Marks Spencer Case Study | Leadership Assignment
Added on 2020-06-06
61 Pages15788 Words59 Views
To analyse ethical issues and challenges faced within leadership
concept in 21st century: A case study of Marks and Spencer.
1
concept in 21st century: A case study of Marks and Spencer.
1
Abstract
The researcher has taken the research work to evaluate the challenges of leadership in 21st
century and described how Human Resources Management helps to solve such problems. In case
of that the researcher divided the whole chapter into five parts.
The first chapter describes the rationality of research work. In case of that the researcher
identified main aim and objective regarding that. In relation the researcher identified some
research question to understand the research topic.
The second chapter is literature review in this research work. The researcher review different
literature of the topic. Many theories and strategies has been analysis in this chapter to
understand the issue.
The third chapter is methodology. In the chapter the researcher explain different methods of
research such as philosophy, design, tools and data collection methods. The researcher selected
interpretive approach and exploratory design. The researcher selected secondary qualitative data
analysis methods. In case of sampling technique the researcher used inclusive and exclusive
methods.
The fourth chapter is data analysis and findings. In this chapter the researcher reviews different
secondary sources to evaluate the situation. In this chapter the researcher tries to link up the
leadership activities with the impact of globalization.
The last chapter and fifth chapter are conclusion and recommendation. The researcher is analysis
all process and findings in brief in this chapter. In addition, the researcher recommended some
solution to improve leadership. Further, the researcher identified researcher limitation and future
scope of the research.
2
The researcher has taken the research work to evaluate the challenges of leadership in 21st
century and described how Human Resources Management helps to solve such problems. In case
of that the researcher divided the whole chapter into five parts.
The first chapter describes the rationality of research work. In case of that the researcher
identified main aim and objective regarding that. In relation the researcher identified some
research question to understand the research topic.
The second chapter is literature review in this research work. The researcher review different
literature of the topic. Many theories and strategies has been analysis in this chapter to
understand the issue.
The third chapter is methodology. In the chapter the researcher explain different methods of
research such as philosophy, design, tools and data collection methods. The researcher selected
interpretive approach and exploratory design. The researcher selected secondary qualitative data
analysis methods. In case of sampling technique the researcher used inclusive and exclusive
methods.
The fourth chapter is data analysis and findings. In this chapter the researcher reviews different
secondary sources to evaluate the situation. In this chapter the researcher tries to link up the
leadership activities with the impact of globalization.
The last chapter and fifth chapter are conclusion and recommendation. The researcher is analysis
all process and findings in brief in this chapter. In addition, the researcher recommended some
solution to improve leadership. Further, the researcher identified researcher limitation and future
scope of the research.
2
Acknowledgment
It provides me greatest satisfaction to make the final submission of the research that focuses on
To analyse ethical issues and challenges faced within leadership concept in 21st century: A
case study of Marks and Spencer. I am grateful to various fellow members behind the
successful completion of this research.
I would like to express thanks to number of people who have guided me in preparing this
research. I would like to thank my higher authority, since without their guidance my project
work would not have been achievable. I would also like to thank my peer group members. I
would also like to show my appreciation towards the respondents of the surveys as well as the
interviews, whose co-operation has helped me to incorporate data collection effectively and
efficiently.
Thank you,
3
It provides me greatest satisfaction to make the final submission of the research that focuses on
To analyse ethical issues and challenges faced within leadership concept in 21st century: A
case study of Marks and Spencer. I am grateful to various fellow members behind the
successful completion of this research.
I would like to express thanks to number of people who have guided me in preparing this
research. I would like to thank my higher authority, since without their guidance my project
work would not have been achievable. I would also like to thank my peer group members. I
would also like to show my appreciation towards the respondents of the surveys as well as the
interviews, whose co-operation has helped me to incorporate data collection effectively and
efficiently.
