Managing Knowledge in Business Management with ICT and HRM Practices

This article discusses the role of ICT and HRM practices in managing knowledge in business management. It explores the differences between data, information, and knowledge creation processes. It also covers initiatives to increase knowledge sharing within the organization. The article is relevant to the subject of Business Management and covers course code and college/university if mentioned.

Managing Knowledge

Table of Contents
1. Discuss the different types of knowledge and the role of ICT in the everyday life of the
company. Critically discuss how a manager can effectively transform data and information
into effective knowledge with the use of new technologies. For a complete answer, you should
explain the differences between data, information and knowledge creation processes...............3
2. Discuss the importance of HRM practices and their contribution to knowledge
management internal processes. What kind of initiatives need to be implemented to increase
knowledge sharing within the organization.................................................................................6
3.Consider which category of culture, as defined by Cameron and Quinn (2006), is most
appropriate to the company. In your analysis, you should explain the characteristics of
organizational culture that are most likely to facilitate knowledge management......................10

1. Discuss the different types of knowledge and the role of ICT in the everyday life of the
company. Critically discuss how a manager can effectively transform data and
information into effective knowledge with the use of new technologies. For a complete
answer, you should explain the differences between data, information and knowledge
creation processes.
Transactional operations involving municipal, state, or national government are referred to as
e-governance activities via ICT. ICT helps to accelerate the sharing of knowledge among
government and citizens while also changing the way they communicate. ICT has a significant
impact on our day-to-day life. Because it can be utilized as a learning and education medium, as
well as a mass communication channels for supporting and advocating on realistic and vital
topics such as healthcare and social problems, it can contribute to human existence. The business
can use ICT to enable doing company with clients, suppliers, and distributors easier. It is also
crucial in our day-to-day existence. Lack of sufficient data at the correct time will result in low
efficiency, poor research integrity, and time wasted pursuing information and even conducting
research that has already been done by others or in other nations. ICT and our daily needs are
now inextricably linked. ICT is the one of the foundations of economic growth that can support
the Country in order to acquire more competitive advantages. This is the mood that can be
utilised as a learning as well as education medium and also utilized as a mass communication
medium in order to promoting and campaigning on the different kind of topics and on the
practical topics like health and social issues. It helps the country as well as individual to improve
the quality of the human existence. Apart from this, it gives Appropriate and huge understanding
so that the individual can get the information about obtaining and accessing information. ICT is
the concept which becomes very important part of the everyday life a different kind of
individual. It improve As well as in Hinsdale important in the individual lives and it is expected
that the Springville going to continue and become a appropriate requirement for the individuals
personal lives as well as work, social. The utilization of ICT in the education a different kind of
values in learning and teaching programs and also enhance the effectiveness of the learning by
involving a dimension to the learning that was not available previously. This is the concept
which also plays an important role and significant motivational factors for the students in order
to become more collaborative and to get more information about the collaborative learning’s.
Our current societal initiatives to educate present and future citizens about the useful knowledge

and skills and also about the computing and telecommunications equipment, software that
controls them, programs that operate on them, and platforms that are constructed with them are
known as information and communication technologies (ICT).In truth, we live in a digital world
that is continuously changing. From commuting to socialising, educating to playing, ICT has an
influence on practically every area of our life. Young people's communication, networking,
seeking aid, accessing information, and learning have all changed as a result of the digital age.
We must acknowledge that young people are now a large online population, with access via a
range of devices including computers, television, and mobile phones.
A information system assists a company in making choices, as well as coordinating and
analysing data. The use of the system is supported and facilitated by information technology.
This could, for example, be an interface that allows users to enter data into a corporate MIS
system. As a manager and operating in British Airways it is the responsibility to effectively and
efficiently transform the data and information into the effective knowledge by using different
kind of technologies and tools. The manager of British Airways organization using the travel and
analysis portfolio analysis system so that they can assist the client in order to making a
authorised decision. This matter helped the managers to get the information in the graphical
tabular form about the client so that they can become more capable to exercise their information
through manual analysis. Apart from this the managers also using multiple database plus analysis
lake sales information system so that they can double up the sales information system that are
quite similar. Apart from this by using that the organization as well as the Manager of the
organization becomes capable to analyze their transaction with external liberties proprietary
databases and models. Apart from those in order to transform the data and the information in an
appropriate manner the manager of the organization is using sophisticated information system
that simplifies the procedure in order to finding the appropriate data in an effective manner.
Business information system is the concept that support the manager to eases the process so that
they can take and make a fact of the season and make the procedure more easier in order to
deliver the appropriate information and also help them to take better decision instantly. Apart
from this the manager of the British Airways is using measures of effectiveness system so that
they can assess the modification in the system behavior and also assess the modification in the
capabilities or in the operational environment that is tied to evaluating the attainment of an end
state. In addition to this in order to measure defectiveness of the particular pressures in the

