Managing Human Resources: Performance Management Models and Approaches

This report discusses performance management models and approaches in managing human resources. It evaluates the benefits and drawbacks of different models and explores how Sainsbury handles remote working through compliance with regulations. The report emphasizes the role of line managers in managing remote teams and achieving high levels of performance.

MANAGING HUMAN
RESOURCES

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................3
Defining and analysing Performance Management Model (PMM) and benefits and drawbacks
.....................................................................................................................................................3
Identifying theories and approaches to drive higher level of performance and outlining
Sainsbury approach for handling remote working by line manager through compliance with
regulations...................................................................................................................................7
3.................................................................................................................................................10
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................11
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................13

INTRODUCTION
Human resource management is strategic approach that is utilized by organization for
effective recruiting, retaining and maintaining employees. In modern scenario competition has
increased which heavily influences business practices. To cooperative unforeseen changes it
becomes essential for business to develop proper approach regarding managing its subordinates
in turn competitive advantages can be achieved. The chosen company for present report is
Sainsbury which the largest supermarket chain of United kingdom. It deals in clothing, groceries,
electronic items and many more. The present case study will comprise performance management
models evaluation along with advantages & disadvantage. Case study will give emphasis on
theories, practices and approach for managing and obtaining high level of performance. Line
manager role in managing remote team while keeping consideration with health, safety, legal
compliance. It will represent example of an organization adhering these norms for deriving
higher performance level.
MAIN BODY
Defining and analysing Performance Management Model (PMM) and benefits and drawbacks
PM is corporate tool utilized by organization for developing strategic approach for
managing and controlling employees. Organisation can use these methods for obtaining desire
level of employees potential for achieving companywide objectives. It includes 360 degree
feedback, goals tracking, performance ranking, grading, competency based & behaviour
evaluation, management by objectives, etc. It proved benefits to both employer and employee
which aids to grab several opportunities for development.
Management by Objectives
It is crucial model that HR of company can utilized for deriving effective business
outcome. This aims to improve employees performance by clarifying business goals, objectives,
mission and vision, etc. Firm can encourage employees to participate in decision-making process
so that common understanding and mutual consent may be obtained (DeNisi and Murphy, K. R.,
2017). There are several advantages and disadvantages that employee and employee both can get
are as follows:
Benefits Drawbacks

 It motivates employees by encouraging
their participation which provides
better working scenario.
 This results in excessive paperwork
which take in more time.
 This improves communication method
which gives clarity to subordinate in
turn better results can be obtained.
 Managers attention is more on
assigning work rather than
collaborating them.
 MBO makes employees feel like
important part of organization which
provides job satisfaction, etc.
 It is sometimes considered as
conflicting as well punishment
approach which declines enthusiasm of
employees
360 degree Feedback
It is the process that collects information from supervisor, other subordinates, etc. for
managing employees of system (6 Practical Performance Methods for the Modern Workforce, 2021). HR
manager gather data from all aspects regarding performance of employees in turn identification
of lacking areas can be found (Edgeman, 2019). This approach comprises multi source review,
etc. Business can develop this approach in company for making modification in HR practices so
that better compatibility can be derived. It severs benefits and drawbacks to organization and
subordinates as whole.
Advantages Disadvantages
 This approach is very useful in
identifying training gaps so that better
programs can be established.
 Company’s HR practices can be miss
perceived by employees that creates
distrust among subordinates.
 Employees of firm can get awareness
about their strengths and weaknesses
 Biased performance review de
motivates employees for giving full
potential.
 Business can obtain transparency in
business which improves productivity
and work relationships
 It is very long process which consumes
time that discourages HR as desired
outcome can not be achieved soon.

