Improving Efficiency of Company's Structural Units' Interaction in Unique Software Environment

This research focuses on improving the efficiency of the interaction between the company's structural unit and the company's unique software environment by changing different areas of software. It discusses the problem formulation, research, client report, and the final combined report. The report also includes a conceptual framework, research design, findings, and recommendations.

1Running head: MANAGEMENT RESEARCH PROJECT
IMPROVING THE EFFICIENCY OF COMPANY’S STRUCTURAL UNITS’
INTERACTION IN THE COMPANY’S UNIQUE SOFTWARE
ENVIRONMENT BY CHANGING DIFFERENT AREAS OF THE
SOFTWARE: A CASE ON LENHART GLOBAL COMPANY
Name of the student:
Name of the university:
Student’s ID:

MANAGEMENT RESEARCH PROJECT
Executive summary
The topic of the research is improving the efficiency of the interaction between the
company's structural unit and the company's unique software environment by
changing different areas of software. For accomplishing the goal, there are certain
sections in which the whole topic is discussed. Problem formulation, research, client
and the final combined report is considered in the whole project. In the problem
formulation report, the problem statement is given and the overview of research
design and expected outcomes are discussed. Client report gives an overview of the
implication of the findings, recommendations etc. The final report is the combination
of all the three reports mentioned above and literature review, research design,
conclusions, and recommendations are given here.
As per the report obtained from the clients, there has an impact of organizational
structure in case of the decision-making process of that particular organization.
Therefore, organizational structure is important to set the material bodies as they have
a role in different aspects of the organization.
On the other hands as per the findings of this report, there are various findings, which
are related to organizational structures of the organization. Apart from this to enhance
the decision, making process there should be some recommendation, which helps to
make proper decisions with respect to these outcomes.

MANAGEMENT RESEARCH PROJECT
Contents
Problem Formulation Report..........................................................................................4
Introduction....................................................................................................................4
Background of research problem:..................................................................................5
Research problem statement:.........................................................................................5
Problem definition and its scope:................................................................................5
Relating problems to focus on industry and research disciplines:..............................5
The rationale for conducting research on operation management:................................6
A brief evaluation of the research problem from an academic perspective:..................6
Research Findings:......................................................................................................6
Conceptual Framework:..............................................................................................7
Overview and justifications of the proposed research design:.......................................7
Possible outcomes and use of organization:...................................................................8
Research Report.............................................................................................................9
Introduction to the report:..............................................................................................9
Research aim and objectives........................................................................................11
A critical review of academic literature.......................................................................12
Corporate hierarchical strategy.................................................................................14
Corporate Matrix Structure.......................................................................................14
Corporate Functional Structure.................................................................................15

MANAGEMENT RESEARCH PROJECT
Corporate Divisional Structure.................................................................................16
Conceptual model:.......................................................................................................19
Organizational Performance.....................................................................................21
Organizational Capacity...........................................................................................22
Organizational Motivation........................................................................................22
External Environment...............................................................................................23
Discussion of the conceptual framework..................................................................23
Methodologies:.............................................................................................................25
Research design:.......................................................................................................25
Target population and sampling:..............................................................................26
Methods and procedures involved in data collection................................................26
Data analysis methods:.............................................................................................28
Results and findings..................................................................................................28
Research limitations..................................................................................................33
Conclusion:...............................................................................................................35
Client report.................................................................................................................36
Executive summary...................................................................................................36
Outline of key implications of research findings to managerial decision-making:. .36
Recommendations and benefits based on research outcomes..................................37
Recommendation for decision-making.....................................................................39
Final combined report..................................................................................................41

MANAGEMENT RESEARCH PROJECT
Executive summary...................................................................................................41
Background and focus of the study...........................................................................41
Literature review.......................................................................................................42
Hierarchical business structure.................................................................................42
Matrix Organizational Structure...............................................................................43
Functional Organizational Structure.........................................................................44
Divisional organizational structure...........................................................................45
Research design........................................................................................................45
Analysis of the findings............................................................................................46
Conclusion................................................................................................................46
Recommendations.....................................................................................................46
Reference:....................................................................................................................48

MANAGEMENT RESEARCH PROJECT
Problem Formulation Report
Introduction
As per operation management, it deals with productivity, efficiency, quality, global
competition along with customer services etc. Therefore, for the development of the
business and as per the growth of the business it is essential to interact with the
structural unit of the company and develop a unique software environment. To
perform and participate in different types of tasks the structural unit of any
organization plays a great role. To achieve the organizational objective, it is important
to maintain the organizational structure in the use of development of the business.
Hence, in order to achieve the competitive advantage of the business, the requirement
of the organization is regarded as to be efficient, flexible, caring and innovative.
There are different types of clustered entities in Lenhart Global company, which can
be structured in many ways that depend on the targets of the company. There are
different types of entities where various responsibilities for different types of
functions are allocated by the permission of organizational structure in the company.
Therefore, the efficiency of this structural unit is important for better development of
a business. On the other hand, in perspective of the present era, there are so many
improvements in technological activities. These technological activities are
responsible for the success of business events. Therefore, in the case of any industries,
fundamental changes are done due to global competition. Hence as per the
assignments, this report is based on the operations management where it highlights
the problems and its probable solutions.

MANAGEMENT RESEARCH PROJECT
Background of research problem:
Hence as per the assignment criteria, the main problem to handle the operation
management is known as the inefficiency of the structural unit of the Lenhart Global
Company, which interact with unique software environment through changing various
areas of software activities (Ando, Fujihara, Fujihashi, Endo, Kuroda and Kobayashi,
2018). Therefore, the improvement of this process is necessary to develop the
business.
Research problem statement:
Problem definition and its scope:
According to the assignment report, the main problem is known as the inefficiencies
of operation management. In case of any organization operation management is
considered a crucial part of the activities through which it can interact with different
activities in the company such as technological development etc. To achieve the base
goal of the organization operational management utilize the resources of the
organization, production as well as inventory management of the Lenhart Global
Company. As opined by Bempong (2019) due to improper planning along with poor
scheduling and a poor team, quality control and supervision inefficiency in
operational management is recognised.
Scope: Therefore, the scope of the problem is identified as to the improvement of the
efficiency of the problems, which are regarding the efficiency of the structural unit of
an organization. Apart from this, the research is based on the changing of different
areas, which relates to software activities that consider the scope of the research.

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Relating problems to focus on industry and research disciplines:
As operation, management is related to different aspects of the organization through
which it deals with the production of the services and goods, utilizing various
resources such as materials, technologies, types of equipment staffs etc. Therefore,
operational management is responsible for the converting materials and labours into
the products and their services through which an organization can satisfy their
potential customers.Futaki and Kobayashi(2018) supported by stating that, there is a
possibility to maximize the profits for the organization. In addition to this, the team of
operation management is responsible to balance cost along with all its revenue to
meet the highest profit as soon as possible. On the other hand, they have the authority
to implement various structure regarding technological networks, which help in the
raw material acquisition, and marketing departments.
Therefore inefficiencies of the operation management are recognised as the main
issue in an organization because for this inefficiency in the organization can reflect on
the different activities in the business (Di Somma, 2015).
The rationale for conducting research on operation management:
This is considered an important aspect due to various reasons. As per this research
paper, we know about the effects of the operation management to develop a
successful business in an organization (Futaki, Ueda and Hayashi, 2018). As
operation management is a major part to consider in case of an organization,
therefore, it involves daily activities in respect with different segments of the business
organization. Hence, according to the research, it can evolve the probable ways of the
development of the operation management. Therefore, it can grow the success of the
business.

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A brief evaluation of the research problem from an academic perspective:
Research Findings:
The report focuses on the various research themes, which is based on the
inefficiencies of operational management in an organization. In addition to, it shows
the impact of management on the organization. On the contrary, Huang, Liang, Yang,
Liu, Xia, Ye and Tu (2018) mentioned that it is revealed about the methodologies in
which operational management can be developed.
Conceptual Framework:
Figure 1: Conceptual Framework
(Source: Di Somma,. 2015)

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Overview and justifications of the proposed research design:
There are different issues, which are concerned with the proposed sampling design.
As per the criteria of the report, the primary and secondary types of data are collected
from the organization. Based on the collected data, the data was analysed through two
different methods namely qualitative and quantitative methods. However, there are so
many problems, which affect this process. Not all the data, which are collected is
appropriate. On the other hand, not all employees are agreed in this survey process
(Jin, Mao, Li and Qi, 2018). Therefore, it hampers the data collection process. In
addition to this, not all the secondary reports are related to the topic, which is
discussed in the report. Sometimes there are several aspects which are not related to
this problem.
Possible outcomes and use of organization:
Therefore as per the assignments, it can be discussed that operational management is
responsible for all activities in the organization through which they can develop the
business. In order to improve the business, they can adopt different strategies for the
development process.
Research Report
Introduction to the report:
According to this paper, it can emphasize the operation management. Through this
paper, it is revealed that operation management is considered as a part of the business
where it depends on the different curriculum. In addition to the management, the
department is included under production management. Therefore, for the purpose of
the development of the business, operation management needs a significant number of
changes. Therefore, operations management is responsible to maximize the