strategies which are adopted by the company the organization is developing a scoreboard and
measuring a compliance. It is very important for them to identify that whether their team is
complying with the appropriate steps in their core procedure and how often is a stem formed in
order to measure the frequency of the particular procedure. These all are the strategies and
technologies that support the organization to become more effective in the marketplace. The
major would order strategy that is adopted by the company as well as the manager is
management information system because it supports the organization to become more
competitive in the market place. It helps them to analyze that what is working well and what is
not. This kind of reports give manager the information and the data that they require to make the
appropriate this season and also support them to improve the performance of their workers And
also improve the performance of the business. Management information system brings more
efficiency for the organization because it plays an important role in the company it create
positive impacts on the organization activities and also creating facts on the functions.
Management information system also supports the organization to managing the marketing
department financing department so that they can become more effective and get more
opportunities. In order to get the appropriate information and collect the appropriate data, it is
very important for the company and for their managers to identify the differences between data,
information, and knowledge. The differences among data, information and knowledge are below
mentioned:
Data Information Knowledge
1. In different fields, data
is interpreted
differently. Data is, at
its most basic level, a
collection of symbols
and letters whose
meaning is revealed
only when they are
placed in context. Data
By integrating data into a
framework, data generates
information at a higher level.
Information is knowledge about
events or people.
As a result, knowledge refers to
the information that has been
gathered about a specific fact or
person. Knowing what is going
on allows you to make informed
decisions and solve challenges.
As a result, people's thoughts and
acts are influenced by their
knowledge. Machines can also

is generated by
observing and
measuring things. Data
is usually sent,
received, and
processed by
machines. Because
information is created
from data, there is
often a
misunderstanding
between the two.
Furthermore, data is
frequently
misinterpreted as facts
in the context of a
familiar form, and is
thus viewed as data.
make choices based on
information-generated new
knowledge. It is essential to
apply data in order to obtain
knowledge.
This differences help and support the manager to achieve their goals and objectives and
develop the appropriate plan so that they can improve their efficiency and effectiveness.
2. Discuss the importance of HRM practices and their contribution to knowledge
management internal processes. What kind of initiatives need to be implemented to
increase knowledge sharing within the organization.
Human resources management is it a strategy approach or is it a strategy that is very
effective and very efficient for the management of the individual in the organization. Human
Resources management system support the organization to gain more competitive advantages
and also support the company to achieve their goals and objectives. Human resources
management is the kind of a strategy that is formulate to maximise workers performance in the
organization so that the company can achieve their targets and get more competitive advantages.
There are different kind of role of human resources management in the organization. In context

of British Airways organization the companies having very appropriate human resources
management team that support the organization to employing people and trained them so that
they can improve their capabilities. Apart from this they also provide different kind of
capabilities like compensating them developing and formulating policies which is associated to
the workplace and also formulate a strategy so that they can retain more talented people in the
organization. There are five major areas of human resources management that is talent
management talent management team is the concept that covers a lot of ground and helps the
organization to improve the motivation and performance of the workers. Compensation and
benefits is the major area that also helps organization to motivate and do give a position to their
employees so that they can feel more valuable in the organization. Training and Development
areas Support the organization to improve their capabilities as well as skills of the workers so
that they can work in an appropriate manner in order to overcome the barriers and bring more
opportunities. Hr compliances and workplace safety Is there another major areas that support the
organization to formulate the strategies and policies according to the workplace safety as well as
according to the rules and employs safety. There are different kinds of HRM practices that are
adopted by the British Airways and in the British Airways company there is a huge importance
of the human resources management practices that support the organization to Contribute into
knowledge management internal procedure. Human resources practices is very important for the
organization because it provides different kind of benefits to the organization and also allow
workers to find an access the app repeat data as well as information they are required without the
assistance of human resources. This is very important in context of practical business perspective
because in the organization not every focus should be capable to see all of the organization
available HR document and policies. So this kind of knowledge management in human resources
management helps them to get the appropriate information and achieve their goals and
objectives. Human resources management make an important contribution towards the
knowledge management because knowledge is shared among the individual so it helps the
organization As well as in order to improve their capabilities by sharing the information.
Knowledge in the management human resources management system is all about storing and
sharing the appropriate collective understanding in order to improve the capabilities and
expertise within a company regarding the procedure techniques and operations.

