Project Knowledge Transfer: A Set-Theoretic Approach

This assignment, based on Bakker et al.'s 'Managing the project learning paradox', focuses on applying a set-theoretic approach towards project knowledge transfer. It requires understanding the project learning paradox and developing strategies to manage it effectively. Additionally, the assignment touches upon related aspects like business ethics (Crane & Matten), megaproject decision-making (Eweje et al.), people management skills (Fisher), brand equity (Keller et al.), project governance (Too & Weaver), CSR initiatives (Yuan et al., Zhao), and WBS for structuring projects. The assignment aims to integrate these concepts into a comprehensive understanding of project knowledge transfer.

Managing A Successful
Business Project

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
P1 Aims and objectives of project..............................................................................................1
P2. Project management plan......................................................................................................2
P3 Work breakdown structure and Gantt chart to provide time frames and stages for
completion...................................................................................................................................5
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................7
P4 Small-scale research for meeting project aims or objectives.................................................7
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................9
P5 Analyse research and data by tools or techniques.................................................................9
...................................................................................................................................................11
...................................................................................................................................................13
P6 Recommendation.................................................................................................................13
TASK 4..........................................................................................................................................14
P7 Reflection.............................................................................................................................14
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................14
REFRENCES.................................................................................................................................16

INTRODUCTION
Project management is a difficult task for every individual because in this requires proper
research and investigation for achieving business goals or objectives. In modern era, every firm
is focusing on adopting new digital technologies for the purpose of bringing innovations and
creations in the firm. Digitalisation is defined as a process which redesigns particular product
and brings changes for meeting customers’ demands and needs. It is essential for developing
business with innovative ideas and unique creation of goods or services in an effective manner.
This report is based on Unicorn Grocery firm (Bakker, 2011). It will define the aim and
objectives of project and the way to produce a project management plan by considering various
aspects including cost, quality and time. Work Breakdown Structure and Gantt chart also provide
time frames. In this conduct small-scale research and use qualitative and quantitative method as
well as data collect from tools or techniques. Recommendation and reflection for analyse data
and meet with project objectives or goals.
TASK 1
P1 Aims and objectives of project
In every organisation, they have their own aim or objectives for achieving growth and
sustainability advantages in a better manner. They generally focus on developing organisation by
adopting various strategies as well as execute advanced technologies so that they can create
better firm with innovative ideas and creations in an effective manner. Therefore, it is necessary
to introduce innovative technologies and digital disruption within an organisation for running
more smooth or efficient way (Bakker, 2011). Digitalisation is a helpful tool for every business
firm as they have opportunities to compete with competitors and achieve predetermined goals or
objectives. Company usually adopts digital technologies to manage the business operations
including marketing, human resource, accounts and communication by using tools or techniques
such as computer software applications, internet services, networking and Information
Technologies services within firm.
Background of Project:
Every firm requires to consider new innovative ideas and digital technologies for
surviving from competitive market and achieve particular growth of the firm. It is necessary in
the changing climate as several alternation are occurring as per the time changes so that company
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can attains its set targets or goals in very efficient manner. Digital disruption is beneficial for
every firm as they can make better decisions regarding solving any particular problems that can
be occurred while running business due to complexities, so it help to get best possible solutions
in an effective way (Crane, 2016). It can be analysed that there should be compulsory to adopt
digital technology for producing quality products or services, record documentations and many
more because it will support in reducing costs and time factors and get best outcomes during
operating business.
Topic: “How business has cope up with the major challenges of digital disruption and
transformation: A case study of Unicorn Grocery.”
Aims: The main aim of this firm is to become successful firm and first choice of people for
business development. Their main focus on 'How businesses have cope up with the major
challenges of digital disruption and transformation: A case study of Unicorn Grocery.'
Objectives:
 To examine major impact of digital disruption in Unicorn Grocery
 To analyse the transformation of business firm after adopting digital disruption
 To evaluate the effectiveness of digital disruption for resolving problems in company
 The main specific objective is to improve communication skills as well as procedures
within the organisation so that disputes can be resolved in well manner.