MANAGEMENT RESEARCH PROJECT
efficiencies of the workers, to satisfy the customer's needs(Osa and Tamminen, 2018).
Hence, the inputs of the organization are based on the managing process of the
operational management of the organization. Apart from that, the content of value-
added activities depends on the activities of operational management, whichis
considered as their aim.
As per this assignment, there is a requirement of a research paper where different
aspects of operation management are discussed. According to this paper, the
underlying problem has a significant impact on the business, which provides strength
and weakness regarding this topic.
In the recent history of business, many organizations have attempted to open value by
relating their structural units to their management strategies. The majority of
production took place in the 19th century; many organizations had generated
profitable economies by centralizing major factors like sales, finance, software
management and operations. After a few decades, as many industries diversified their
offerings and moved to a new area, a rival structured had emerged (Lee and Lam,
2012). Corporations like Lenhart Global Company have made business units
structured around software environment by altering various regions of software.
However, the smaller units of business have sacrificed few economies of scale,
although they are adaptable and flexible to local conditions. Those two models of
business who are centralized by functions and decentralized by software region have
been proven durable for a long time because the emerging of business corporations
was basically incremental. Many multinational organizations have adopted a matrix
arrangement as they have a deep belief that they can able to retain both the centralized
function's economies of scale and the flexibility of their business units. However,

MANAGEMENT RESEARCH PROJECT
matrix corporations are difficult to coordinate. Managers who are operating at matrix
intersection have to shuffle the dictates of two masters that lead to delay and conflict.
Furthermore, many organizations and all sorts of corporates nowadays prefer to
design or arrange their staffs within the company in the form of hierarchical structure.
This type of structure is designed to give a valid shape to various activities, which
have to be organized. Thus,Narimani, Asghari and Sharma (2018) stated that
hierarchical structure is a type of tree-like structure, which has roots at the top, and
some branches are coming out from the roots. This type of interlinked structure
emphasis that every staff are directly connected with its adjacent one but indirectly
connected to the overall company through various links. Moreover, other types of
organizations follow a functional organizational structure. This type of structure is
used to organize employees and workers. They are grouped on their specific
knowledge and skills. It vertically structures every department with roles from
president to the sales and finance department, to staffs assigned to one particular
service or product and to customer service (Goldstein and Eley, 2014). Hence,
functional organizations include some specialized units, which report to top
management. Every functional unit manages one aspect of services or a product like
marketing, development, software, management, information technology, sales etc. In
any software organizations, the functions have their individual vertical structure of
management. Every functional department workers communicate with one another.
Hence, the organization who flow this structure really works well in stable condition.
They continue their operation smoothly in a friendly environment. The ultimate
objective of the functional structure is to put together each human resources necessary
for single activity in one place(Zia, Elbouchikhi and Benbouzid, 2018). This
organizational structure helps any software organization to run their business

MANAGEMENT RESEARCH PROJECT
smoothly and earn a remarkable profit. In the case of divisional organizational
structure, they organize the business activities and service groups around the market.
Hence, an organization on divisional lines can have operating groups for Europe or
the United States or for commercial consumers. Every decision contains overall sets
of functions. The green widget division handles their own activities, marketing and
sales, production, engineering and so on. Hence, it is concluded that the continued
search for new corporate forms is driven by some changes in the nature of economy
and competition. The advantages are derived less from the physical arrangements and
financial assets and more from how good the organizations align this intangible asset
as R&D, IT and knowledge workers to the requirements of their customers.
Moreover, the challenges and opportunities which globalization can afford are forcing
organizations to revisit different assumptions about the management and control of
unstable assets (Norton, 2011). Nowadays, computer organizations manufacture
hardware accessories in China, assemble them at Europe, ship them to Mexico and
service the buyers from India's call centre. This type of dispersal creates requirements
for new structures to align outsourced and internal units around the globe.
Research aim and objectives.
Aim and objectives are consideredas an important aspect of the research process.
Therefore, the aim of this research is to improve the efficiency of the operational
management through which organization can change the technological aspects of the
company so that they can better perform in the Lenhart Global Company.
Objectives:

MANAGEMENT RESEARCH PROJECT
In this competitive world, in all the sectors of the business operation management is
regarded as fundamental issues where it focuses on business improvement. Therefore,
the main objectives of this research are as follows:
1. To improve the strategies which are based on the operation management
2. To describe the importance of operational management.
3. To provide the right technology to improve the operation management
4. To satisfy the customer services with the help of best products and services.
5. To achieve the goals of the organization.
6. To minimize the critical issues regarding with this problem
A critical review of academic literature
As per the literature review, it can be saidthat Corporations like Lenhart Global
Company have made business units structured around software environment by
altering various regions of software. However, the smaller units of business have
sacrificed few economies of scale, although they are adaptable and flexible to local
conditions. In the recent history of business, many organizations have attempted to
open value by relating their structural units to their management strategies. A the
majority of production took place in the 19th century, many organizations had
generated profitable economies by centralizing major factors like sales, finance,
software management and operations. According to Liu, Jing and Yang (2018), after a
few decades, as many industries diversified their offerings and moved to a new area, a
rival structured had emerged. It is therefore very necessary for every IT business
software organizations to maintain proper operation management. According to

MANAGEMENT RESEARCH PROJECT
operation management, it deals with productivity, efficiency, quality, global
competition along with customer services etc.
Figure 2: Organisational development
(Source: Wang et al., 2018)
Therefore, for the development of the business and as per the growth of the business it
is essential to interact with the structural unit of the company and develop a unique
software environment. To perform and participate in different types of tasks the
structural unit of any organization plays a great role. To achieve the organizational
objective, it is important to maintain the organizational structure in the use of
development of the business. Hence, in order to achieve the competitive advantage of
the business, the requirement of the organization is regarded as to be efficient,
flexible, caring and innovative (Wang et al., 2018). Although, the continued search

MANAGEMENT RESEARCH PROJECT
for new corporate forms is basically driven by some changes in the nature of economy
and competition. The advantages are derived less from the physical arrangements and
financial assets and more from how good the organizations align this intangible asset
as R&D, IT and knowledge workers to the requirements of their customers.
Moreover, the challenges and opportunities which globalization can afford are forcing
organizations to revisit different assumptions about the management and control of
printable assets (Bahmani-Firouzi and Azizipanah-Abarghooee, 2014).
Nowadays, computer organizations manufacture hardware accessories in China,
assemble them at Europe, ship them to Mexico and service the buyers from India's
call centre. This type of dispersal creates requirements for new structures to align
outsourced and internal units around the globe. Thus, many organizations and all sorts
of corporates nowadays prefer to design or arrange their staffs within the company in
the form of hierarchical structure (Osa and Tamminen, 2018). A good tightened
hierarchical structure is very easy for management however; it can create a problem
when winds of change start blowing. Thus, corporate hierarchies and business need to
organized in hierarchical structure and run the organization in a flexible way.
Corporate hierarchical strategy
The hierarchical structure is visualized as an inverted or pyramid tree. The level
includes executive officers, board, managers, vice president and staffs at the lower
level. The director's board represent a flock of individuals who take participation in
the process of decision making of the corporation (Lythcke-Jørgensen, Haglind and
Clausen, 2014). Basically, board member appoints a chairman who becomes
responsible for leading the directors. The executive officers such as CFO, CTO and
CEO are very responsible for the functioning and success of the corporation. All the
staffs at different levels are accountable to the executive officers and participate in

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deciding the organizational policies and goals. Furthermore, Aghajani and Ghadimi
(2018) mentioned that the vice president is that official who can take charge of
individual departments in a corporation like human resource, sales and production.
They are very responsible for executing the organisational policies and working
towards fulfilling the organizational goals as decided by the officers. Below the vice
president, managers come into the chain who can take charge of few functions in a
specific department. Their managers are responsible for conversating directly with
staffs and implementing the jobs assigned to them by upper decision authorities
within required deadlines. Lastly, the employees constitute the lower level of the
organization who mainly performs tasks in the corporation (Franco and Bellina,
2018). They are hired for their technical skills.

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Figure 3: Corporate hierarchical strategy
(Source: Franco and Bellina, 2018)
Corporate Matrix Structure
Many multinational organizations have adopted a matrix arrangement as they have a
deep belief that they can able to retain both the centralized function’s economies of
scale and the flexibility of their business units (Jereme, Siwar, Begum and Alam,
2018). However, matrix corporations are difficult to coordinate. Managers who are
operating at matrix intersection have to shuffle the dictates of two masters that lead to
delay and conflict. In spite of those difficulties, the matrix structure has some
advantages. These include:-
 Different resources can be utilized efficiently as types of equipment and
experts can be shared across projects.
 Projects and products are coordinated formally across functional departments.,
 Information flows both up through and across the corporation.
 Employees can contact many in which ultimately helps in sharing knowledge
and information and boosts the process of decision.
 Staffs have to do self-management behaviour with their managers and work
autonomously. This will enhance the process of decision making and
motivation of every employee.

