Master of Public Health Case Study 2022

Running head: MASTER OF PUBLIC HEALTH 1
Master of Public Health
Author
Institution

MASTER OF PUBLIC HEALTH 2
Master of Public Health
Introduction
Non communicable diseases are group of disease that have chronic duration, progressive
and are caused by combination of environmental, genetic and environmental factors (Carin,
2018). According to World Health Organization the four main types of NCDs includes cancer,
chronic respiratory, cardiovascular diseases and diabetes mellitus. Globally NCDs are the
leading cause of death representing a significant percent of 70% mortality, killing 40 million
people each year. According to Australian Medical Students Association (2018) NCDs
contribute to 91% of all death according to in Australia. Moreover, it highlighted that in
Australia and globally the biggest epidemic is CVD causing 17.7 million deaths annually while
Cancer is responsible for 8.8 million deaths, respiratory diseases 3.9 million deaths and annually
diabetes is kills at least 1.6 million people according to.
Diabetes is a chronic illness situation that results in the production of higher blood sugars
than normal. It occurs when the pancreas cannot produce insulin any longer or when the body is
not able to make use of the insulin produced (American Diabetes Association 2014). Insulin
assists the glucose produced by food get into the body cells and used for energy. Thus, unable to
produce or use insulin effectively results in raised levels of glucose in the blood a condition
known as hyperglycemia. Over a long period, high levels of glucose are related to the damage of
the body and the failure of various tissues and organs. The major types include type 1, type 2 and
gestational diabetes.
Description of the disease of the condition or health problem of women and its characteristics.

MASTER OF PUBLIC HEALTH 3
Diabetes is one of the world's fastest-growing chronic disease. In Australia, it has reached
an epidemic proportion and poses a challenge to its health systems (Dunstan, Zimmet, Welborn,
2012). The Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander disproportionately experience high levels of
diabetes (Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) 2014). They are likely to suffer diabetes almost
four times compared to non-indigenous Australians. The likelihood of indigenous women is
twice compared to non-indigenous women.
Diabetes affects women in substantial ways. They experience vaginal and oral thrush.
Under the diabetes situation, women are likely to suffer from yeast infection. The high levels of
blood sugar cause a breeding ground for the candida fungus. This condition causes vaginal
discharge, sore skin, itchy sensation, and experience painful sex (Basina, 2018). Their immune is
affected by high levels of blood sugar results in the body's inability to deal with pathogens such
as fungi, bacteria, and viruses. Women suffering from diabetes have a greater risk of Unitary
Tract Infection. Utmost of indigenous women having type 2 diabetes are prone to suffering from
UTI. The symptoms of the UTI comprise experiencing pain during urination, blood in the urine
and cloudy urine. Sexual dysfunction is more prevalent while women are suffering from
diabetes. The risk of Candidiasis or UTI can result in lower libido or sex drive. Usually, women
develop diabetic neuropathy due to the very high level of glucose in the blood which causes
damage to the nerve fibers (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2018).
Discussion of the determinants of diabetes.
The socio-economic conditions such as unemployment and economic hardships deplete
the available financial resources to support the health needs of the indigenous people (Hill,
Ward, Grace & Gleadie, 2017). The financial constraints alter health behaviors. The huge burden
of the cost of the disease affects the indigenous women. The circumstances perceived to be