Managing People and Systems: Theories of Motivation in the Modern Workplace

This report discusses theories of motivation and their application in the modern workplace. It explores Maslow's hierarchy of needs, Hertzberg's two-factor theory, Vroom's theory of expectancy, and Porter and Lawler's expectancy theory. The report emphasizes the importance of motivation in managing people and systems.

Managing people and systems

Table of Contents
ESSAY- Discuss theories of motivation and how to apply them in the modern workplace..........................3
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................................7

ESSAY- Discuss theories of motivation and how to apply them in the
modern workplace
The Present report is based on the topic managing people and system. in the report it will discuss
about the theories of motivation and how to apply them in the modern workplace. it will also
evaluate about the what is motivation along with different theories of motivation and its
explanation. Lastly it will also discuss about the chosen theory of motivation in workplace.
Motivation is termed as the process of guiding, initiating and maintaining goal oriented behavior
(Atkinson and Singer, 2020) . It also involves different types of things that are biological, social,
cognitive and emotional force detective it behavior. On the other end motivation is also termed
as frequent that is used to describe by the people do something on the other hand it is also known
as driving force that are behind the human action. Motivation in the organization plays an
important role in motivating employees that is by guiding them and giving direction towards
attaining a goal. for example Tesco had their performance goal with their team members Anne
ensures that yeah sister individuals under were clear rated pressures. on the other hand Sainsbury
motivate their employees by increasing their awarding salary. they can also appreciate their team
members to work hard along with this they also celebrate their employees birthday which will
result in motivating them to perform tasks in proper manner.
Theory of motivation
There are different types of theories of motivation as it is known as the huge field of study. the
different types of theories are
• Maslow’s hierarchy of needs
This theory is related to motivating employees by fulfilling their needs. This needs start from
lowest level and keeps moving upward which include
1. Psychological which is related to physical necessities such as food, shelter and water
2. Safety giving protection to their individual related to threats and other dangers.

3. Social related to friendship and affiliation.
4. Self-esteem it includes need for respect and recognition.
5. In self-actualization giving a positive to employees for their personal development and
learning (Voynarenko and et.al., 2017) .
However it is the duty of the leader to understand what the specific needs of the individual are
and employers to work along with this it will also result in fulfilling the needs and desires.
• Hertzberg's two factor theory
Mainly this motivation theory is classified into two categories that are related to motivating and
hygiene factors. motivation factors are they important needs which helps the leaders to ensure
what is the employer satisfaction an motivation for their higher performance on the other hand
hygiene factors are needed to make sure that employers are not dissatisfied with the work that are
assigned to individual. the presence of hygiene factors does not mean that it guarantee
motivation and president of the motivation factors cannot work in the absence of hygiene factors.
• Vrooms theory of expectancy
This motivation theory is related to that people will result in highly productive and motivated if
the two different types of conditions are met data related to that the leader of the organization
believe in efforts which have resulted in successful result on the other hand the people also
believe that they will be rewarded for their success by their hardworking. on the other hand the
employers and the individual also motivated For higher level of effort that is when they believe
that they have relationship between efforts they put and the performance they have achieved
along with this out comes and rewards they receive.
Porter and Lawler’s Expectancy theory
This theory is not only related to motivating employees to achieve all the target in the
organization but also relationship between satisfaction and performance. The meaning of this
theory is that effort or motivation does not result in leading directly to performance as it is
related to mediated by abilities and traits and roles that are related to perceptions (Lanham and

et.al., 2020). Ultimately this theory want to say that performance leads to Satisfaction. in this
model there are three types of elements that are
• Efforts it is related to the amount of energy that an employee give on the tasks that are assigned
to them. This is based on two aspects that are related to value of reward and perception that is
related to effort reward probability.
• Performance it is determined by the amount of ability and role better related to Persian of the
employers. If they employed in the organization will result in less ability and making wrong role
of perception which will also result in low performance in spite of putting great efforts.
• Satisfaction in this it leads to performance. it is the main factor that depends upon reward that
one can achieve. if the amount of rewards meet then it will result in satisfaction of the
employers. Rewards are of two types expensing an intrinsic reward.
Thus by this model the author want to recommend that the manager and the leader must motivate
their employees by rewarding system and structure (GITELMAN and et.al., 2020).
Modern workplace is known as the term which is used for defining set up technological,
psychological conditions and physical which is the aim to achieve employee satisfaction at the
time of optimizing efficiency and productivity in business. the main name of modern workplaces
that they are evolving overtime better related to meeting the needs and once of the existing and
future employers in the business. The modern workplace knows how to motivate employees
which will result in achieving goals on the faster basis by having full focus. Along with this they
are also designed around the concept that is related to activity based working which is known as
ever changing environment. In this day employers are free to choose the area in which they have
to work along with this which also suits the activities or task did need to perform on the given
day.
In the modern workplace the Porter and lowler model is the complete version that is related to
motivation depended upon expectancy theory. As in the workplace they said that actual
performance in the job can only be determined by the efforts that are expended by the employers.
but it also result in affecting the person's ability to job that is by requiring individual perception
of required task. on the other hand we can also said that the performance responsible factors will

result in leading to intrinsic as well as extrinsic reward. In modern workplace it works for
individual which leads to satisfaction. as nowadays satisfaction of the individual are dependent
upon the fairness of the rewards data set by the organization (Di Somma and et.al., 2020). In the
new area demographics of the work are changing day by day there are different types of
characteristics that will result in contributing to diversity which are on the basis of age, gender
and education. In workplace motivation theory are very important as it is not result in motivating
employees watching all the targets in proper manner but it also result in increased productivity
and performance of the organization so that they can also grow their business in effective and
efficiently manner. Motivation plays important role in modern workplace because nowadays
employees warned that their leader should motivate them in proper manner by giving them
rewards.
By summing up the above report it has been concluded there the report have given the
information about the motivation theories that are used by the organization so that they can
achieve goals and objective data set by them. It has also given the information about what are the
different kinds of theories and how they are useful in modern workplace.

REFERENCES
Books and journals
Atkinson, M. K. and Singer, S.J., 2020. Managing Organizational Constraints in Innovation
Teams: A Qualitative Study Across Four Health Systems. Medical Care Research and
Review, p.1077558720925993.
Di Somma, M., and et.al., 2020. Managing plug-in electric vehicles in eco-environmental
operation optimization of local multi-energy systems. Sustainable Energy, Grids and
Networks, 23, p.100376.
GITELMAN, L. D., and et.al., 2020. METHODOLOGIES FOR MANAGING COMPLEX
SYSTEMS UNDER UNCERTAINTY. WIT Transactions on Ecology and the
Environment, 241, pp.91-103.
Lanham, H. J., and et.al., 2020. 13 Sensemaking as a strategy for managing
uncertainty. Transforming Healthcare with Qualitative Research, p.127.
Nielsen, J. G., Lueg, R. and Liempd, D. V., 2019. Managing multiple logics: The role of
performance measurement systems in social enterprises. Sustainability, 11(8), p.2327.
Voynarenko, M. P., and et.al., 2017. Managing the development of innovation business
processes with automated information systems.