarters. Due to slow response for problems related with safety concerns this
structure is criticised and converted to divisional organisational structure, following are the
major division under divisional structure: First is Global hierarchy, second is Geographic
divisions and third one is Product-based divisions. Now this organizational structure gives a
more flexibility and less rigid as compared to centralized hierarchical organizational structure.
This structure provide a framework to deal with different local market issues and conditions.
Flexibility under this structures provides Toyota to quickly resolve issues and to give high
quality products. Although due to increase in powers of local units heads leads to reduced control
of headquarters globally. But this organizational structure ensures a sustainable growth of entity.

2: Definition the roles of managers and leaders as well as the differences between management
and leadership
Managers: Managers are individuals in organisation, responsible for controlling or
administering other personnels in an organisation. Managers helps to define different-different
roles and responsibilities of staff and employee as per their capacity while considering
organisation's goals and objectives.
Characteristics of manager: Manger are key aspect for organisation in order to
accomplish their short term or long term goals. Managers in an organisation have capability to
lead and encourage employees to do task within the scheduled time. They critically analyse the
performance and abilities of employees to allocate task among them as per their abilities and
utilise their skill for achievement of organisational goals.
Role of manager: The key role of managers in Totota is create a structure for quick
planning, management of various functions, coordination and control various functions of
organisation to attain short term goals.
Leader: Leader holds vital position in organisation in organisation because they
promotes and encourage other to achieve organisation;s targets. In Toyota leaders not only
encourages staff but also provide a guidance to attain different targets.
Characteristic of leader: Leaders though their motivation skills and leadership skills
promotes team members and other staff to attain goals. They also provide a groundwork for shot
out any difficulties in accomplishment of tasks.
Role of leader: In Toyota leader's play a major role in enhancement of capabilities and
utilisation of human resources while considering various needs of employees. Main role of leader
is to provide a proper guidance, encourage others and to shoot out any trouble. However overall
role of leaders is to effective accomplishment of goals.
Basis of difference Management Leadership

Meaning Management of Toyota
achieve objectives of
organisation though planning ,
managing and controlling
various operations of
organisation.
Leadership refers to ability to
encourage and influence
interest employees within
organisation to achieve
organisational goals.
Approach In Toyota management
formulate plan while
considering company's short
term and long term objectives.
Leadership set guidance and
proper direction for proper
execution of plan formulated
by management,
Strives In Toyota management
personnels strives for
effectiveness in key functions
of management.
Whereas leader execute work
with efficiency while
optimising non value added
functions in company.
Strategy Management always tries to
formulate reactive strategy as
per their analysis and
company's policies.
In Toyota leaders woks for
vision and formulate or
modifies strategies while
considering potential issues.
3: Analysis of the different roles of management and leadership in application to different
organisational situations, supported by theories and concepts.
Both leaders and management have different role in organisation but their main objective
is to achieve objectives of organisation effectively. They both play a significant role in
organisation's functions but to solve out different situations their role may defer as per situation.
Following are the various theories and consents which helps to analyse different roles of
management and leadership in application to different organisational situations, as follows:
Contingency theory: This theory is most popular and widely used theory used by leader
or managers. This theory emphasises on adoption of effective leadership style as per current
situation. In Toyota leaders adopts appropriate theories based on different situations.

System leadership theory: This theory focus on developing situations for different
levels of employees in organisation to work with full potential in order to achieve the
productivity. Under this theory adverse situations are build by leaders to formulate strategy to
achieve productivity in tasks. For example in Toyota productivity and capabilities are enhanced
by engaging employees to short out different situation.
Situational theory: Under situational theory of leadership no single leadership style is
adopted by leaders. Adoption of leadership style depends on various situation organisation is
facing and kind of leadership and strategies are appropriate for particular task. Leaders in Toyota
always tries to adopt best style of leadership to face different situations.
4: Evaluation of the strengths and weaknesses of different approaches to leadership and
management to draw conclusions that support theories of leadership.
In Toyota various approaches are followed to eliminate or reduce threat and to increase
operational efficiency. It purely depends upon management to choose appropriate approach.
Chaos theory: In chaos theory leadership is not reduced to the leadership behaviour of a
key position holder or team of 'top' people and equal importance is given to all staff in order to
encourage them. Under this approach leadership behaviours focus towards different functions
and processes of organisation to achieve target performance and to enhance capabilities. Chaos
Theory also ensures enhancement in capabilities of employees.
Strength: This approach assist workers or employees to enhance their capabilities on
continuous basis and it encourage employees to work together.
Weakness: This approach consume more time and money, only suitable for medium or
small organisations.
Management by objectives: Management by objectives (MBO) is a approach that
emphasises on improvement of performance of business organization by exactly defining goals
and objectives that are agreed to by both management and employees. As per this theory, goal
setting and formulation of action plans motivates employees engaged and commitment among
employees, as well as aligning objectives across the organization. Simply under this approach
entity performs all its basic activities like production, supply, operations and other related
activities to achieve objectives and sustainable performance.

Strength: This approach is significant in order to build a relationship of employees and
management across the departments. It also emphasises on potential customer and increasing of
relationship with existing customers.
Weakness: In practical world this approach is complex and not suitable for long run.
Six sigma: Six sigma is multi-purpose model emphasises on best quality by eliminate
different errors. Organisation adopting six sigma approach required to understand customer's
need to obtain best quality and reduce errors.
Strength: Six sigma is a proactive approach requires proper attention in entire process to
reduce chances of error. Hence, using six sigma helps to achieve best outcomes.
Weakness: This approach brings rigidity in the production planning as it can be
expensive measure for company if the defect rate are higher.
Conclusion: If Toyota follows continuous improvement approach it will help to make
effective decision regarding company. This approach helps in continuously improving the
standard of product to handle complex situation and activities.
5: Conclusions on how managers and leaders have made an impact on the organisation and
recommendations for future improvements.
Roles and responsibilities of managers and leaders assist in managing various activities
and functions of organisation by encouraging people to perform functions and activities
effectively. Adoption of proper leadership style as per different situation is significant in order to
attain goals and targets. Managers and leaders formulate plan for developing a new strategy and
continuous improvement that helps to solve out problem. They also assist in managerial activities
like directing, motivating, providing guidance, controlling etc. to attain objectives of
organisation.
Recommendation:
 Toyota should conduct analysis to identify difficulties or problems so managers and
leaders can adopt right leadership style to handle these different situations.
 Toyota should organise or conduct various training session, seminars, workshop and
unique orientation programme for working staff and employees in order to develop new
skill or to enhance their capabilities.
 In Toyota, leaders should try to motivate employees to initiate any innovation and
develop a employee friendly environment.

TASK 2
PPT

CONCLUSION
From above report, it has been concluded that identification of various role and
responsibilities of managers and leaders in organisation's operational functions is important to
attain business objectives and to achieve sustainable growth. Effectiveness in operational
functions leads to enhancement in capabilities of decision-making and to eliminate or reduce
impact of external business environment factors affecting decision-making activities

REFERENCE
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