Thank you,
3
Table of contents
Chapter 1: Introduction.............................................................................................. 7
1.1 Introduction: ..................................................................................................... 7
1.2 Background of the research: ............................................................................8
1.3 Research Rationale:.......................................................................................... 9
1.4 Problem statement: .......................................................................................... 9
1.5 Research aims, objectives and questions: .....................................................10
1.5.1 Research aim:........................................................................................... 10
1.5.2 Research Objectives:................................................................................ 11
1.5.3 Research questions................................................................................... 11
1.6 Significance of the research:...........................................................................11
1.7 Summary: ....................................................................................................... 12
CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW............................................................................. 13
2.1 Introduction..................................................................................................... 13
2.2 Gap of the literature ....................................................................................... 13
2.3 Conceptual Framework.................................................................................. 14
2.4 Theories of leadership..................................................................................... 15
Figure 2.2: Theories of Leadership...............................................................17
2.4 Role of leadership........................................................................................... 18
2.5 Different factors that influence effective leadership.......................................18
2.6 Issues and challenges faced in leadership: ...................................................19
CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY..................................................................21
3.1 Introduction..................................................................................................... 21
3.2 Research onion............................................................................................... 21
3.3 Research philosophy....................................................................................... 22
3.3.1) Justification.............................................................................................. 23
3.4 Research approach......................................................................................... 23
3.4.1) Justification.............................................................................................. 24
3.5 Research design.............................................................................................. 24
4
Chapter 1: Introduction.............................................................................................. 7
1.1 Introduction: ..................................................................................................... 7
1.2 Background of the research: ............................................................................8
1.3 Research Rationale:.......................................................................................... 9
1.4 Problem statement: .......................................................................................... 9
1.5 Research aims, objectives and questions: .....................................................10
1.5.1 Research aim:........................................................................................... 10
1.5.2 Research Objectives:................................................................................ 11
1.5.3 Research questions................................................................................... 11
1.6 Significance of the research:...........................................................................11
1.7 Summary: ....................................................................................................... 12
CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW............................................................................. 13
2.1 Introduction..................................................................................................... 13
2.2 Gap of the literature ....................................................................................... 13
2.3 Conceptual Framework.................................................................................. 14
2.4 Theories of leadership..................................................................................... 15
Figure 2.2: Theories of Leadership...............................................................17
2.4 Role of leadership........................................................................................... 18
2.5 Different factors that influence effective leadership.......................................18
2.6 Issues and challenges faced in leadership: ...................................................19
CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY..................................................................21
3.1 Introduction..................................................................................................... 21
3.2 Research onion............................................................................................... 21
3.3 Research philosophy....................................................................................... 22
3.3.1) Justification.............................................................................................. 23
3.4 Research approach......................................................................................... 23
3.4.1) Justification.............................................................................................. 24
3.5 Research design.............................................................................................. 24
4
3.5.1) Justification.............................................................................................. 25
3.6 Data Collection................................................................................................ 25
3.7 Sampling method............................................................................................ 26
3.8 Data Analyses plan......................................................................................... 26
3.9 Time Horizon................................................................................................... 27
3.10 Accessibility issues........................................................................................ 27
3.11 Ethical consideration..................................................................................... 28
3.12 Research limitation....................................................................................... 28
3.16 Summary....................................................................................................... 28
CHAPTER 4: DATA ANALYSES, INTERPRETATIONS AND FINDINGS............................29
4.1 Introduction..................................................................................................... 29
4.1 Primary data Analyses.................................................................................... 29
4.3 Secondary data analyses................................................................................ 33
4.3.1) Interdependence between leadership and business success...................33
4.3.2) Impact of leadership on business............................................................35
4.3.3 Issues face by leaders of 21st century and Suitable leadership theories to
deal with critical situations................................................................................ 37
4.3.4) Role of HRM practices..............................................................................41
4.3.5) Effectiveness of HRM practices in organization.......................................43
4.3.6) Interdependence between leadership and HRM practices.......................43
4.4 Conclusion....................................................................................................... 45
CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS..............................................46
5.1 Summary of research findings........................................................................46
5.2 Realization of objectives.................................................................................46
5.3 Recommendations for improvements.............................................................48
5.3.1) Recommendation 1: Adoption of participative leadership style..............48
5.3.2) Recommendation 2: Effective collaboration with human resource
management...................................................................................................... 49
5.3.3) Recommendation 3: Embedding change in leadership and HRM practices