 The objective should be measurable therefore, company can find the appropriate gap as
well as effectiveness about the technologies in better ways.
 The Objectives also must be achievable as Unicorn grocery can bring changes while
adopting digital technologies.
 It is necessary to have realistic objectives that can convert into real life and achieve set
targets in well manner.
 Last but not list as time duration in which defined that digital technologies can achieve
objectives within set time period in an appropriate way.
 To evaluate the increment (in terms of percentage) growth of sale of the company
within one year period of time after digitisation
 To analyse the improvement in the productivity(in terms of percentage) within a
year after implementation of digital technology
Research questions:
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 What are the major impacts of digital disruption on Unicorn Grocery?
 Which are the transformation of business after adopting digital disruption in Unicorn
Grocery?
 How company is considering digital disruption and transformation for solving major
problems?
P2. Project management plan
This is very necessary to become successful firm that to produce effective plan for project
management. Therefore, organisation undertake an appropriate plan for managing particular
project to develop the business and achieve set goals. Planning is the first phase where proper
frame work are prepared regarding any project (Crane, 2016). It support in designing the entire
activities and functions for running the business operations as in this consider appropriate facts
as well as figures so that particular tasks can be achieved. There are several responsibilities of
the management during planning process as they design, formulates and try to implement those
in well mannered. These activities are performed by special project team, experts as well as
experience holders who can give better suggestions and recommendation towards achieving
organisational goals in very impressive way. Project management support in making effective
decisions and corrective actions for adoption of any strategies and digital technologies within the
firm (Matten, 2016). There are number of factors available which have major impact on the
business organisation as they always create complications and barriers while completing the
project. These factors are defining here which affects on the planning process such as;
Scope: It is an important element that must be undertake by firm as they consider this
factor for analysing the best scope for particular project study which are undertaking in the
planning procedure. So, they just focus on its implementation and executions in well manner for
achieving set goals or objectives in an efficient manner. Planner always look for various
challenges that can be occur while adopting several digital technologies and their impacts on
developing the business. These are very helpful in finding best solutions regarding uses of
methods as well as approaches for organisation success. Adopting digital technologies are very
beneficial for developing organisation in an well manner as there are wide scope of digitalisation
in every firm. It will help in providing proper informations regarding business by using best tools
so that employees will be aware through proper communication. This is also helpful in taking
better decisions regarding business development in the future.
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Illustration 1: SCOPE OF PROJECT
Cost: It generally concern with appropriate plan for budgeting which are required to
prepare the project or its completion. Team consider this for managing and controlling over the
costs which can be occur while operating business. There are various attributes requires for
planning process of project such as analyse data, prepare questionnaires, Gantt charts and
manage the several activities (Matten, 2016). Therefore, it is genuine for the firms that raise costs
during performing different functions so they have to required for making and managing the
budget by allocating available resources among several activities. It will support in minimising
cost or reduce expenses in an effective manner. Company has considered its budget amount
which is Euro 26000 for completing project.
Total forecasted budget 2017-18($)
Particulars
Implementing technology cost 15000
Promotional expense 5000
Advertisement expense 4500
Catalogues 1600
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Training charges 6500
Total cost 32600
Quality: This is also another important factor for every firm as they can made more
appropriate and quality products or services so that customers can be satisfied in effective
manner. In this necessary to consider various functions and activities with helps of conducting
research so that adequate data or information can be collected. It is an essential for making better
decisions regarding manufacturing of products or services so that company can create good
positions in the market. Unicorn Grocery can develop its business by undertaking digital
disruption which will support in solving major issues within the firm. Managerial team always
try to grab several opportunities for increasing revenues or growth, therefore Quality factors is
best tool to meet desired expectations.
Risk: Risk is a major factor that has direct impacts on the business operations as it
always create complexities as well as complications while formulating plan during run an
organisation. In this consider some of environmental issues or forces such as internal and
external which affects business at several ways (Eweje, 2012). It is the moral duty of project
manager that to examine any uncertainties or risks factors and identifies their impacts on the firm
so that better strategies can be formulated for the purpose of achieving set goals or targets in an
effective ways.