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Figure 4: Corporate Matrix Structure
(Source: Jereme, Siwar, Begum and Alam, 2018)
Corporate Functional Structure
This type of structure is used to organize employees and workers. They are basically
grouped on their specific knowledge and skills. It vertically structures every
department with roles from president to the sales and finance department, to staffs
assigned to one particular service or product and to customer service (Álvarez-Bel,
Escrivá-Escrivá and Alcázar-Ortega, 2013). Hence, functional organizations include
some specialized units, which report to top management. Every functional unit
manages one aspect of services or a product like marketing, development, software,
management, information technology, sales etc. In any software organizations, the
functions have their individual vertical structure of management. Every functional
department workers communicate with one another. Hence, the organization who
flow this structure really works well in stable condition. They continue their operation
smoothly in a friendly environment (Aghajani and Ghadimi, 2018). The ultimate
objective of the functional structure is to put together each human resources necessary
for single activity in one place. This organizational structure helps any software
organization to run their business smoothly and earn a remarkable profit. In addition
to this, when an employee who have similar experience and skills are together

MANAGEMENT RESEARCH PROJECT
grouped, they make production more efficient with higher quality. Employees know
very well where to give an appropriate answer. They know one manager, thus, they do
not need to go to multiple people for giving answers. Ding et al. (2018) opined that by
doing so, employees can feel motivate and confident about what they are doing, thus,
it ultimately improve the efficiency of the organisation. It can also reduce the
confusion among staffs. They can feel loyalty to their respective department and the
corporation. Ultimately, it increases work ethics and morale as there is better job
security. There is a straight path of growth and development for employees, which
gives motivation, and they are becoming corporate with other employees in their
department (Lujano-Rojas, Dufo-López and Bernal-Agustín, 2018). Hence, a
functional organisational structure gives a shining environment for learning for new
staffs to be taught important applications of theoretical knowledge.

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Figure 5: Corporate Functional Structure
(Source: Lujano-Rojas et al., 2018)
Corporate Divisional Structure
In the case of divisional organizational structure, they organize the business activities
and service groups around the market. Hence, an organization on divisional lines can
have operating groups for Europe or the United States or for commercial consumers.
Every decision contains overall sets of functions. The green widget division handles
their own activities, marketing and sales, production, engineering and so on. This
perspective is useful when decision making should be accumulated at the division
level to react more rapidly to local environments (Takagi and Tamura, 2019). This
structure is basically useful when an organization has many markets, regions and
products. Hence, this structure has certain advantages. These include:-
 Accountability- This viewpoint makes it very easier to set responsibility for
results and actions. Their own group of management runs a division.
 Competition- The divisional structure of organization works very well in the
local market where there is a deal of competition. The local managers quickly
shift their business direction in order to respond to changes in the local
environment.
 Culture- An organization can use its divisional structure in order to create a
culture that meets the demands of the local market (Wei et al., 2018). For
instances, a retail division can have a culture particularly designed to expand
the service level to customers.

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 Local decisions- An organizational divisional structure allows the made
decided to be shifted downward in the corporation, which may ultimately
improve the ability of the corporation to respond to the conditions of the local
market (Kawamoto and Kim, 2016).
Figure 6: Corporate Divisional Structure
(Source: Kawamoto and Kim, 2016)
Studies of OM Curricula at Academic Institutions
According to the different literature, it also discussed that operation management is
also focused on the different types of academic institutions where practitioners can
coverage different certifications of the related topics. On the other hand, there are
several curricula, whichare related to operational management and programs(Pandya,
Parks, Frank, Voorhies and Elazary, 2018). There are different strategies which are
also related to, and international OM and, and international OM. On the perspective of
students view, in case of operation management, in order to be effective managers.
The key benefits identified through the terminology, career enhancement, and
broadening of skills.In addition to this, with the help of emphasis on quantitative
analysis, it can balance the theory and practices of operational management. To
include service operations, strategy, Technology, and international issues, Topical
coverage has expanded beyond the organization.There are two specific fields,

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whichare related to operational management process, which are Inventory and
Transportation Management. However, Qin, Man, Wang, Li, Dong and Ge (2018)
stated that there are new models, whichcan be represented to produce the present
administration to acquire new administrative knowledge. Operation management is
advocated due to its present boundaries. Operation management hands several
importance through which it involves the controlling planning, organizing, managing,
and the production and manufacturing processes of industry.
To improve operation management it is required various types of strategies.
Therefore, customers are involved in the process of optimizing business efficiency in
respect with operational management process (Ko, Kim, Woo, Shin, Han, Huh, Kang,
Cho, Lim, Park and Lee, 2018).
Conceptual model:

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Figure 7: Conceptual framework
(Source: Ko et al., 2018)
Language and culture play an important role in understanding the functions of
organizations as well as various organizational units around the globe. In developing
countries, there are many complexities, which are involved in carrying out the
assessments of an organization (Alotto, Guarnieri and Moro, 2014). Thus, in order to
overcome this complexity, various organisations must need to develop common
concepts and frameworks whenever they engage in the assessments of the
organisation. These concepts and frameworks help to become the success of such
assessments. A framework for improving the organizational unit's performance puts a
framework for calculating the weakness and strengths of an organisation as per their
performance. The framework depicts that an organizational unit's performance is a
function of its active motivation, capacity and organizational environment (Brentan et
al., 2018). One of the main frustration of the corporation is the inability to verify
previous existing membership with the tasks the corporation knows it must be carried
out. Some corporation has distinct boundaries. Those employees who are in the inside
of corporation would know these boundaries. Membership has some privileges.
Corporations attempt to identify responsibilities and rights, value systems, codes of
behaviour, rituals, leadership and power relationships. The rules of the corporation
and its enforcement govern corporations and make the culture of the corporation. The
societies as well as organisations both make rules and thus are governed by those
rules. Ultimately, corporations are constructed socially and their failure and success
are governed by this interaction.

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As a whole, corporations are essential social units of many sizes and shapes, which
play an important role in daily lives. All those social units have arrived from small
families and people gatherings, government entities and private enterprises like
medium and small sized businesses, global and national enterprises. The agencies of
civil society are also arriving from local groups of the community into global agencies
(Ding et al., 2018). Nowadays, a broad range of corporation is required to carry out
the adaptive and complex task, which in turn, respond to a difficult environment. As
corporations evolve and try to become successful, they adapt to their surroundings
and to technical progression. This can lead to increase specializations of people,
functions and infrastructure. As corporations specialize their tasks and the
infrastructure is required to carry out and maintain those functions, they want greater
interdependence with different work groups. Thus, specialization increases difficulty.
Hence, a conceptual framework is influenced by the work of those people who try to
understand the progression of organizational capacity (McBRIDE et al., 2018). The
gained experience along with the insights have shaped the conceptual framework.
Thus, the framework encompasses the given areas:-
a) Calculating organizational performance
b) Understanding the external environment of the organization
c) Calculating organizational motivation
d) Analysing organisational capacity
The schematic design of the framework explains the performance related to
efficiency, effectiveness and the extent to which the corporation adopt changes in its
environment (Brentan et al., 2018). The framework implies that some conceptual

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forces drive the organizational capacity, organizational performance, internal
motivation and the external environment.
Organizational Performance
The three ideas have captured the performance of most corporations. First, the non-
profit preparations view their performance relevant to how good they meet the
objectives of their goals, mission and stated purpose. To perform well, even
educational institutions should operate efficiently. The efficiency and effectiveness
were the standard concepts at one time, which were used for calculating the
performance of a corporation (McBRIDE et al., 2018). However, by late 1975, many
other variables, which were associated with the performance of an organisation, had
been emerged including innovation, turnover, adaptability and orientation to change.
Many emerging ideas are in circular and it is basically clear that various stakeholders
want various types of organizational performance. Many ideas ensure that the
corporation can able to survive (Zhi et al., 2011). The framework explains a
corporation as a good performer when it balances efficiency, effectiveness and
relevance.
Figure 8: Organisational performance

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(Source: Zhi et al., 2011)
Organizational Capacity
The capacity of an organization is the ability of an organization to utilize its resources
to perform well. If the corporation itself is the analysis unit, all the systems, resources
and processes which corporation develop to support them in their job can be
evaluated. The analysis of the system and the practices of management associated
with the financial, infrastructure and human resources helps in giving insight into the
utilization of organizational resources. Within the framework, strategic leadership
involves the niche management and strategies by the leaders, which set the
organizational direction. Structure recognizes the link between how a corporation is a
government and its vision, mission and roles finance and human resource play in the
daily activities of the corporation. Ultimately, the framework explains the
organisational ability to manage its external relations.
Figure 9: Organisational capacity
(Source: Guillen, 2016)

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Organizational Motivation
The various organisation have performed well despite few resources and
underdeveloped organisational capacities. Organizational motivation represents the
personality of a corporation. It drives every employee to perform well (Guillen,
2016). The conceptual framework assesses organizational motivation by checking the
dimensions of the organization. The agencies of civil society are also arriving from
local groups of the community into global agencies. In the same way, the assessment
framework explores the values, mission and vision of organization in order to
understand the driving forces (Azahar and Hanif, 2018). The operating culture within
an organisation and the incentives it offers are contributing to organisational
motivation. All these factors provide the corporation with its personality and affects
its performance and work quality.
External Environment
The corporations are an open system and the external environment on which they
function well is very much important. The corporations need to get support from their
environment if they are to perform well and survive. The major factor is the
environment in calculating the level of available resources. For instances,
macroeconomic poor policies lead to fluctuating currencies, high rates of interest and
a host of situations which make it complex for few corporations to perform well
(Nohara et al., 2018). The quality and characteristics of the environment like the poor
infrastructure of electricity, roads, phone lines can also impact the performance.
Hence, in evaluating a corporation, deep attention should be paid to the political,
economic, socio-cultural, demographic, environmental and technological conditions.