There are different kind of things that explain about the importance of HR knowledge
management and which are mentioned below:
Role-Based Access Control and Customizable Permissions:
A major and affective advantages of human services knowledge Management is it allow
the workers to find an access the appropriate information they are required without the assistance
of human resources management team. This is strategy also makes the human resources
Management system easier for the focus in order to use by quickly servicing exactly the
information which are required by them.
Improve on boarding new employees:
It also supports the organization to improve the on boarding of the new workers in the
organization. It helps the organization as well as human resources management team Make it
easier in order to add the new information and data and update interesting information is the
required. Apart from this it also provide the workers a simple be in order to access the data the
required at any time.
Spend less time recreating existing knowledge
It also support the organization as well as HR knowledge management team to formulate
the strategies and make it easy for the teams in order to identify that exactly would exist and
what really required to be created in the particular procedure. Apart from this, thus also support
the organization to collect the information in an appropriate manner and in an instant way so that
they can get effective information in an easier manner without having to wait on human resource
management team.
Make informed Decision Faster
Libraries were not the only thing that HR knowledge management systems do. When it is
used to its greatest extent, it could provide invaluable information on the health of a business and
potential threats. Teams would be able to keep track of which papers or policies need to be
updated if they have access to Last Updated dates. Metrics like which departments visited the
knowledge management system the most (or least) as well as which documents were read the

most of us can help HR teams figure out where more training or clarification is needed. Using a
knowledge program that enables employees to discuss or ask for an explanation within the same
portal accelerates the HR information process and can provide teams with visibility into lacking
or ambiguous information.
There are different kind of strategies which are required for implementing and improving a
existing knowledge information system and that are below mentioned:
2. It is very important for the organization to establish golden objectives in order to describe
a procedure that establishes better outcomes for the organization initiatives. This kind of
step will require analyzing and documenting the business problems and videos that need
solutions and the drivers that explain about the implementation of knowledge
management. Knowledge management system helps the organization to improve the
customer experience and also improve the employees on boarding and taking advantages
of artificial intelligence and many more. Apart from this it also helps the organization to
achieve with the new knowledge management equipment so that they can improve their
capabilities.
3. Formulate and develop a change management strategy is also very beneficial for the
organization. In order to successfully implementing a appropriate new knowledge
management system needed a modification within the organization policies and norms.
So it is very important for the company to develop a gene management strategy so that
their workers become capable to adapt the way they capture and share the knowledge.
For this, it is very important for the company to reach out to their employees at all levels
across the different factors in department that will help them to motivate and encourage
Knowledge sharing behaviours and also provide valuable feedback towards the
Implementation team.
4. Determine the procedure in order to establish a foundation helps the organization to
finalize prior to actually implementing. Apart from this it also helps the organization to
get appropriate and strong understanding about HR knowledge is created and categorises
and share with the organization in order to get more positive outcomes.
5. Apart from this it is very important for the company to include leadership styles in the
organization in order to achieve their goals and objectives and it measuring the