Time: Time management must be required for every business organisation. it depend on
the environmental changes and related with various factors that can be affects on the operations
as well as activities. Many of organisations focus on adopting and formulating effective
strategies regarding innovations and creations in more appropriate manner so that better products
or services can be produced. Unicorn Grocery generally consider the time factors for analysing
demand and current trend of market so that they can serve best to their customers for satisfying
particular needs or wants within limited time period. Manager set the time according to project
durations to accomplish target as it is very important to design better organisation structure in an
effective manner.
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Communications: This element play vital role in the organisation success, as with the
help of communication process, company can form better structure and achieve business goals in
efficient way. It is an essential for every business firm as there can be proper interaction among
employees and direct contacts which support in working within team. Unicorn Grocery has god
opportunity to create collaborations and coordination among team member. This is beneficial in
reducing conflicts or disputes in an effective manner (Turner, 2012). Better communication is
always bring success by creating positive environment and build healthy relationship so that
goals or objectiveness can be achieved . Unicorn grocery company can adopt best tools or
techniques by considering digital technologies in an appropriate way. It is depends on the
environmental changes which are occurring day by day. Therefore, company is using Email
method for communication process and provide proper informations to internal as well as
external customers regarding strategies and decisions. Email is best method which is cheap in
nature and provide fast informations in very effective manner.
Resource: This is also a key element to attain targets in each firm and make them more
effective. Project manager always focus on the available resources and make appropriate
strategies to use them for running organisation. It is main responsibility of the manager that to
utilise all resources in better manner by allocating these among several business activities and
functions for the purpose of getting more outcomes and meet with desired expectations. In the
planning process, it should be undertake. There are required at least 8 to 10 candidates who are
able to bring changes as well as digitalisation within the firm. It is the moral duty of manager to
form a team with talented persons and bring skilled workforce so that company can achieve its
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set goals or objectives with the help of experts team. They have to formulate proper strategies
and action plan for proper digitalisation within the firm.
P3 Work breakdown structure and Gantt chart to provide time frames and stages for completion
In this defined that every firm needs proper manpower and resources for completing task
in an appropriate way. Work breakdown structure is generally define as the classification and
divisions of tasks or work in various categories as per the group of people so that particular
objectives can be accomplished (Müller, 2012). Manager consider the group or team for dividing
work among them to achieve targets of Unicorn Grocery as it is an essential for developing the
business. Company assign tasks or allot these among people after analysing their skills, abilities
and specialisation which support in building good working environment and increase
productivity. It also define specific roles and duties of every individual within the firm so that
they can be able to perform task as per requirements.
Unicorn Grocery can maintain their workforce by considering work breakdown structure
which will support in task allocations and achieve set goals or targets. They are focusing on
adopting new ideas or technologies for creating effective goods or services to achieve
competitive advantages. They also have adopted the work breakdown structure for the purpose of
reducing workloads on managers and employees as well as it also helps in minimising stress or
work pressures over the workers.
Along with this, another important element is Gantt Chart which is very beneficial for
business firm as they can schedule their project reports with the help of proper illustration of this.
In this shows the beginning and ending points of times and also defined data or information
which will support in making better decisions in accurate time (Eweje, 2012). This chart
generally represent the allotment of job or task, time durations of completing projects. This is
generally known as blueprint of the official documentation that represent entire activities which
must be performed in the organisation for increasing profits or revenues. Planning completed on
6/27/18 and research got completed on 8/8/18. New system was installed on 9/27/18.
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TASK 2
P4 Small-scale research for meeting project aims or objectives
It is a small or mini research which has conducted by an investigator or researcher as they
gather data or analyse the particular study with the help of methodologies so that they can carry
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out the facts or findings for achieving project's aims or objectives. There are defined different
methods for collecting data which are as following;
Qualitative research: This is an effective and beneficial method which support in
evaluating people's behaviours towards digital disruption. They analyse the customers attitudes
by gathering data from their point of views, opinion, thoughts and reviews which are related with
adoptions new ideas and innovative technologies within the firm (Turner, 2012). In this consider
various methodologies for collecting data in more appropriate manner including interviews,
observations and questionnaire methods and many others. Therefore, they focus on effective
process so that information or knowledge can be get as per the topic which will support in
carrying out best possible outcomes.
