HSN701 Nutrition Assignment (Solution)
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Nutrition Assignment (HSN701)
Added on 2020-05-28
HSN701 Nutrition Assignment (Solution)
Nutrition Assignment (HSN701)
Added on 2020-05-28
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Running head: NUTRITIONOligosaccharides: the case for and against the supplementation of infant formulaName of the StudentName of the UniversityAuthor Note
1NUTRITIONExecutive summaryHuman milk contains abundant structurally diverse oligosaccharides that are collectively knownas human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs). These represent the third most essential solidcomponent of human milk, preceded by lipids and lactose. Preterm infants are known to consistof immature physiological systems that can be contributed to underdeveloped gastrointestinalbarriers, due to increased intestinal permeability. This results in translocation of potentiallypathogenic bacteria from the intestinal lumen. It leads to systemic infections. Reduction inintestinal permeability is often associated with maturation of the gut that promotes growth anddevelopment and also prevents onset of severe infections. In addition, absorptive and digestivecapabilities get decreased due to low lactase concentration, and reduced amounts of bile salts andpancreatic lipase. Considerable efforts have been taken by the fortified food industry in addingoligosaccharides as a major supplement in infant formula milk. This report will therefore focuson drawing relevant evidences based on which a recommendation for oligosaccharidesupplementation will be made.
2NUTRITIONTable of ContentsIntroduction......................................................................................................................................3Discussion........................................................................................................................................3Role of oligosachharides in infant health and wellness...............................................................3Consideration of safety issues and dosage...................................................................................5Support for infant formula supplementation................................................................................6Arguments against infant formula supplementation....................................................................7Recommendation.........................................................................................................................9References......................................................................................................................................10
3NUTRITIONIntroductionInfant formulas are used to refer to manufactured goods that are designed andsubsequently marketed for feeding infants under 12 months age. The basic advantage of suchinfant formula is providing all infants with essential nutrients that are imperative for growth anddevelopment. This in turn enhances their health and overall wellbeing. Whey and casein are thetwo primary proteins that are present in cow milk, and are thought to get easily digested thanother formula types (11). The human milk is primarily composed of carbohydrates, of whicholigosaccharides form the third most abundant element. The enzymes glycosyltransferases arethought to be responsible for assembling the carbohydrate structures (20). The basic function ofoligosaccharides and glycoconjugates are associated with protectingthe babies and infants, by preventing the binding of entero-pathogen to the host receptors (12).Thus, in an attempt to deliver similar health benefits to infants who feed on formula milk, severalcompanies have begun supplementing the infant formulas with these oligosaccharides, for theirpotential immunomodulatory and prebiotic effects. This report will focus on the role ofoligosaccharides on infant wellness and health and will illustrate the associated side effects aswell.DiscussionRole of oligosachharides in infant health and wellnessHuman milk oligosaccharides(HMOs) are considered as a family of unconjugatedglycans that are structurally diverse and commonly found in human breast milk. However, theyare actually not easily digested by human infants. These oligosaccharides act as prebiotic agents
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