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Discussion of the conceptual framework
In developing countries, many complexities are involved in carrying out the
assessments of an organization. Thus, in order to overcome this complexity, various
organisations must need to develop common concepts and frameworks whenever they
engage in the assessments of the organisation. These concepts and frameworks help to
become the success of such assessments. A framework for improving the
organizational unit's performance puts a framework for calculating the weakness and
strengths of an organisation as per their performance. The framework depicts that an
organizational unit's performance is a function of its active motivation, capacity and
organizational environment (Nohara et al., 2018). Thus, a conceptual framework is
influenced by the work of those people who try to understand the progression of
organizational capacity. The gained experience along with the insights have shaped
the conceptual framework. Thus, the framework encompasses in calculating
organizational performance, understanding the external environment of the
organization, calculating organizational motivation and analysing the organisational
capacity. In the recent history of business, many organizations have attempted to
open value by relating their structural units to their management strategies
(Zakariazadeh, Jadid and Siano, 2015). A the majority of production took place in the
19th century, many organizations had generated profitable economies by centralizing
major factors like sales, finance, software management and operations. After a few
decades, as many industries diversified their offerings and moved to a new area, a
rival structured had emerged. It is therefore very necessary for every IT business
software organizations to maintain proper operation management. According to
operation management, it deals with productivity, efficiency, quality, global
competition along with customer services etc. Therefore, for the development of the

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business and as per the growth of the business it is essential to interact with the
structural unit of the company and develop unique software environment (Bello and
Mahadevan, 2019). It can be said that corporations like Lenhart Global Company
have made business units structured around software environment by altering various
regions of software. However, the smaller units of business have sacrificed few
economies of scale, although they are adaptable and flexible to local conditions.
Hence, it is very necessary for every IT business software organizations to maintain
proper operation management. According to operation management, it deals with
productivity, efficiency, quality, global competition along with customer services etc.
For the development of the business and as per the growth of the business, it is
essential to interact with the structural unit of the company and develop a unique
software environment. To achieve the organizational objective, it is important to
maintain the organizational structure in the use of development of the business.
Hence, in order to achieve the competitive advantage of the business, the requirement
of the organization is regarded as to be efficient, flexible, caring and innovative
(Takagi and Tamura, 2019). There are different types of clustered entities in an
organisation, which can be structured in many ways that depend on the targets of the
company. There are different types of entities where various responsibilities for
different types of functions are allocated by the permission of organizational structure
in a company. Therefore, the efficiency of this structural unit is important for better
development of a business. On the other hand, in perspective of the present era, there
are so many improvements in technological activities. These technological activities
are responsible for the success of business events (Lewis and Brown, 2012).
Therefore, in the case of any industries, fundamental changes are done due to global
competition.

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Methodologies:
Research design:
To conduct research there is utilized the quantitative model‐based research in respect
to operations management. On the other hand, as this process involved both the
primary and secondary research process, therefore, it includes under descriptive
research methods.The descriptive design of research is totally a valid method for
researching a particular subject and as a precursor to quantitative studies. There are
few valid concerns about the validity of statistics as long as the limitations area
completed identified by the researcher (Yap et al., 2018). This type of research is an
invaluable tool. Whilst the outcomes are always open to questionnaires and to various
interpretations, there is no negativity that they are preferable to doing no research
work at all. Hence, descriptive research does not make an accurate prediction. They
do not calculate the effect and cause. The three important types of descriptive
methods are case-study methods, observational methods and survey methods.
Figure 10: Research design
(Source: Yap et al., 2018)

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Target population and sampling:
Therefore as per the research criteria, here the target population is the employees, and
theyare requested to attain the survey methods, through which all the data are
collected in the organization. Hence, for this research proposal, the targeted
population is the employees of the respective organization. For this particular
research, 50 respondents will be chosen to carry out the survey.
For sampling here, the chosen sampling process is random sampling methods. The
random sampling methodis referred to as a variety of selection techniques process
where the probability of selection is one of the methods (Shiffman, Engfer and Paty,
2018). Therefore as per the process, it can be described that from the entire
employee's anyone can be selected for these survey methods.
Methods and procedures involved in data collection
There are two types of data collection methods, which are involved in primary and
secondary data collection process.Primary data collection process: to obtain the data,
there are twogroups’ quantitative and qualitative methods, where quantitative methods
are based on the mathematical calculation. Therefore, primary data includes close-
ended questions along with mean mode, median and others. To gather the
information, it is required the survey questions where direct employees of the
organization are involved in the process.

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Figure 11: Data collection methods
(Source: Shiffman et al., 2018)
On the other hand, secondary data depend on published journals, books, newspapers,
magazines, online portals etc. To gather information in these aspects there are
manyresources, which are available due to secondary data(Takagi and Tamura, 2019).
Therefore, it is required to set secondary information, the criteria meet to the
reliability of the source, quality of discussions, depth of analyses, and the extent of the
contribution of the text.
The researcher has used both the data collection methods viz, primary as well as
secondary data collection methods. In primary methods, the researcher has surveyed

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Lenhart Global Company and selected 50 respondents randomly out of these 100
respondents. All those selected respondent have been interviewed by the researcher.
They have been asked about organizational performance, organizational structural
units and function of every department. All the data and information has been
collected from those respondents, By gathering all the relevant data, the researcher
has assessed these data successfully and found relevant results. Moreover, in the
process of the interview, the researcher has asked close-ended questionnaires. The
respondents are required to simply answer the options from the options. The
researcher has included four options for every questionnaire. However, all the
outcomes are not the same as different respondents have different opinions about the
company (Refer to appendix 1).
On the secondary data collection method, the researcher has collected past records,
files and magazines of Lenhart Global Company. These past records are not similar to
recent records. The company has suffered from globalization in the previous days.
However, in recent days, the company is very successful in achieving their targets.
They have a good organisational structure. All other organizational units have been
also improved. It is concluded that the company mainly follows a corporate
hierarchical structure. They prefer to design or arrange their staffs within the
company in the form of a hierarchical structure. A good tightened hierarchical
structure is very easy for management however; it can create a problem when winds
of change start blowing. Thus, corporate hierarchies and business need to organized in
hierarchical structure and run the organization in a flexible way.
Data analysis methods:
For this research, purpose there is involvement of two types of data analysis methods.
Quantitative and quantitative.

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Figure 12: Data analysis method
(Source: Wang et al., 2018)
For quantitative methods, there is involved statistic process through which data are
ready to analyses(Wang, Han, Zhang, Wang and Fan, 2018). With the help of the
following process, the data are analysed which areas fo9llows: mean median mode,
percentage, range, frequency etc. In the case of Inferential Statistics methods, data can
be analysed which are obtained from the staffs where correlation, regression, analysis
of variance are related to this problem.On the contrary, another method is a qualitative
process where data are analyses due to getting familiar with the data, developing a
framework, Identifying patterns and connections, Revisiting research objectives etc.
Both the quantitative and qualitative data analysis method has been used. The
collected primary data have been evaluated through quantitative data analysis method
and the collected secondary data have been evaluated through qualitative data analysis
method. However, the collection of secondary data is difficult and it creates
unsystematic result because the old data have not matched with current data. In the
primary data collection method, the 50 respondents have been surveyed and

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interviewed as per their knowledge. The quantitative data analysis has been evaluated
by using that gathered information and knowledge from those randomly selected 50
respondents. This has helped the researcher to successfully evaluate the project.
Results and findings
This section aims to focus on the data collected from the survey in order to analyse
the data and achieve the required expected outcome. As per the analytical findings of
this reports it can be demonstrated that efficiency factor is important for improving
the business development methods through which the organization faces all the
success, as well as the organization, can reach to its aim(Wang et al., 2018). Web the
help of organizations efficiency factor an organization must be capable to develop the
right plans through which they can accomplish those aims, in addition to these it can
help to implement those plan for better service regarding their products to their
customers. Therefore, an organization's efficiency factors utilized all the resources
such as labours, cash or financial resources in case of development of business in that
organization. Hence as per the critical analysis of the data which are collected in
above-mentioned report, organizational efficiency depends on the ability of the
particular organization, which helps to implement the different strategical plan with
the help of smallest possible expenditure of resources.
In order to highest possible outcomes, organizational success depends on
organizational efficiency factors. Moreover, organization efficiency is measured
through the utilization of quantitative figures such as production costs and production
times.
Therefore as per the above study, there are several resources, which include both solid
items such as cash and as well as more abstract such as human capital (Nohara, Hori

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and Sato, 2018). Hence, the efficiency of the organization can be influenced through
these factors with the help of utilization of its resources, which are regarded as both
internal and external to the organization. As per example, on the basis of the location
of the organization, the quality of the human resources in the organization often relies
on the general education of that particular region. In accordance with for the purpose
of the efficiency of the organization is based on the Quality of management since the
chosen strategic plan are implemented due to enhancing the resources quality in that
organization.
Therefore, efficient business is capable to manufacture definite products along which
offer different types of services to meet the organizational goal within minimum
effort, waste and expense.
As per the reported study, there are several principles, which can play in different
situations to improve the efficiency of the organization (He, 2014). Therefore, on the
basis of the above finding, it can be clearly stated that the organization should
eliminate the communication barriers within the organization. As several organization
follows a structured hierarchy, which is composed of a series related to independent
divisions, which have competed against each other. Therefore, this situation has no
development and no relation in the organization to create a healthy atmosphere for the
success of the business. On the basis of this type of situation, the organization can
develop a network system through which it allows the resources to store and share
information on the central hub of the organization. Therefore better communication
increase the organizational efficiency by ensuring all relevant parties who have access
to the information.