Quantitative method: In this defines those kinds of research where data gathered in
numerical form, amount and quantity manner which are related with specific topic. These data
are very useful which enhance the production process of the firm. It is an essential for
organisation that they can collect data in statistics, logical outcomes, amount and numerical form
of particular study. Both methods are different form each other as qualitative focus on quality of
data and quantitative methods prefer numerical and logical data or information in the appropriate
manner.
Primary Research: This data collection method is very effective as it focus on collecting
fresh or adequate information which is related with any particular topic or study. In this included
various tools or techniques for gathering data or informations such as feedback analysis,
observation, interviews, questionnaire method and many more activities which are utilised by the
researcher (Müller, 2012). It is suitable for both method as qualitative and quantitative method
for the purpose of achieving best outcomes in an appropriate manner. Company can use this
method for measuring particular data or conduct effective research in the changing environment.
There are various methods involved in this which helps in gathering primary data such as:
 Observation: It is an effective method in which researcher gain informations by observing
people behaviours as what they think in adaptation of digital technologies within the firm.
Unicorn Grocery can observe their employees behaviours towards digitalisation.
 Interviews: This is another method that organisation can consider for proper information.
In this technique, researcher ask questions to candidates and gather data by getting
answers from them.
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 Questionnaire: It is a paper work which has formulated some major questions and give
some close ended or open ended questions where they get answers from people as per
their opinions.
Secondary research: This is also an important method which evaluate previous studies as
well as find the new results. In this consider the secondary resources for gathering information or
data for a particular project study. It included several aspects such as journals, books, internet,
Newspapers, websites, articles, video footage, audio tapes and dairies and many more sources.
This method is more suitable and appropriate for gathering data and examine informations.
Researcher and investigator consider this method or technique for gaining more knowledge and
get information for making work more efficient.
There are some secondary research methods such as:
 Internet: This is best method for gathering data as researcher can access internet for
information collection and analyse them so that better decisions can be made.
 Websites: It is most important aspect which helps in collecting number of information
with the help of websites of particular data. Unicorn grocery also can consider this for
getting secondary data in an appropriate manner.
Strategies: This is necessary for every firms that to formulate the proper strategies for developing
business in an effective manner. It generally formulated by top level of management for
achieving future growth and sustainability.
Tactics: It is related with strategies but this generally formulate by operational level employees
for achieving their daily basis targets .
 information as well as finding ways by which they can make work more efficient.
QUESTIONNAIRE
Name:
Age:
Gender:
Q.1. Is digitalization is found to be effectual for the development & growth of Unicorn
Grocery?
a) Yes
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b) No
Q.2. Which modern technologies is good as well as beneficial for the business?
a) Virtual Reality
b) Hybrid Wireless technologies
c) IT software and technology
Q.3. Which technology should be applied by Unicorn grocery in their commerce so as to
develop innovational merchandises ?
a) Electronic commerce
b) scan As you shop
c) Cloud computing
c) Drone delivery
Q.4. Is level of consumer contentment and quality of service would be increased after enforcing
digital disruption & transmutation of Unicorn grocery?
a) Agree
b) Disagree
Q.5. How referred organisation would cope up with modification or alteration of digital
disruption?
a) Managing IT service
b) Organising digital platform
Q.6. Which region is found to be more impacted by the utilisation of modern and contemporary
tools in Unicorn Grocery?
a) Organizational opposition
b) Shortage of clear vision
c) Big data and ineffectual investment
TASK 3
P5 Analyse research and data by tools or techniques
Theme:1
Q.1. Is digitalization is found to be effectual for the
development & growth of Unicorn Grocery?
Frequency
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a) Yes 68
b) No 22
a) Yes b) No
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
68
22
Frequency
Interpretation: From the above figure, it can be analyse that digitalisation and transformation is
best tool for every business in achieving growth and developing business in an effective manner
(Fisher, 2011). It will support in building good relations with customers and employees as 68 out
of 100 candidates are agreed with this and they believe that digital disruption is helpful for
expanding business.