Assessment Centre Method
The process is widely used in large multinational organization for developing ethical
working environment. It enables employees to get clear picture regarding perception of other for
their performance. Firm can use this for getting transparency among employees so that
subordinate relation can be attained (Maher, Fakhar and Karimi, 2018). Company and staff both
get impacted through this mode of business activity by human resource management.
Benefits Drawbacks
 Enterprise can get efficiency in
thinking capability which improves
knowledge participants of company
 Firm need to spend more financial
resources for conducting it as compared
to other models.
 It can be modified according to roles,
competencies and business
requirements.
 Highly qualified experienced HR
managers are required for establishing
proper feedback
 Organization becomes able to get
employees insights such as problem
solving skill, attitude, ethics, tolerance,
etc.
 Company need to spend more time for
accurate conducting
Behaviourally Anchored Rating scale (BARS)
Business can get both quantitative and qualitative benefits in performance management
process. BARS are utilized by organization for comparing actual efforts of subordinates with
estimated standard example (Spinner and et.al., 2017). The common behaviour of employees of
daily working is compared for managing their workplace behaviour. It severs numerous
opportunity to both employees and Sainsbury for modifying actual efforts with standards.
Merits Demerits
 Firm can derive clear standards,
improved feedback and consistent
evaluation that assures better
performance of employees
 Considerable time is taken to develop
the specific approach in organization.

 It ensures fairness throughout the whole
process by removing chances of biases.
 For different jobs varied forms are
implemented which creates confusion
among subordinates.
 This approach removes irrelevant
elements which creates more specific,
concrete and observational behaviour.
 High maintenance and unsatisfactory
performance related model is creates
complexity.
Psychological Approach for PM
It is frequently used by this structure that requires creativity for achieving its
organizational objectives. This method focuses on determining hidden potential of employees by
giving centring on attaining future performance. In addition to this, cognitive, interpersonal,
leadership, personality and traits skills, etc. can be derived. There are various competitive
advantages that business can get through this are as follows:
Pros Cons
 It provides assistance to organization to
get information regarding employees
attitude, perception ability regarding
particular jobs.
 This model is sometimes formulated
unreliable working environment.
 Psychological approach gives
opportunity to firm to derive objectives
 Unethical practices of subordinates can
spoil the end outcome which disrupts
the smooth functioning.
 This method has little chances of biases
which motivates staff to give full
working capacity.
 It is not based on the accuracy of test
but relies on ability of HR who proceed
this.
Human resource Cost accounting method
There are different types of organisational nature which has varying working culture. The
expenditure of firm plays crucial role in examining cost incurred for continuing operations
activities. It is obtained by comparing cost for having a subordinates and monetary benefit
company ascertained. On the basis of this, services value, quality, interpersonal relationship,

memory power all can be determined. Company and its subordinates both can derive various
benefits through this which are mentioned below:
Advantages Disadvantages
 Firm can ascertain effective value and
cost getting from specific employees
 Employees performance evaluation
does not have particular standard which
interrupts business process
 It aids business to evaluate staff
performance has on the bottom line.
 Uncertainty about continuance of staff
 This provides assistance in getting
proper evaluation of suitable human
resource policy.
 Variety of expenditure is required for
implementation of this process.
Identifying theories and approaches to drive higher level of performance and outlining Sainsbury
approach for handling remote working by line manager through compliance with
regulations
Every organization has objective to achieve its objectives in effective and efficient
manner. To obtain this, company's line manager plays crucial role in forming various strategies
and approaches in turn desirable outcome can be derived. High performance is the biggest aim
that business wants to get for sustainable development and growth. There are several approaches
established by HR of company for accomplishing its goals. Line manager focuses on creating
effective working culture for improvement of current performance outcome.
To get quality performance firm pay attention on highly component, engaged, well
qualified working environment for staff. In addition to this, organization can acquire competitive
advantages which can enhance organizational overall performance. The approaches that can be
utilized by enterprise are as follows:
Ensuring employee security
It is widely used approach by multinational organization for ensuring that employees are
feeling safe in business. Providing job security to subordinates aids staff to feel free and give
their full potential. It plays important role in contributing towards loyalty, engagement so in turn
high trust partnership can created among employees. Staff security policy demonstrate ethical