performance of the workers so that they can improve their capabilities and engage more
employees in the strategy. Apart from this it is very important for the cup need to
establish their core capabilities and build an implementation roadmap so that they can
maintain the new knowledge management tool and illustrate about the fees and scope of
the project that include different kind of keys milestone.
6. After that the organization are ready to implement the strategies that establish your
foundation and include leadership style so that they can address their videos and assess
effectiveness in order to make continuous improvement and achieve their goals and
objectives
3.Consider which category of culture, as defined by Cameron and Quinn (2006), is most
appropriate to the company. In your analysis, you should explain the characteristics of
organizational culture that are most likely to facilitate knowledge management.
A four-box culture model developed by Robert Quinn and Kim Cameron is used to
categorise corporate cultures. The vertical axis determines whether an organization is more
concentrated on durability or adaptability, while the horizontal axis determines whether the
organization is more inwardly or outwardly focused. Every company has a unique blend of these
four organizational culture types, with one culture often taking precedence. The larger the
company, the more likely it is that it will have multiple cultures. This could be good to the
company, but it could also be disadvantageous or difficult to maintain a unified culture in a
regionally and globally distributed firm. The four organizational cultures of Cameron and Quin
are below mentioned:
Adhocracy culture:
The phrases 'ad hoc' and 'bureaucracy' are combined to form Adhocracy. As a result,
businesses with an autocratic leadership are more adaptable and less constrained by bureaucratic
policies and processes. The focus is on continuous advancement, the speed is usually very fast,
and the established order, even if it is working, will be questioned. Most start-ups and tech
businesses, such as Apple, Google, and Face book, are motivated by an adherent culture because
it allows them to be creative. This is important to their brand and performance in an ever-
changing and highly competitive market. It may be difficult to create an authentic adhocracy

culture that simultaneously contains a high-risk strategic plan, based on industry. Workers can
discuss significant ideas that can assist boost productivity by establishing strategy and
brainstorming sessions. Successful ideas are rewarded, which motivates teams to look outside the
box as well.
Clan Culture:
A clan is a group of closely connected families or people who have a common interest. In
nonhierarchical enterprises conducted by small or family-owned businesses, clan cultures are
prevalent. Employees are rewarded on all levels, and the working environment is encouraging.
This culture aims to promote collaboration by ensuring that all employees are treated fairly. They
are at ease offering open and honest criticism. As talents and ideas are passed down from
generation to generation, there may be a strong emphasis on mentorship and apprenticeship, in
addition to teamwork. In this culture, employee involvement is usually high, leading in excellent
customer service. The disadvantage of this culture is that it becomes more difficult to maintain as
the firm grows. Operations may lose focus and flow as the organisation grows.
Hierarchy culture:
The hierarchy culture is particularly popular in the United States. This document
establishes the structure, standard techniques, and power levels. Workers in this culture are
aware of their position within the command structure, including who is in charge of them, who
they report to, and what the rules are. It is vital in this culture to do the right thing. Activities are
generally efficient, and duties are well-defined. Financial organisations, insurance companies,
and oil and gas companies all have a hierarchical culture. This type of corporate culture enables
them to better detect and manage risks, stay stable, and function efficiently. It may, however,
impede their ability to be creative, nimble, and responsive to market and industry shifts. They
may lack the adaptability that today's and tomorrow's markets demand.
Market culture:
Profit margins and sustaining competitive advantage are key to market culture. It is goal-
oriented, with a huge emphasis on the outside world to assure customer satisfaction. Tesla,
Amazon, and General Electric are number of businesses that are driven by a market culture.

Because these companies' success depends on their ability to innovate, there is a constant
pressure to be more creative and bring new or improved items to market before their competitors.
While this type of culture may ensure the company's long-term viability, employees are
frequently burned out as a result of the high expectations and constant pressure to achieve. There
may also be a lower priority placed on the employee experience or pleasure.
For British Airways organization hierarchy culture is essential as is it is very important
because this process oriented as well as structured control culture that helps the organization to
formulate appropriate procedure in order to achieve their goals and objectives. Apart from this
market culture is very important for the organization because it is also very result oriented as
well as competitive compete culture that support the organization to become more affective in
order to achieve their goals and objectives and improve their capabilities so that the company can
achieve their targets and improve their effectiveness in the market place.
Organizational culture is an essential factors in order to influencing the knowledge
management procedure in the organization. By using and focusing on the organization culture
the company become more capable to double up advance knowledge management system so that
the organization can achieve their goals and objectives. There are different kind of characteristics
of the organizational culture that support the organization to create positive environment in the
organization and achieve their goals and objectives and which are below mentioned:
Innovation and risk taking: Effective organizational culture motivated employees of
the organization to become more Innovative and risk taker in order to overcome the barriers and
achieve their goals and objectives. Apart from this it also support the company to create positive
environment in the organization and also contribute towards the human resources knowledge
management system.
Team orientation: Organizational culture and their work activities are organised and
helps the organization to improve the diminishment in the organization instead of individuals.
Apart from this effective organizational culture are also people oriented in which the
management decision take into consideration is in order to Make their workers feel more
valuable in the organization.