Q.2. Which modern technologies is good as well as beneficial
for the business?
Frequency
a) Virtual Reality 25
b) IT software and technology 40
c) Hybrid Wireless technologies 35
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25
40
35
a) Virtual Reality
b) IT software and
technology
c) Hybrid Wireless
technologies
Interpretation: In this, it can be analyse that digital technologies have major impacts on the
changes in the business organisation. As several people have given their opinion and share views
regarding this that are shown above graph (Keller and Parameswaran, 2011). Unicorn Grocery
can consider this for developing their business in more appropriate manner.
Q.3. Which technology should be applied by Unicorn grocery
in their commerce so as to develop innovational merchandises
?
Frequency
a) Cloud techniques 20
b) Drone Delivery 10
c) E-commerce 60
d) scan As you shop 10
a) Cloud techniques
b) Drone Delivery
c) E-commerce
d) scan As you shop
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
20
10
60
10
Frequency
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Interpretation: It is stated that Unicorn Grocery has good opportunity to develop business by e-
commerce (Too and Weaver, 2014). This firm is focusing on adopting several digital forms such
as cloud computing, internal systems as well as information technology which are major aspects
of the digitalisation.
Q.4. Is level of consumer contentment and quality of service
would be increased after enforcing digital disruption &
transmutation of Unicorn grocery?
Frequency
a) Agree 65
b) Disagree 35
65
35
a) Agree
b) Disagree
Interpretation: In the modern era, digital technologies are essential which support in achieving
growth and competitive advantages in an effective manner (Trevino, 2016). Unicorn Grocery has
good reputation as they provide better goods or services to the customers. 35 out of 100 do not
agree with digitalisation that it will bring growth.
Q. 5 How referred organisation would cope up with
modification or alteration of digital disruption?
Frequency
a) Organising digital platform 50
b) Managing IT service 50
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a) Organising digital platform
b) Managing IT service
0 102030405060
50
50
Frequency
Interpretation: In this defined that organisation can manage entire operations and activities with
the help of appropriate solutions (Nelson, 2016). It support in finding better solutions of defining
problems and bring innovation or creation within the firm. 50 out of 100 people agree with
digital organisation or advance technologies so that issues can be resolved.
Q.6. Which region is found to be more impacted by the
utilisation of modern and contemporary tools in Unicorn
Grocery?
Frequency
a) Big data and ineffective leveraging 50
b) Dearth of clear vision 20
c) Organisational resistance 30
50
20
30
a) Big data and ineffect-
ive leveraging
b) Dearth of clear vision
c) Organisational res-
istance
Interpretation: It is very helpful for the business in tracing several issues or barriers that can be
occurred while running the business (Yuan and Bao, 2011). Unicorn Grocery can consider the
digital technologies and transformation for developing the business and achieve competitive
advantages in an more appropriate way
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P6 Recommendation
Digitalisation is the best effective and suitable tool which help to the organisation in
bringing new ideas or innovation for producing particular goods or services so that they can be
developed. Digital disruption and technologies is beneficial for the company to face several
changes or challenges within the environment. It provide best solution for developing or running
firm so that growth can be achieved. It depends on the company that how they are accepting and
managing various problems or issues for finding ultimate solutions. In this required proper
utilisation of available resources and focus on adaptions several challenges for the purpose of
grab opportunities as Unicorn Grocery which is retail firm and needed proper solutions of any
critical problems (Verbeke, 2011). It can be possible through better digital distortion for
resolving issues as well as face challenges in more effectively. In this included important major
aspects such as internet and mobility which are pillar of digital disruption. Therefore, Unicorn
Grocery has opportunity to maintain and manage entire business operations by considering the
proper administration as well as IT services within the firm. It is directly related with
digitalisation. Company should undertake the new technologies and bring innovation for
generating more revenues and profits. This will support in enhancing productivity and growth
within the firm so that sustainability can be achieved. There are some recommendation for
Unicorn Grocery for the purpose of business development such as;
 This firm have to conduct learning sessions and provide training to employees so that
they can understand better regarding advanced technologies and will ready to accept
major changes in the business organisation (Zhao, 2012). It will support in provide
directions, enhance skills, abilities and knowledge of employees so that they will
perform in well mannered and achieve set goals or objectives.