........................................................................................................................... 49
5.3.3) Recommendation 4: Improvement in communication and implementation
of shared leadership.......................................................................................... 50
5.4 Research limitations ....................................................................................... 50
5.5 Suggestions for Future research ....................................................................50
5
3.6 Data Collection................................................................................................ 25
3.7 Sampling method............................................................................................ 26
3.8 Data Analyses plan......................................................................................... 26
3.9 Time Horizon................................................................................................... 27
3.10 Accessibility issues........................................................................................ 27
3.11 Ethical consideration..................................................................................... 28
3.12 Research limitation....................................................................................... 28
3.16 Summary....................................................................................................... 28
CHAPTER 4: DATA ANALYSES, INTERPRETATIONS AND FINDINGS............................29
4.1 Introduction..................................................................................................... 29
4.1 Primary data Analyses.................................................................................... 29
4.3 Secondary data analyses................................................................................ 33
4.3.1) Interdependence between leadership and business success...................33
4.3.2) Impact of leadership on business............................................................35
4.3.3 Issues face by leaders of 21st century and Suitable leadership theories to
deal with critical situations................................................................................ 37
4.3.4) Role of HRM practices..............................................................................41
4.3.5) Effectiveness of HRM practices in organization.......................................43
4.3.6) Interdependence between leadership and HRM practices.......................43
4.4 Conclusion....................................................................................................... 45
CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS..............................................46
5.1 Summary of research findings........................................................................46
5.2 Realization of objectives.................................................................................46
5.3 Recommendations for improvements.............................................................48
5.3.1) Recommendation 1: Adoption of participative leadership style..............48
5.3.2) Recommendation 2: Effective collaboration with human resource
management...................................................................................................... 49
5.3.3) Recommendation 3: Embedding change in leadership and HRM practices
........................................................................................................................... 49
5.3.3) Recommendation 4: Improvement in communication and implementation
of shared leadership.......................................................................................... 50
5.4 Research limitations ....................................................................................... 50
5.5 Suggestions for Future research ....................................................................50
5
REFERENCES............................................................................................................ 52
APPENDIX................................................................................................................. 56
Appendix 1:Gantt chart...................................................................................... 56
Appendix 2: Purpose of Leadership....................................................................56
Appendix 3: Transformational Leardership........................................................58
Appendix 4: Organisational structure in HRM....................................................59
Appendix 5: transactional leadership ................................................................60
Appendix 6: Model of Strategic HRM..................................................................61
Appendix 7: Purpose of HRM.............................................................................62
Appendix 8: Questionnaire................................................................................. 62
6
APPENDIX................................................................................................................. 56
Appendix 1:Gantt chart...................................................................................... 56
Appendix 2: Purpose of Leadership....................................................................56
Appendix 3: Transformational Leardership........................................................58
Appendix 4: Organisational structure in HRM....................................................59
Appendix 5: transactional leadership ................................................................60
Appendix 6: Model of Strategic HRM..................................................................61
Appendix 7: Purpose of HRM.............................................................................62
Appendix 8: Questionnaire................................................................................. 62
6
Chapter 1: Introduction
1.1 Introduction:
The significance of the basic principles and practice of leadership and management is
still been debatable on the ground of new global economy. However, the debates are becoming
much more complex based on the changing roles of the leaders and their versatility
characteristics. Since the beginning of 21st century, globalization predominantly affects the
service market throughout the world. People are becoming more skilled in order to maximize
their utility, benefit and profit. In case of small scale and large scale organizations managers and
leaders are showing their interest to acquire practical skill and essential knowledge aims to
innovate new ideas and senses. However, in order to complying with the raised need of present
world, various issues and challenges are being observed by the leaders and managers of
organization. The present research is aimed on analysing the different issues that are observed by
the leaders of the company which are raised in recent century after certain advancements. The
undertaking will also emphasize mainly on the ethical problems that are created as a result of
modernization. The increased roots of businesses are now developing some major issues in front
of the leaders in performing their leadership practices. These challenges are required to be
resolved soon for the effective functioning of businesses.
In order to accomplish the present research work, the entity is chosen to be Marks and
Spencer. The selected UK-based organization belongs to retail sector and existing on a global
platform. With the assistance of term 'globalization', there are various countries which are served
by Marks and Spencer involving a range of segments to be consider such as culture, religion,
beliefs, geographical locations, etc. The wide reach of the entity results in the raising of antithetic
issues that challenges ethics of leaders. In the present research work, different ethical issues that
are faced by the Marks and Spencer in leadership context as a result of globalization will be
studied.
7
1.1 Introduction:
The significance of the basic principles and practice of leadership and management is
still been debatable on the ground of new global economy. However, the debates are becoming
much more complex based on the changing roles of the leaders and their versatility
characteristics. Since the beginning of 21st century, globalization predominantly affects the
service market throughout the world. People are becoming more skilled in order to maximize
their utility, benefit and profit. In case of small scale and large scale organizations managers and
leaders are showing their interest to acquire practical skill and essential knowledge aims to
innovate new ideas and senses. However, in order to complying with the raised need of present
world, various issues and challenges are being observed by the leaders and managers of
organization. The present research is aimed on analysing the different issues that are observed by
the leaders of the company which are raised in recent century after certain advancements. The
undertaking will also emphasize mainly on the ethical problems that are created as a result of
modernization. The increased roots of businesses are now developing some major issues in front
of the leaders in performing their leadership practices. These challenges are required to be
resolved soon for the effective functioning of businesses.