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In addition to this according to the previous data analysis process, it is clearly
observed that digitization helps to enhance the performance of the organization (KS,
Papaiah, International Business Machines Corp, 2018). Therefore, for a paperless
business, this process is considered as a fashionably green measure through which it
also helps to develop financial sense. A digital process within the organization can
streamline the organization by improving its performance speed. With the help of this
process, an organization can share all the information which are based on it work-
related information. As a result, t helps to reduce the supply cost. Therefore, the
digitalization process helps to improve the efficiency of the structural unit of an
organization.
On the other hand, for the purpose of the organizational efficiency, which is based on
the different factors, there is another factor, which is known as creating an energy
management program within the organization(Kishor, Masoum, Nayak and
Srivastava, 2018). To improve the energy performance of the organization through
which the efficiency can be enhanced in the organization, which is done with the help
of analysing the present utilization of the energy and resources in that organization.
Hence as per the critical study, which is done in above part of this report, regarding
the improvements of the efficiencies of the organizational structure, can set the goals
of the efficient use of energy so that there are various types of plans for the purpose of
different actions.
According to the report of the previous study, it can easily identify that key
performance and factors related to productivities within the organization. Therefore, it
is used for the purpose of the customer's satisfaction along with to increase the
production stock. Hence, to achieve the goals in those areas is the responsible party
for the workers of the organization to meet their final objectives.

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Therefore, it is mandatory to measure this process periodically and evaluate the
results (Parisio, 2014). On the other hand, to improve the efficiencies in the
performance of the organization in terms of the organizational structure, a person's
law is important to study the ultimate results. In accordance with this to ensure the
ultimate goals of the organization, customers satisfaction is essential criteria.
Therefore, to measure customer satisfaction in the organization is done based on
regular survey process to each client (Sepehry, Kapourchali, Aravinthan and Jewell,
2018). As a result, there are several types of information, which are gathered by the
management of the organization to measure the performances of the workers in the
organization. After that, process management of the organization can monitor and
measure the performance of the workers who are responsible to assign the goals of the
organization.
From the above studies, there are different types of analyzation reading on the basis of
improvement of the efficiency of the organizational structural unit. For the purpose as
per the study report, it can be concluded that there are other factors, which are
responsible for the enhancement of the organizational efficiency(Aghajani and
Ghadimi, 2018). The factor is considered as to create accidents through which disaster
of management pans can be done. Therefore, the efficient company cam prepares
themselves to face the disaster for many reasons so that the resources and the
information are required to react decisively. Hence, the potential risk of the company
can be analysed with the help of the above-mentioned process to minimize and
eliminate the process(Yap, Tan and Ching, 2018). With the help of this process,
contingency pan regarding involve with an evacuation plan for the purpose of the
development of the efficiency regarding the organizational structural unit.

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For the purpose of improvement of the organizational structure, there need enough
productivities that depend on group members to achieve the goals of the organization.
Therefore to increase the productivity with the help of its employees can possible its
development towards its functionalities.to improve the efficiencies there is an urgent
requirement of successful results due to leaders(Bello and Mahadevan, 2019).
Therefore, with the help of empowering its employees can manage the hierarchical
structures. Therefore, two-end communication is mandatory to improve the
organization structure. Hence, to set up the organizational structure there are several
points through which organisational can improve it is all types of facilities(Gurung,
Derrett, Hill and Gauld, 2018).
As per the findings of the report, which is presented in the above area, employee
efficiency is also an important aspect regarding this topic. To improve employee’s
efficiency that helps to the enhancement of overall organization efficiency following
factors are required:
It is important to match the tasks, which are related to the skills of the employees.
According to the above study, the critical finding can be concluded that effective
communication can help to increase the skills of the employees through which
structural unit of the organization can be performed in the better way for that
particular organization. In addition to the proper training process can be developed the
skills and work efficiency of the employees, which helps to save the money and time
in the perspective of the organization(Cheng et al., 2018). So for the purpose of the
improvement of the structural efficiencies of the organization which are mentioned
above discussion process, is enhanced through investing HR software in the
respective company.

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Therefore, with the help of analytical findings, it can be concluded that there are
different methods through which an organization can improve its structural unit and
follow those structures so that the business can be developed and enhanced.
Research limitations
Each study has limitations. Therefore as per the research study, it is mentioned based
on the research design along with its methodology and the impact of the findings,
which are related to the study.
As the research methodologies are followed different types of surveys questionnaires
and interview process, therefore, there is various limitations are included under these
studies(Tang, 2018). The research is based on the survey methods where various
employees related to a different organization are included (Lathrop, Mendes, Enos,
Bode, Bauer, Sisneros and Kramer, 2018). Therefore, respondents who are answered
in these questions are based on their respective organization where they are employed
(Linde, Cabadag and Schegner, 2018). Hence, not all the answers are related to each
other. In addition to this process is enough time consuming as all the respondents are
not free to answer all these questions. In accordance with this, the participants who
are responsible for the answers, which are given below, are not accurate all the time.
Therefore, not all the answer is considered as the correct one. Therefore, the data
analysis process can be effected with the help of this process. As all the employees are
not assured about their management process, which is involved, to enhance the
performances of the organization, therefore the respondents are not bound to answer
all these questions. Not all the participants are bound to answer all the questions so
the maximum of the survey questions is blanked. Therefore, it is quite impossible to
analyse all the data, which are related to this particular research (Chen, 2013). On the
other hand, there is not enough time in the hand of the employees so that they are not

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bound to answer all the questions. Sometimes there is biased which is observed
according to the answer of the participants(Engel, Von Appen, Dörre, Nestle and
Ringelstein, 2018). In addition to this, there is a low validity rate regarding the
Surveys with closed-ended questions compare to other question types. In the case of
survey question patterns, respondents are overlooked about the descriptive question
manners, therefore, they gave an answer in the form of yes or no. therefore it creates
problematic situations. In accordance with this, there are many risks, whichis done
due to customized surveys.
Figure 13: Research limitation
(Source: Azahar and Hanif, 2018)

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Apart from this researchers faces another problem related to these surveys. In the
reality of the business perspectives, there is the arbitrary design of questionnaires,
which is related to pre-conceived categories and based on the multiple-choice
questions. In case of these questions, an individual respondent needs to demonstrate
different types of arithmetic manipulation of figures, creating frequencies, averages
and rates that represent "average replies". Therefore, there is a static report, which
comes due to Cross-sectional surveys (Azahar and Hanif, 2018). In addition to this,
there is a photocopy of answers, which are presented by the respondents of the same
organization due to the survey process.
In spite of survey methods, the research paper is conducted with the help of another
process known as interview methods(Moradi, Esfahanian, Abtahi and Zilouchian,
2018). Therefore there are the following problems which are faced due to the analysis
of the data which are obtained through interview methods such as: In the case of the
interview process, there is a high demand for the cost which is mentioned in terms of
energy and time. Therefore interview method sometimes considers as an uneconomic
process(Vilcu, Verzea and Herghiligiu, 2018). On the other hand, the efficiency to
gather the information through interview process is dependent on the training and skill
of interviewers. Hence, the failure of this process may report as inaccurate and
incomplete.
Conclusion:
Therefore, the research report is considered a prime part of the research process
through which it can describe different types of research issues. On the other hand,
based on the conceptual framework, critical evaluation can be done. Apart from this
there also describes different literature review based on the respective topic, which
states that the efficiency of the structural unit of the company is based on the

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improvement of their different activities. Therefore, analysis of the findings can
establish these statements. As per the assignment report, all the relevant information
can be provided through this paper.

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Client report
Outline of key implications of research findings to managerial decision-making:
For the purpose of decision making, the organizational structure of the business has a
definite role. With the help of the chairperson, the typical organizational chart
describes a hierarchy where executive officers set different types of goals (McBRIDE,
Ambardekar, Cedola, Petre, Wall and Bobrov, Microsoft Technology Licensing LLC,
2018). With the help of the application process, these goals are supported by the
layers of managers in which the area of the responsibilities is arranged in order to
appropriate information flow of the management of that organization.
In case of an organization own decision maker of the organization can manage all the
decisions of specialized units. Therefore, it is best to know the requirements as well as
the problems of that particular unit (Jereme, Siwar, Begum and Alam, 2018).
Therefore the performance of the managerial level regarding the information in which
the executive level may access only the relevant information to achieve its goals and
purposes of the direction (Hu, Tian, Li and Zhang, 2018). Therefore, the purpose of
the organizational structure is considered to distribute the decisions of executive
management. With the help of different administrative levels, these decisions can be
distributed as well as interpreted through the managers, which help to put the
decisions into practices (Obrycki and Karlen, 2018). In case of future executive
decisions, organizational structures help to develop a way in which managers can
send performance feedbacks with the bits of the help of the communication process.
In the case of an organization, there is an important role in the decision-making
process through which it requires suitable methods of leadership decisions.