 Organisation has requires to consider various programs and organise events such as live
sessions, seminar and conferences for the purpose of providing accurate informations to
the workers and make learn them how to adopt and use digital technology for improving
the quality of products and services.
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TASK 4
P7 Reflection
After the evaluation of entire activities of project, it can be founded that digital
transformation is very necessary in the modern businesses as it support in making work more
easy and cost effective in an appropriate manner. This process is also less time consuming that
can be complete the particular task or work in limited time period. Company is able to manage
and maintain the business operations with help of digital disruption for achieving its set goals or
objectives. Without advanced technologies, company may have to face several problems such as
big data leverage, hacking and other challenges. It must be required for business firm that cope
up with number of challenges in more carefully to develop business.
In the theoretical part of the project report, I have learned that how business can be made
successful by developing the report. This study teach me various things as I have leaned
numerous things regarding making systematised as well as more efficient by analysing the
proper research of project. I gathered more information and gain appropriate knowledges about
the Digital Disruption and technologies. This report also helped me that how to apply Gantt
chart, computer software applications and interpretation to develop the particular research
project. It also helped me in gathering information or data by books, journals and other
documentations etc.
CONCLUSION
From the above report, it has been concluded that every firm requires to adopt new
technologies and digital advancement for the purpose of managing issues or conflicts in well
manner. It can be seen that number of companies are facing several issues or trouble due to lack
of transformation and digital disruption that must be required for resolving issues or problems in
an appropriate manner. Therefore, Unicorn Grocery is focusing on coping up with several
situations with the helps of computer applications or software, Artificial Intelligence and
administration procedures which support in reducing number of problems or issues.
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REFRENCES
Books and Journals
Bakker, R. M. and et. al., 2011. Managing the project learning paradox: A set-theoretic approach
toward project knowledge transfer. International journal of project management. 29(5).
pp.494-503.
Bakker, R. M. and et. al., 2011. Managing the project learning paradox: A set-theoretic approach
toward project knowledge transfer. International journal of project management. 29(5).
pp.494-503.
Crane, A. and Matten, D., 2016. Business ethics: Managing corporate citizenship and
sustainability in the age of globalization. Oxford University Press.
Crane, A. and Matten, D., 2016. Business ethics: Managing corporate citizenship and
sustainability in the age of globalization. Oxford University Press.
Eweje, J., Turner, R. and Müller, R., 2012. Maximizing strategic value from megaprojects: The
influence of information-feed on decision-making by the project manager. International
Journal of Project Management. 30(6). pp.639-651.
Eweje, J., Turner, R. and Müller, R., 2012. Maximizing strategic value from megaprojects: The
influence of information-feed on decision-making by the project manager. International
Journal of Project Management. 30(6). pp.639-651.
Fisher, E., 2011. What practitioners consider to be the skills and behaviours of an effective
people project manager. International Journal of Project Management. 29(8). pp.994-
1002.
Keller, K. L., Parameswaran, M. G. and Jacob, I., 2011. Strategic brand management: Building,
measuring, and managing brand equity. Pearson Education India.
Too, E. G. and Weaver, P., 2014. The management of project management: A conceptual
framework for project governance. International Journal of Project Management. 32(8).
pp.1382-1394.
Trevino, L. K. and Nelson, K. A., 2016. Managing business ethics: Straight talk about how to do
it right. John Wiley & Sons.
Yuan, W., Bao, Y. and Verbeke, A., 2011. Integrating CSR initiatives in business: An organizing
framework. Journal of Business Ethics. 101(1). pp.75-92.
Zhao, M., 2012. CSR-based political legitimacy strategy: Managing the state by doing good in
China and Russia. Journal of Business Ethics. 111(4). pp.439-460.
Online
Work Breakdown Structure (WBS).2017. [Online]. Available through
:<http://www.workbreakdownstructure.com/ >.
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