Diabetes Mellitus: Types, Diagnosis, and Management

Running head: DIABETES MELLITUS
DIABETES MELLITUS
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DIABETES MELLITUS1
Diabetes mellitus is an enduring disorder that is marked due to change in blood glucose
level. It affects the patient body to effectively use or consume blood sugar or glucose.
Glucose is considered vital to be healthy as it is an important foundation of providing energy
to the tissue and muscles of a person. There are two major types of diabetes mellitus namely
(Who.int, 2019):
1. Type 1 Diabetes mellitus- This is also referred as insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus,
where the pancreas cannot produce enough amount of insulin necessary for the body
to survive. It mostly develops in adolescents and children and can be prevalent in later
phase of life.
2. Type 2 Diabetes mellitus- This is also referred as non-insulin dependent diabetes
mellitus, where the human body fails to respond properly to the produced insulin by
the pancreas. Type 2 diabetes mellitus is more prevalent than type 1 and is responsible
for approximately 90% of total diabetes cases.
Diabetes is considered as the biggest challenge faced by Australian health system and is
epidemic in the 21St century. Approximately 280 Australian suffer and develop diabetes each
day and more than 1.7 million population of Australia are suffering from diabetes including
both diagnosed and undiagnosed diabetic patient (Diabetesaustralia.com.au, 2019). Various
diabetes complication are experienced by the Australian population that includes blindness,
amputation and heart disease. Hence, diabetes is considered as the fastest growing condition
affecting the Australian population compared to other chronic diseases like cancer and heart
disease. The risk factors responsible for diabetes mellitus includes inadequate physical
activity, advancing age, ethnicity, background history of diabetes, sedentary lifestyle,
pregnancy, genetic predisposition, obesity and poor diet. The symptoms of diabetes mellitus
depends on the blood glucose level, total population suffering from type 2 diabetes might not
experience the symptom initially, the symptoms include frequent urination, continuous thirst,