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Therefore, organizational structure can be divided into the operations of a particular
organization, which empowers the specialized departments with the help of the
managers in those departments. They are responsible to deal with the different
problems through which the organization can develop the efficiency process and
productions. In addition to this process can be customized to their particular
departments(Song and Huang, 2018). On the other hand, there is the corporate
management level, which is promoted with the help of following factors where
knowledge of enterprises are developed, examined and preserved for the future
activities of the department. In addition to this with the help of the planning process of
enterprises, there is consider as easy accessibility.
As a result of the organizational structure in case of the decision-making process is
clearly revealed that executive management can be allowed by the production level of
enterprises (Townsend, 2018). Therefore, the key focus of this process is to achieve
the targets of the company. Hence, the process can help in the decision-making
process.
Recommendations and benefits based on research outcomes
For getting the benefits of the research outcomes, there are some recommendations
that should be followed by the company. They are as follows.
1. Make Use of Human Resources
In an organisation, the human resource is the most important part, which has all the
responsibility to maintain the organisational structure. To increase the effectiveness of
the company and its structural units. The employees of the company implement all the
strategies of business (Bondarenko and Fukuda, 2018). Therefore, experts must be

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included in the company so that they can hire the employees by considering their
skills, which are appropriate for the organisational structure of the company.
2. Focus on Education and Growth
Leadership is another important issue, which must be kept in mind. In the
organisation, the strength and weaknesses of the employees must be understood. Only
the leaders can do these. The strengths, skills of the employees help the company to
implement new strategies so that the organisational structure can work effectively. So,
skilled leaders must be hired in the company so that the teams can be made as per the
need of the company.
3. Use Technology
The effectiveness and efficiency of a company depend on technological means. The
use of advanced technology especially the use of updated software helps the company
to gain its objectives in less time. So, to incorporate the technologies, professionals in
this segment must be hired by the company. There are many programmes related to
the development of the software, which should be organised in the company to make
the organisational structure more effective and efficient (Maulik and Das, 2018).
Training must be provided to the employees so that they can cope with technological
advancement. These recommendations will be very helpful to increase the
effectiveness of the structural unit of the company.
Recommendation for decision-making
There are some recommendations for the decision making of the companies. They are
as follows.
1. Reframe the problem

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In the case of decision making, it is very essential to reframe the problem area. In case
of any problem, it is advised to take a step back and consider the issue from all the
aspects.
2. Make evidence-based decisions
Evidence-based decisions should always be taken in the context of decision-making.
In this issue, pieces of evidence must be scientific. Scientific pieces of evidence help
to take decisions that are more accurate rather than the assumptions of a particular
person (Hasibuan, Tian, Li and Zhang, 2018). The data related to performance must
be used so that it can support the decisions of the company. In this case, data that are
complete and current must be included.
3. Get an outside perspective...but trust yourself
Opinions must be taken from different people as well as information must be
gathered. By collecting different perspectives, the issues related to the organisational
structure can be seen from different angles.
4. Employee opinions count
The opinions of the employees must be given importance. In the organisational
structure, the opinions of the employees must be regarded in the decision-making
process. The evaluation of the performance of the employees must be done so that
encouragement can be given to the employees.
5. Deal with problems

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The problems can be dealt with by consulting the problems of the company. By
consulting with many people, many ideas and interpretations can be gathered from
which taking decisions can be easy (Pina, Silva and Ferrão, 2012).
6. Let go of past mistakes
In many cases, taking decisions becomes difficult because of past experiences. In
many cases, the past decisions of the company could fail, which affect the present and
a sense of failure works in the mind (Zhang et al., 2018). Therefore, it is
recommended that the company must acknowledge the mistakes and new decisions
must be taken avoiding past experiences.
7. Be honest with yourself
It is another important issue in the case of decision-making. The individual who is in
the position of decision-making should be honest to himself. He must check all the
evidence to take the opinions and interpretations (Jafari et al., 2018). By just gathering
some general information, making decisions is not correct for the company.
Therefore, appropriate use of proper information must be there to take decisions on
behalf of the company.
Final combined report
Background and focus of the study
As per the whole assignment, the management of the operational area of a company is
discussed. Specifically, the inefficiency of a company's structural unit is the key point
of discussion (Chen et al., 2013). Interaction of the inefficiency of the structural unit
with the software environment of the company is the main point, which is in the focus
of the study. The inefficiency and the effects of it change the activities of the software

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by changing the different areas of the software environment. This topic is chosen
because through the discussion of this topic, the inefficiency can be known in the
structural unit of a company and the efficiency can be improved by solving the
problems (Fang and Yang, 2018). The operational area is a very important part of a
company and by improving the efficiency, the other sections like the technological
department can be advanced. By this discussion, the objectives of the research such as
improving the strategies of the operational areas, the identification of proper
technology in the software environment, serving the best customer experiences can be
discussed.
Literature review
To discuss the topic, the literature review has been done to know the different factors
related to the topics and the impact of those factors on the improvement of the
particular software environment (Xu, 2018). For accomplishing the literature review,
the primary data have been collected by doing multiple surveys and providing
questionnaires. The surveys are done in several business organisations, specifically in
the operational unit of the companies. Employees, as well as managers, are taken into
account in this context. Face-to-face interviews are conducted and simultaneously
questionnaires are provided to the employees so that a gross amount of data can be
collected from them. As per the surveys and questionnaires, it is evident that to
increase the efficiency of the structural unit of a company by interacting with the
software environment, there are mainly four structures of business which must be
incorporated (Brentan, Meirelles, Luvizotto Jr and Izquierdo, 2018). There are some
advantages of these structures by which the efficiency of the organisationcan be
improved.

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Hierarchical business structure
In the hierarchical structure of the business organisation, the whole process of work
and related decisions are taken in a hierarchical format (Ding, Yang, Xing and Xie,
2018). The decisions taken by the top level management is passed to the bottom level
and in the same way, the decision that is considered to be taken by the bottom level is
sent to the higher level for their approval. By using this structure, the staffs of a
particular organisation can learn to manage an organization (Vázquez and Soto,
2017). Their experiences from this structure help them to achieve efficiency in their
work. This experience makes them manage a good position in the corporate world and
for that particular company, it makes them efficient towards their work so that the
structural unit can be improved. The hierarchical structure of the company helps to
spread message related to marketing (Malano and van Hofwegen, 2018). The
distribution of the message can be easy by implementing this structure. Other than
that, to maintain the reputation all over the world in the case of high-volume products,
marketing, distribution, production and all the related aspects of the structural unit can
be controlled. The hierarchical structure makes the authority in an organisation in the
case of decision-making.

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Figure 14: Hierarchical business structure
(Source: Malano and van Hofwegen, 2018)
Matrix Organizational Structure
Another important structure that Lenhart Global Company can implement to improve
the efficiency of the structural unit of a company when interacting with a company's
software environment. According to this structure, the employees are incorporated in
a manner, which avoids the hierarchy and takes the form of a grid or matrix. There are
functional managers as well as a product manager and there are dual relationships
present in the company with all the employees (Busarello et al., 2018). In this
structure there is no need to select employees in different functions of the company,
rather product manager, functional managers are present, and in any issue, the
employees can report as per their need. The functional managers help to improve the
skills and also provide reviews and suggestions for the work to the employees. On the
other hand, the products manager decides the ways in which the company offers
products to their customers and they give guidance to the employers in this issue. This

MANAGEMENT RESEARCH PROJECT
structure is implemented in the company because by using this structure, efficient
utilization of resources can be done. It is only possible because the types of equipment
and experts are there in the whole project and sharing can also be done (Li et al.,
2018). This structure is also helpful because information related to any project can
flow in all directions of the organisation. Connections are there between the
employees and other people, which help them, gather and share information. This
helps the company to take any decision in less time. Thus, the matrix structure is
helpful in increasing the efficiency of the structural unit's interaction with the
company's software environment.
Figure 15: Matrix business structure
(Source: Busarello et al., 2018)

MANAGEMENT RESEARCH PROJECT
Functional Organizational Structure
Functional organising structure is another important structure that can be implemented
for a company so that the employees can be organised. As per the knowledge and the
skills, the employees of an organisationare divided and teamed (Schulze, 2016). The
employees are allocated to different areas of organisations such as giving service to
customers, in departments of sale and finance etc. There are special units present in
the organisations, which run on a functional organisational structure, and the reports
must be given to the particular authority of that unit. Development, information
technology, research, marketingetc are the sections, which are generally handled by
the functional units. There are some advantages to this structure. The efficiency of the
products can be increased when the experiences and knowledge of the employees are
teamed up (Pamparana et al., 2018). In the organisational structure, the employees'
tasks and roles remain approximately the same. As a result of that, clearance is seen in
accountability and the time taken for learning is very less. In this structure, staffs are
very clear about their top management and confusion related to reporting the authority
is very less. A sense of self-confidence is grown in the employees and they work very
confidently in this structure. Loyalty is also seen among the staffs for the companies
they are working on. The employees feel secure and their ethics related to job
increases (Cheng, Hu, Liu and Cai, 2018). Thus, the organisational structure helps to
increase the efficiency of the structural unit of a company.

MANAGEMENT RESEARCH PROJECT
Figure 16: Functional business structure
(Source: Pamparana et al., 2018)
Divisional organizational structure
This is another structure, which can be implemented to Lenhart Global to improve the
efficiency of the structural unit. In these structures, a number of teams are employed
to focus on a single product. In the companies, departments and divisions both exist
(Chaouachi, 2013). The terms are not the same in meaning. In the divisions, there are
top executives and vice president and recruitment, budgets, advertisement etc are
managed inside the division. This structure provides many advantages of which the
most important one is the focus of the team. A group of employees concentrates on a
particular service or product. It also provides a structure of leadership that help to
achieve the objectives strategically. As the employees work in a team, the sharing of
knowledge gets better. The ethics and morale of the staffs are also improved by this
structure (Kuiken and Más, 2019). These are the reasons for which the structure can

MANAGEMENT RESEARCH PROJECT
be associated with the improvement of efficiency of the company's structural unit
when interacting with the software environment of the company.
Figure 17: Divisional organizational structure
(Ssource: Chaouachi, 2013)
Research design
For doing the research, quantitative models are used in this context. In this
assignment, the primary, as well as secondary research, are incorporated to achieve
the expected outcome of the report. The research methods are included in descriptive
research. In this research, employees are the main population from which the samples
are collected.in this particular topic, there are 50 respondents who are selected for
completing the survey. The sampling method, which is chosen here, is a random

MANAGEMENT RESEARCH PROJECT
sampling. There are two types of data collected for this research, such as primary and
secondary (Ju, Wang, Goel and Xu, 2018). The primary data deals with the results of
the survey and questionnaires and the secondary data deal with information gathered
from books, journals, articles, newspapers, websites etc.
Figure 18: Research design
(Source: Ju et al., 2018)
Analysis of the findings
As per the analysis of the findings, the efficiency of a company can be improved in
some ways. The first point, which must be mentioned, is to remove the barriers of
communication. The information is shared among all the employees of the Lenhart
Global organization (Wei, He, Li, Shi and Simoes, 2018). So, communication is made
better so that the efficiency of a company can be increased. Companies are trying to
be digital and the use of paper must be reduced. A program related to management of
energy is organised by the company to save energy and other resources. The company

MANAGEMENT RESEARCH PROJECT
identifies the factors that are responsible for increasing productivity. Thus, a company
can increase the efficiency of the structural unit and its interactions with the software
environment.
Figure 19: Efficiency in a company
(Source: Wei et al., 2018)
Conclusion
To increase the efficiency of an organisation it is very important to use the resources
effectively. The plans and strategies must be implemented in a way so that the
company can run smoothly. By changing some areas of software, the company
increases the interaction with the company's software development. By doing the
whole research, the areas are identified where the changes can be done.