working culture within business that motivates workers to complete specified task by optimizing
skills, knowledge and practices.
Selective Hiring
Another method for getting high performance from employees comprise creating
effective recruiting policies so that critical skills, attributes and traits can be identified at initial
stage. It saves times, efforts and resources of Sainsbury which it needs to incur for providing
training and developments. In addition to this, to attain desire working pattern of employees
spend money on coaching relevant skills. Selective recruitment ensures right candidate at
appropriate positing for completing specified task. HRM of organisation adopts this strategy for
getting right candidate to reach competitive position in industry.
Decentralized decision-making
Firm uses this for clarifying goals, vision, mission and objectives which creates effective
working scenario (Moosmann, 2020.). The delegation of authority for making suitable level
decision provides feasibility and flexibility in accomplishing specified task. Incorporating well-
trained and self managed employees permits worker to attain optimum firm results. It enhances
effectiveness, initiative, accountability, etc. within business. Establishing collaborative working
team enhances accountability at organizational level, reinforces values, personal ownership at all
extent. It ultimately results in high performance of employees.
High result based compensation
Developing effectual compensation system provides employer to structure which
promotes commitment to contribute and increase awareness to enhance profitability. It
formulates contingent working culture for fair and high performance culture within the business.
It provides enthusiasm to subordinate that they will be paid according to proper compensation
system. With respect to this, particular approach assist business to get commitment and high
quality performance. Companies give clarity to employees regarding measuring element which
makes staff to know transparent factor by communicating which can enhance their remuneration.
Training by commitment
High performance can be attained by providing training by giving emphasis on control
oriented management system. Training staff resolves the half of problem as it gives opportunity
to subordinate in obtaining relevant attributes. In addition to this, encourage them to complete
their task in qualitative manner. Identifying, analysing and evaluating actual performance with

standard helps human resource management for knowing lacking area so that applicable
knowledge can be given to employees. High performance working system aids firm to determine
requirement and invest on personal development of workers. Once subordinates gets chance for
their personal development is encouraging employees to give full potential.
Sharing key information
Communication is key to success so it becomes essential for company for providing all
crucial information to worker. If employees are unaware about changes made in business it can
lead to duplication of work. To get task completed on time company should implement proper
communicating system for getting various benefits. Strategic, financial, performance data should
be conveyed to achieve mission & vision. There are different levels in business that need suitable
information regarding operational activity of organisation which can contribute towards success.
Business need to integrate all this information for the purpose of derive qualitative performance.
Business approach for managing remote working
In competitive working scenario it has become essential for organization to get
competitive advantages that can not only increase productivity but also enhance engagement of
employees. In addition to this, enterprise’s Line Manager (LM) plays crucial role in managing,
monitoring and evaluating performance of collaborative working.
There are various roles that LM plays for managing remote working environment. The
most important role in line manager does in making team working effective is adopting
appropriate leadership style. Setting suitable boundaries to derive adequate performance level
aids business to get ethical working culture. Making sure that employees are not merging their
personal life issues with professional task so that clear and concise efforts can be derived.
Line manager need to communicate essential details with employees so to attain higher
performance from subordinate. There are several situations in remote working where
requirement of accurate information is important. Unavailability or lack of data can create
duplication or unnecessary contribution which tend to reduce the implementation regarding right
decision. In remote type working carrying out business activity becomes difficult without proper
delegation of authority and responsibility. Line manager consider performance management
most key driver for achieving success in market. Encouraging diversity motivates employee to
do task in creative manner so that better profitability and productivity can be obtained. There are

several appraisal methods which appreciates employees innovative skill as it helps business to
derive competitive advantages.
Scandals have been established for continuing business operation so that longer
sustainability can achieved. Business need to adhere with the policies made for safety, security,
legal and well-being compliance consideration (Ostermeier, Davis and Pavur, 2020). Company
need to make sure that its way of operating business activities is not bothering metal, physical
state of employee. In digital working platform personal touch with subordinates becomes lower
than physical scenario. Moreover, it becomes crucial for business to give limited work pressure
so that their eyes, metal state body pain can be avoided. In excess pressure staff gets demotivate
to share their whole related capabilities.
Legal authorities have made some applicable legislation that line manager need to
consider like labour health safety, job security, working hours & day, culture, non harassment,
etc. It plays important component while managing employees remote team (Gürlek and Uygur,
2021). LM should respect the working method, timing and other aspect while dealing with any
subordinate. Health safety measures need to compliance so that better working culture can
encourage staff to utilize attributes and giving expected outcome.
The basic responsibility of line manner to assure that proper working scenario has been
created. It allows employees to get better facility for enhancing their efforts and completing task
with ease. There are several legal, environmental and social rules that business need to acquire
for not indulging into any legal issues. Several beliefs, values, ethics influence employees
working style and ability therefore it is duty of line manner to assure that workers are positively
influence. The leadership quality also matter while setting particular standard that is expected to
accomplish which need to be ethical so its matching with establishes standards.
Applying appropriate business approach for establishing remote working environment
plays important role in contributing success. Line manager need to comply with all mentioned
responsibilities so that it can meet protocols made by legal, health and social authorities for
getting higher performance.
3.
After the Covid-19, Sainsbury had increased the home delivery of products in UK
market. This leads to increase in online delivery and manage all things through software only.
Major of work is through delivery and maintain online store to provide all goods and service to