Aggressiveness as well as stability: By following appropriate organizational culture the
employees of the organization become more aggressive as well as competitive instead of easy-
going And cooperative. Apart from this, the organization activities emphasizing on the
maintaining the status that will going to support the company to maintain a ability in the
organization and achieve their goals and objectives in order to get more positive outcomes. As
organizational effective culture is also outcome orientation that support the organization to use
effective techniques and procedures in order to achieve their goals and objectives and overcome
the problems.
These are the characteristics of the organizational culture that are most likely to
facilitate knowledge management in the organization and support the organization to overcome
the barriers and improve their capabilities in order to become more competitive and achieve their
goals and objectives.

REFERNCES
Books and Journal
Aal, K., Di Pietro, L., Edvardsson, B., Renzi, M.F. and Guglielmetti Mugion, R., 2016. Coop
provides Eataly with logistics knowledge for managing logistics systems that organize
operations to and from Eataly store. Journal of Service Management, 27(4), pp.619-651.
Ahad, W., 2020. Level of knowledge of medical practitioner of diagnosing and managing
swallowing difficulties in hospitalized setting of DHAKA CITY (Doctoral dissertation,
Bangladesh Health Professions Institute, Faculty of Medicine, the University of Dhaka,
Bangladesh.).
Alsharo, M., Gregg, D. and Ramirez, R., 2017. Virtual team effectiveness: The role of
knowledge sharing and trust. Information & Management, 54(4), pp.479-490.
Brink, T., 2017. Managing uncertainty for sustainability of complex projects. International
Journal of Managing Projects in Business.
Dwivedi, R., Cipolle, C. and Hoefer, C., 2018. Development and assessment of an
interprofessional curriculum for managing diabetes during ramadan. American journal of
pharmaceutical education, 82(7).
Glukhikh, I. and Glukhikh, D., 2021. Situations representation and retrieve in the case-based
reasoning system for managing a complex technological object. In CEUR Workshop
Proceedings (Vol. 2922, No. 17).
Hammad, R., Barhoush, M. and Abed-Alguni, B.H., 2020. A Semantic-Based Approach for
Managing Healthcare Big Data: A Survey. Journal of Healthcare Engineering, 2020.
Jones, C. and Pimdee, P., 2017. Innovative ideas: Thailand 4.0 and the fourth industrial
revolution. Asian International Journal of Social Sciences, 17(1), pp.4-35.
Kodama, M. and Yasuda, T., 2017. Managing Serendipity Through Ma Thinking: Lessons of the
Invention and Commercialization of Blue LED (Awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics).

In Ma Theory and the Creative Management of Innovation (pp. 81-102). Palgrave
Macmillan, New York.
Lifshitz-Assaf, H., 2018. Dismantling knowledge boundaries at NASA: The critical role of
professional identity in open innovation. Administrative science quarterly, 63(4), pp.746-
782.
Mannebäck, E. and Padyab, A., 2021. Challenges of Managing Information Security during the
Pandemic. Challenges, 12(2), p.30.
Nambisan, S., Lyytinen, K., Majchrzak, A. and Song, M., 2017. Digital Innovation Management:
Reinventing innovation management research in a digital world. MIS quarterly, 41(1).
Singh, S.K., Gupta, S., Busso, D. and Kamboj, S., 2021. Top management knowledge value,
knowledge sharing practices, open innovation and organizational performance. Journal of
Business Research, 128, pp.788-798.
Vieira, R.B., Bresciani, L.P. and dos Santos, I.C., 2017, July. Fab Labs Network in Developing
Countries: Knowledge Spillover Effects or Managing Technology Development within
the Scarcity Economy?. In 2017 Portland International Conference on Management of
Engineering and Technology (PICMET) (pp. 1-9). IEEE.