This report analyzes the cultural differences between Japan and USA using Hofsted, Hall, and Will models. It explores the dimensions of power distance, individualism, masculinity, uncertainty avoidance, and long-term orientation. The report also discusses the relevance and significance of culture in the context of livelihood and working environment.
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CROSS CULTURE ANALYSIS
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ď‚·Space- It has also defined the culture with help of attitude to personal space. ď‚·Information- It is forth dimension that defined by Hall. Culture with slow information, each plan in entity frame carefully and structure it. Thus, culture with fast information spreads more quickly. Wills model-It is model that defines the high and low context of culture. TASK 1 For undertaking the comparison between the china and USA, the selected the Hofsted model of culture dimension. Therefore, this defined in following manner as are- Power distance-It is termed out as extent that has less powerful members of institution and organization within nation and this accepts that power is unequally distributed. In the power distance, the Japan scores as 54. Thus, it is considered as borderline hierarchical society. Thus, most of the tourist thinks that Japan is extremely hierarchical as there is slow decision-making process and the all decision confirmed by the management of Top authority in Tokyo. Thus, USA power of index rate is 40 (Moon, Leeand Oh,2015). This means the USA has much effective power of distribution rate than China.In the corporate world, the employees are self expected and be self reliant and display initiative. Under this, promotion and decision are mainly based on evidence that what they have done. Individualism-This is defined as fundamental issue that needs to be addressed by this dimension and this also termed out as degree of interdependence that means society maintains among members. In this, Japan has scored 46 on the individual dimension. Thus, the society of Japanese has shows the many characteristics of collective society. This means this nation put the unity of group above the opinion of individual and that means people have strong sense of shame for losing face (Durvasula,Lysonskiand Watson,2015). Japanese are experienced as collectivist with Western standards and experienced as individualist with help of Asian standards. Thus, they are more private and reserved than the most other Asians. Masculinity-In this high score, the society will be driven with help of achievement, competition and success. Japan is one of the most Masculine societies in the world and this scores at 95. This is country that is considered as workaholism (Singh and Martinengo, 2015). There is strong notion in the education system Japanese that everybody is born equal and anyone gets ahead and become anything. It is not hierarchical as compare to the other Asian cultures. Therefore, the score of US masculinity is 62 and can be seen as one of typical American pattern of behaviours.
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Individualism- It is fundamental issue that mainly addressed by the degree of interdependence that maintains among the members. Therefore, Japan scores 46 in terms to individualism dimension. Within the collectivist culture, individual are loyal to inner group by birth and this is extended by family and local community(Pentinaand Guilloux,2015). Additionally, Japanese are mainly experienced as collectivist with the Western standards and experienced individualist with the Asian standards. This defined as that they are more and reserve than the other Asians. Uncertainty Avoidance-It has to deal with the way that society deals with fact that future that can be known. There are differed cultures that needs to learnt to deal this anxiety in different manner. In this, Japan is considered at the score of 92 and that uncertainty avoiding countries on earth. Additionally, manager needs to ask for all the detailed facts and figures before undertaking any decision. Therefore, the high requirement for uncertainty avoidance is one of the reason in which changes are difficult to realize in Japan. So, Japanese must be prepared about themselves for any of the uncertain situation. This aids to deal with the varied level of the tough situation. Thus, USA scores 46, this is country in which there is degree of acceptance for the innovative ideas, commodities and willingness to try something new whether it relates with high technical advancement. Long term orientation-It is defined that has to maintain some links with own past at time of dealing with the challenges of the present and future. Therefore, Japan scores at 88 in terms to Long term orientation oriented societies. Therefore, the long term orientation is need to make high constantly investment in R&D even in economically difficult times. Indulgence- It is the dimension that termed out as extent in which individual take initiative to have control on desires and impulse on the way that they were raised. This means that societies have high restrained and that much put more focus on leisure time and also control the gratification of desires. Illustration1: Hofsted culture of Japan and USA (Source:COUNTRY COMPARISON,2019)
In combination with normative score and the behaviour of people is reflected with the contradictory attitudes and behaviour. TASK 2 Relevance and comparison- Culture provides the crucial social and economical benefits. This also aids to put major focus on improved learning and health and this also leads to opportunities to come together. Thus, effective maintenance of culture also enhances the quality of life and raise the overall well being for communities and individuals(Pentina and Guilloux, 2015). Thus, Japan and USA so different from each other culture and values. There are different practices of the behaviour of people and rights. Additionally, culture highly ensures about the crisis, influence identity and debate. This is very crucial for building effective performance of work. Thus, comparison has been taken with the help of Hofsted cultural dimension, this aids to provide the insights of both country. CONCLUSION From the above report it can be aforementioned that culture is defined as particular group of people, language, social habits and religion etc. The present study is based on culture of Japan and USA. Henceforth, report has covered the activities as undertaking Hofsted model that is effective in terms to undertaking culture dimension. Lastly, relevance and significance has been defined of both culture and their impact on livelihood and working environment of people.