customers from their houses itself. The company more focus on giving online work to their
major of employees, as it save huge cost of company (O'Connor and et.al., 2020). The employees
expenses are also reduces due to work from home. Sainsbury had provided all relevant facilities
to its employee to work from home. All employees are provided with laptops and network to
work from home. Only store employees are working in stores to maintain the goods properly at
store and work to complete orders coming from customers through their website and other online
methods. All administration employees and technical team are working through their home and
maintain the server and network of company through their individual houses. They all provided
with related technical tools to avoid problems that affect company operation.
The remote working models is adapted by company that help to save huge amount of cost
for company. Only the stores are working and rest offices are being evacuated due to lock down.
Employees are working through their places which also leads to increase in efficiency of
performance. Sainsbury had faced certain difficulties in their operation level where
transportation and managing stock find difficult for employees. Although, company then used
latest software where stocks are being maintain quite effectively. Employee are quite satisfied at
initial level of remote working, but this can't work for longer run, employees are getting
frustrated and demotivate towards work (Anderson and Kelliher, 2020). To maintain the
performance of employee company had taken certain steps to increase the efficiency and
performance during remote working. The management had started taking session in between
work and activities are conducted by company through online that distract employee for
frustration and demotivation.
Sainsbury's management had provided with all necessary requirements to employees
which help them to work in same manner as before. The needs are being asked by management,
new equipment are set up for employees to make work easy for employee, flexible working
hours are also created by company according to employee, training sessions are taken by
company for the use of technical system at home and to known top perform their individual
duties and responsibilities. Manager is regular in touch with employee to resolve the quires of
employee, team meeting are conducted to know the ultimate outcomes of work. The remote
working for employee are being designed in a manner that fits employee to work and can easily
performance without any difficulties and problems faced by them. The transportation system is
working purely on online basis, where each employee is tracked by company to know the

deliveries (Prasad, Vaidya and Mangipudi, 2020). The technical team is provided all software
like cloud service and software tools which help to maintain the performance of employees and
effective working are being made by each employee.
CONCLUSION
From the above report it can be concluded that human resource management is very
essential for meeting business changing requirements. The present report has given emphasis on
performance management model in context of Sainsbury. It comprises 360 degree feedback,
management by objectives, behaviourally anchored rating scale, s assessment centre method, etc.
It helps business to identify lacking skills, attributes and knowledge through different
implementation style which can be improved through mentioned approaches. In addition to this,
the current case study has identified and evaluated suitable theoretical approaches which can be
utilized by business for achieving higher employees' performance. It involves employee security,
decentralized decision-making, effective communication, high result based compensation,
selective hiring, etc. Furthermore, current report provide emphasis on approaches that Sainsbury
utilized for managing home working culture of employees. In addition, Sainsbury provides
motivating factors such as online sessions, training and development so that encouragement can
be gained by employees for optimizing skills, knowledge, etc.

REFERENCES
Books and Journals
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Cham.
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and employee service performance: A test of serial mediation and moderation
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budget planning models and performance. Journal of Health Management &
Informatics. 5(1). pp.16-20.
Moosmann, A. L., 2020. Performance Measurement and Management for Recurring Revenue
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Prasad, K.D.V., Vaidya, R.W. and Mangipudi, M.R., 2020. Effect of Occupational Stress and
Remote Working on Psychological Wellbeing of Employees: An Empirical Study
during Covid-19 Pandemic with Reference to Information Technology Industry around
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Online
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