MANAGEMENT RESEARCH PROJECT
Recommendations
On the basis of the whole study, there are some recommendations that can be given to
a company for increasing its efficiency.
1. The companies must clear their objectives and the focus must be on it when
implementing the strategies.
2. Employees must be given the training to develop their skills.
3. Employees must be given incentives so that they are motivated.
4. All the levels of management must communicate with each other and the managers
and leaders should communicate with the employees in an effective manner.
5. A particular task is allocated to an employee regarding his skill. It will make the
employee satisfied with his area of a task.
6. The departments must be collaborated to accomplish the goals of the company.

MANAGEMENT RESEARCH PROJECT
Figure 20: Organizational efficiency model
(Source: Nohara et al., 2018)

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Appendix
Questionnaire
1. Describe your plant's managerial style and culture.
2. On average, about how often do members of your plant's staff move within the
organization?
3. Within your organization, who and what is driving this present improvement
effort?
4. What is the single most important impetus behind this effort (e.g. cost, quality,
throughput, etc.)?
5. Is there general agreement among your plant's staff that these improvements
are essential?
6. Is your staff in general agreement as to the focus and direction that these
improvement efforts will take?
7. Is your staff in overall agreement that outside assistance should be sought to
help implement these improvements?
8. Do any maintenance functions report directly to production? If so, which and
at what level?
9. Do you have a single major contractor on site who routinely provides capital
and support services?
10. Do you have an operations/maintenance organization chart?
Interview transcript with managers

MANAGEMENT RESEARCH PROJECT
1st transcript
1. Question 1. What Experience Do You Have With Presentations?
Answer:
As an operation director, it is vital to have the capacity to convey successfully. For
individuals inside the organization, yet additionally outside the association. The
Operations Manager might be required to speak to the Company in gatherings and
meetings. Since these tasks supervisors are met all requirements to discuss subtleties
of prospects, plans, extension, potential development and any present activities, it is
critical to have the capacity to address an assorted crowd.
Question 2. How Might The Operations Manager (you) Be Involved With
Individual Employees Morale?
Answer :
This inquiry frequently measures whether an individual comprehends the situation of
tasks director and has a decent comprehension of the extent of the activity. The
Director of Operations will manage irregularities, discipline and the Bureau's
guidelines on a little scale.
This regularly implies compelling correspondence with/regard for individual workers
to guarantee relief of individual debate or complaints. Be set up to request explicit
models where your choice has influenced a positive or negative frame of mind.
Question 3. What Are Some Skills That You Bring To The Table (as An
Operations Manager)what Are Your Strengths?
Answer :

MANAGEMENT RESEARCH PROJECT
A portion of the required aptitudes in Operations Management incorporates superb
relational abilities, administration abilities, critical thinking capacity, learning/fast
reasoning. Rather than broadcasting key expressions that individuals think they need
to hear, make them pertinent to your experience. One precedent may be that you dealt
with the progressions and detailed the progressions at all dimensions of your staff
utilizing your relational abilities and administration capacities.
You may likewise have the capacity to feature the way that you can convey messages
over all dimensions of the association and outside gatherings, regardless of whether
they incorporate senior administration individuals or subcontractors.
Question 4. Can You Tell Us About The Daily Tasks You Have Handled (as An
Operation Manager)?
Answer :
As it can be learnt from the fact, the Operations Manager has various diverse errands
to manage every day. Rather than giving general information, it is ideal to give
explicit precedents. A few recommendations may incorporate directing prospective
employee meetings, being director of staff, managing stock control and coordinations,
guaranteeing facilitated portability starting with one area then onto the next,
orchestrating offices, and planning spending plans for projects.
Rather than giving an expansive diagram of undertakings, attempt to give a
fundamental outline with some particular subtleties. This will furnish you with a
superior comprehension of what your work involves.
Question 5. What Do You Know About Managing Budgets?
Answer :

MANAGEMENT RESEARCH PROJECT
Process managers usually participate in budget planning. Their goal is to find out the
amount actually spent, the amount to be spent, and how to spend the remaining budget
in order to get the resources needed within the budget. Process managers may
participate in financial issues such as company loans.
Question 6. How Might An Operations Manager Be Involved With Individual
Employees?
Answer :
The scope of operations manager is broad, but it deals with regulations, discipline and
small-scale conflict as well.
The role of the operations manager is often to mitigate personal disputes or grievances
through active attention and communication with individual staff.
Question 7. What Skills Do You Consider Crucial For Success In This Position?
Answer :
Some undeniable models incorporate speedy learning/considering, dexterity, initiative
and relational abilities.
Portray how you truly have extensive experience with these. For instance: I utilized
relational abilities and authority capacities to oversee changes and manage all
dimensions of staff.
You can discuss your business aptitudes to coordinate messages and impart them
plainly at all dimensions of the association, from subcontractors to senior
administration.

MANAGEMENT RESEARCH PROJECT
Question 8. Tell Me Some Of The Tasks You’ve Handled Daily As An Operation
Manager.
Answer:
The activities are various, so give some particular models, for instance: getting ready
program budget plans, arranging facilities at offices, guaranteeing facilitated traffic
starting with one area then onto the next, stock control and coordinations, being a staff
chief, directing business meets, etc.
Question 9. What experience do you have as to the situation of this assigned
INFORMATION SYSTEMS MANAGER position?
Since I began my first paper trip at ten years old, I was planning something for keep
myself occupied and profiting. At the time, it was clear about acquiring some cash
spent. What I didn't understand was that I really begun an adventure to figure out
what I got a kick out of the chance to do and how to fit in with the fantastic plan of
things. She at that point functioned as a lesser PC professional in the last two
secondary school semesters. I found here what I was enthusiastic about and what I
needed to do. I have gone to school to get my degree in software engineering, and I
have been working in innovation from that point forward
Question 10. As an information systems manager, what is your management
style?
Answer:
According to me, it is crucial to properly delegate the authorities and responsibilities.
The group should probably grow and develop as people and all individuals from
society, and is not hampered by low desires or sense of self.

MANAGEMENT RESEARCH PROJECT
2nd transcript
1. Are you clear on the strategic priorities that will enable your organization
to achieve your desired impact over the next several years?
Clear needs are the "north star" against which an association can adjust its kin,
structure, and procedures, and manufacture its way of life. At the point when an
association's head has built up clear needs, the person in question has basically
characterized what "achievement" will resemble. Against that objective, it winds up
simpler to figure out which projects or activities are fundamental, and which are not,
and to dispense assets in like manner.
2. Have you communicated your strategy clearly enough that everyone
within the organization understands where you are going, why, and how
you will get there?
One approach to decide whether your association has clear needs is to solicit every
part from the senior supervisory group to make a rundown of its best five needs for
the following one to three years. When you've thought about the rundowns, you'll
have the capacity to see whether the colleagues are in agreement. In the event that
they are, you'll next need to decide if the needs are very much conveyed all through
the association. To start to discover, solicit a delegate test from administrators at the
following dimension down to participate in a similar exercise. These basic activities
will enable you to decide whether your test is clearing up needs or on the off chance
that you have to work to on conveying the needs to empower arrangement to them.
3. Given the organization's priorities, what decisions are truly critical?
With plainly conveyed needs come increasingly reliable choices, given that leaders all
through the association are controlling their decisions with a similar compass. So,

MANAGEMENT RESEARCH PROJECT
adequate room frequently stays for refinement of the basic leadership process itself. A
well-characterized basic leadership process prompts increasingly productive,
responsive, and straightforward choices, with less job perplexity and along these lines
less clash.
4. Who in your organization must work closely together to achieve these
priorities, and does your structure enable them to do so?
Recognizing the work that is basic to accomplishing the association's needs, who does
that work, and how it conveys the ideal results uncovers which individuals need to
cooperate and, eventually, regardless of whether the present structure encourages their
work. Hierarchical structure specialists in the for-benefit and charitable areas alike
discussion about the "gathering and connecting" of work. They locate that most
authority groups give a great deal of consideration to how function is assembled:
around topographies, for instance, or product offerings or utilitarian territories, for
example, money or HR. Most, nonetheless, give less consideration to how individuals
need to cooperate over these gatherings, and in this way neglect to set up the sorts of
basic systems that can make such coordination simpler. Without these components,
individuals end up working in their very own storehouses. The aftermath ranges from
sat around idly (as individuals attempt to discover data that isn't promptly accessible
to them), to low quality work (when the correct info isn't fused), to poor execution
(since partners basic to usage neglect to purchase in).