In order to accomplish the present research work, the entity is chosen to be Marks and
Spencer. The selected UK-based organization belongs to retail sector and existing on a global
platform. With the assistance of term 'globalization', there are various countries which are served
by Marks and Spencer involving a range of segments to be consider such as culture, religion,
beliefs, geographical locations, etc. The wide reach of the entity results in the raising of antithetic
issues that challenges ethics of leaders. In the present research work, different ethical issues that
are faced by the Marks and Spencer in leadership context as a result of globalization will be
studied.
7
1.2 Background of the research:
Leadership is not just a style it is the responsibility to precede with the decision-making,
welfare of employee and profit making. In these decades, an emergence of technologies
accelerates the competition in the global economy. This globalization is undoubted helpful in
increasing the business value of the companies. However, it should be recognize that an intense
pressure is getting applied on the leaders and their practices as a result of modernization. In these
decades leaders are facing several issues in decision making, taking responsibilities and solving
complex problems. Moreover, the leaders are also facing difficulties in research and
development as in most of time they are not getting knowledgeable and potential researcher to
innovate new technologies. It should be further noted that the most of developed and developing
nations are willing to introduce capital intensive goods rather than labour intensive goods so they
need to extracts very skilled labour from overall labour force.
Due to globalization of education, dynamics of business practices and politics,
responsibilities of the leaders become unmanageable in some context. In most of developed
nations, leaders and managers have to be trained in a professional way which makes latent in
order to deal with the employees and the other stakeholders of the organizations. The major
issues that are develop with the modernization of the organizations involves the increment of
ethical challenges. The diversification of the businesses under the name of globalization has
involved employees, customers and other stakeholders from diversified places. This has further
created a challenging task in from of the leaders of firms to pay attention on each and every
factor to avoid issues. However, it is really hard to consider beliefs, cultures. religion, value, etc
of each and every person in the organizational operation. Thus, the absenteeism of it alter creates
ethical issues. The dilemma of management and leadership has become more composite while
employees also are also become concerned about their utility and optimality. In most of the
developing nations, leaders are arranging several training sessions to make the recruited staff
skilled.
In context to the selected company, it has been observed that the entity is existing in
various places worldwide. This reach is making the entity to face various ethical issues in terms
of varied beliefs, values, cultures, religions, etc. All these challenges are putting large influence
on the business operation and their efficiency. Further, the existing practices of the Marks and
Spencer are not much impelling in dealing with the rising ethical issues that can harm it.
8
Leadership is not just a style it is the responsibility to precede with the decision-making,
welfare of employee and profit making. In these decades, an emergence of technologies
accelerates the competition in the global economy. This globalization is undoubted helpful in
increasing the business value of the companies. However, it should be recognize that an intense
pressure is getting applied on the leaders and their practices as a result of modernization. In these
decades leaders are facing several issues in decision making, taking responsibilities and solving
complex problems. Moreover, the leaders are also facing difficulties in research and
development as in most of time they are not getting knowledgeable and potential researcher to
innovate new technologies. It should be further noted that the most of developed and developing
nations are willing to introduce capital intensive goods rather than labour intensive goods so they
need to extracts very skilled labour from overall labour force.
Due to globalization of education, dynamics of business practices and politics,
responsibilities of the leaders become unmanageable in some context. In most of developed
nations, leaders and managers have to be trained in a professional way which makes latent in
order to deal with the employees and the other stakeholders of the organizations. The major
issues that are develop with the modernization of the organizations involves the increment of
ethical challenges. The diversification of the businesses under the name of globalization has
involved employees, customers and other stakeholders from diversified places. This has further
created a challenging task in from of the leaders of firms to pay attention on each and every
factor to avoid issues. However, it is really hard to consider beliefs, cultures. religion, value, etc
of each and every person in the organizational operation. Thus, the absenteeism of it alter creates
ethical issues. The dilemma of management and leadership has become more composite while
employees also are also become concerned about their utility and optimality. In most of the
developing nations, leaders are arranging several training sessions to make the recruited staff
skilled.
In context to the selected company, it has been observed that the entity is existing in
various places worldwide. This reach is making the entity to face various ethical issues in terms
of varied beliefs, values, cultures, religions, etc. All these challenges are putting large influence
on the business operation and their efficiency. Further, the existing practices of the Marks and
Spencer are not much impelling in dealing with the rising ethical issues that can harm it.
8
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