MANAGEMENT RESEARCH PROJECT
5. Do we have the right people and capabilities to achieve our priorities, and
do our people feel that their goals and measures align with these
priorities?
One approach to evaluate and improve the viability of your kin is to decide how they
are adjusted against the association's needs. For every need, recognize who is taking a
shot at it and contrast it with things that are of lower need. It's additionally imperative
to keep up the association with the association's abnormal state needs when defining
singular execution objectives and surveying staff execution. Time after time,
execution audits are "registration box" exercises. It's simpler for members to pay
attention to surveys—and feel that the procedure is significant—when singular
objectives are plainly connected to the association's general objectives. Execution
surveys likewise should prompt activity, impacting aptitude improvement plans,
future occupation assignments, advancements, and prizes. As one center chief put it,
"Staff individuals are routinely set in a place where they need to settle on a decision
between really carrying out their responsibilities well and seeming to carry out their
responsibilities well."
6. Have you defined the work processes and tools to enable your people to be
effective as they address your top priorities?
Time spent illuminating and sharpening work procedures, and making them
unequivocal and available to representatives can decrease adjust and rehash. The
exertion can likewise add to consistency and improving dimensions of value. This is
gold to any charitable, yet it's especially profitable when an association is attempting
to expand sway on a tight spending plan or setting out on a development plan.
7. Concerning Organizational Cultures?

MANAGEMENT RESEARCH PROJECT
The stronger the culture, the more influential it is on employee behavior
8. Shared Organizational Values Are?
different for the various components of a diverse workforce
9. Which Of The Following Best Explains Why An Employee Behaves As
S/he Does?
Both the environment and individual differences are important considerations in
understanding individual employee behavior.
10. Motivation Is Important To Managers Because
it is a significant contributor to high performance
3rd transcript
1. Considering Extrinsic Rewards?
Benefits are usually based on longevity, not performance
2. In Order From Lowest To Highest, What Are Maslow's Five Classes Of
Needs?
Physiological—safety—social—esteem—self-actualization
3. A Lack Of Clarity Concerning What Will Happen Is Referred To As
Uncertainty
4. Employees With Relatively Weak Higher-order Needs Are _______
Concerned With Variety And Autonomy
Less
5. Which Of The Following Is A Strategy Of Job Design That Increases
Job Depth By Meeting Employees Needs For Psychological Growth?
Job enrichment
6. What Is The Key Word In Understanding Organization Structure?

MANAGEMENT RESEARCH PROJECT
Control
7. Organization Structures
Can be defined simply as activities that occur regularly
8. Groups Created By Managerial Decision In Order To Accomplish
Stated Goals Of The Organization Are Called?
Formal groups
9. Continued Membership In A Group Will Usually Require?
Conforming to group norms
10. Which Of The Following Is True Of Managers In Relationship To
Conflict?
Managers attempt to eliminate conflict because the organization rewards them for
keeping conflict out of their area of responsibility.
4rth transcript
1. If there is a problem, to whom do the employees turn first?
Do individuals will in general go to that individual since they are topic specialists, or
on the grounds that they have intrinsic administration characteristics and are
successful issue solvers? While this might be hard to decide through measurements,
an overview of representatives will regularly recognize a couple of individuals who
are the "go to" individuals from their association. It might likewise be conceivable to
gain this understanding — while regarding your association's protection arrangement
— by checking on how frequently individuals are proactively contacting a specific
director by seeing information gathered from your Knowledge Management System.
2. Which managers have the best safety records, the best customer satisfaction,
and the lowest absenteeism?

MANAGEMENT RESEARCH PROJECT
By seeing standard organization measurements —, for example, security appraisals,
consumer loyalty, and non-attendance — and looking at by administrator, you can
recognize which directors are accomplishing the best outcomes, and which need
further direction or backing. The estimation of wellbeing and consumer loyalty is self-
evident, yet non-attendance is regularly a "sleeper" issue that, when observed, can
give extraordinary understanding into chief execution, while additionally recognizing
open door for efficiency upgrades.
3. Which managers retain the most top performers?
There is a typical saying in HR that "individuals don't find employment elsewhere,
they leave their supervisor." What is the best technique to decide if administrator
execution is in actuality in charge of worker acquiescence, especially among superior
workers? A general abdication metric — which additionally consolidates the turnover
of poor performing workers — is too wide to even consider supporting great quality
choices about administration. Rather, look at the abdication rate of superior workers
to check whether there is a shared factor.
4. Which managers grow the best employees?
Similarly as significant as holding superior workers is creating ability. This can
appear as preparing workers at work to fill future basic jobs, creating ability as a
component of authority progression arranging, or just driving efficiency and
execution through tutoring and improvement. To survey which administrators are
developing the best representatives, take a gander at the improvement history of top
performing successors, and check whether a specific supervisor is related with those
individuals.

MANAGEMENT RESEARCH PROJECT
5. Which managers have generated the most innovative products, services, or
processes?
Through performance management you can see which managers score the highest in
their performance reviews. However, another more laser-focused way to assess
manager effectiveness is to review your corporate objectives and identify the
managers that have delivered the most against them. For instance, if innovation is key
to your corporate strategy and goals, look for the managers whose teams delivered the
most innovative products and services. If you are focused on improving the bottom-
line, look for managers whose teams have improved their productivity the most
through innovation in processes.
6. What is the real network of relationships among employees, the hierarchical
organization notwithstanding?
Well-arranged workers who have a place with associations that deliberately construct
coordinated effort are increasingly imaginative, quicker at critical thinking, and
snappier to react to advertise shifts, all of which make a difficult to-duplicate upper
hand.
7. What is the business’s value proposition and it sources of competitive
advantage?
Business procedures are grandiose, ordinarily long haul situated, and regularly
optimistic. By complexity a convincing incentive depicts briefly how the organization
will contend effectively against its opposition—and suggests the basic exercises
around which the association ought to be planned.

MANAGEMENT RESEARCH PROJECT
8. Which organizational activities directly deliver on that value proposition—
and, by contrast, which activities can the company afford to perform in a way
equivalent to competition?
At the point when looked with an association configuration challenge, numerous
supervisors race to snatch a mixed drink napkin—long the instrument of decision for
rearranging—and sketch out an abnormal state chart of boxes and revealing
connections. In doing as such, they certainly acknowledge the manner in which
hierarchical assets and expenses are as of now sent and pass up on chances for
progressively inventive, viable structure.
9. Which organization structure should we choose, and how do we overcome its
inherent downsides?
Numerous pioneers experience passionate feelings for the association structure they're
most acquainted with, regardless of whether it's composed by capacity, geographic
area, client fragment, or through a grid. In the process they disregard to value the
masters and inborn cons of the structure and in this way neglect to find a way to
moderate the drawbacks. While a structure sorted out around client bunches is
incredible for drawing near to them and taking into account their requirements, for
example, it tends to be exorbitant, and after some time enthusiasm for item
advancement may disappear.
10. What type of leadership and culture are required to achieve the value
proposition?
For all the table beating that chiefs do about culture change, few completely consider
the sort of authority and culture required to put another association plan into rigging.

MANAGEMENT RESEARCH PROJECT
Plainly, an ease maker system requests a savage spotlight on controlling expenses
while a client centered association needs to energize profound client information and
inner coordination went for making client explicit items and administrations.
5th transcript
1. Concerning Leadership Concepts
It is likely that a particular set of leader characteristics and behaviors do suit specific
situations and groups
2. The Definition Of Communication Implies That?
Understanding must occur to have communication.
3. The Least-used Communication Channel In An Organization Is Usually?
Horizontal
4. Specific Procedures Developed For Repetitive And Routine Problems
Are?
Programmed decisions
5. An Important Potential Environmental Source Of Change Is?
A new competitive product.
6. How Would You Describe Your Management Style?

MANAGEMENT RESEARCH PROJECT
I adjust my administration systems dependent on the current circumstance, as
workplaces are always powerful and frequently should be taken care of in remarkable,
novel ways.
7. What Would You Do if You Had a Subordinate Doing Their Job Inefficiently?
I consider any individual who works with me to be an expansion of my viability as
supervisor. I will talk about any issues with the worker exclusively and truly, yet on
the off chance that their work influences the main concern of the organization, their
weaknesses are likewise my duty.
8. How Do You Measure Your Success as a Manager?
The executives is tied in with defining and achieving objectives and
worker/authoritative connections. I measure adequacy by taking a gander at the
information, guaranteeing that I am fulfilling time constraints early and
accomplishing authoritative development, and keeping spirit high and those under my
watch connected with and dynamic in their errands.
9. How Do You Keep Staff Members Motivated?
I do my best to indicate acknowledgment and affirmation to all representatives that
meet objectives, which keeps confidence high and workers on task. Likewise, when
appropriate, I keep tasks reliant inside the group, with the goal that staff individuals
require and urge individual staff individuals to finish their work.
10. How Do You Delegate Tasks?
For each staff part I make a sheet of itemized, significant undertakings and evaluated
due dates. I at that point meet with each staff part separately to guarantee they

MANAGEMENT RESEARCH PROJECT
likewise consent to the due dates and answer any inquiries they have. I likewise plan
standard work in advancement gatherings to monitor their status.
Graph on improving the organisational efficiency