Annotated Bibliography on Mental Health

This annotated bibliography explores the importance of patient engagement and involvement in healthcare services through various studies and research papers. The authors discuss the significance of incorporating patients in decision-making processes and the development of healthcare services. The paper highlights the need for a patient-centered approach and the benefits of shared decision-making. The studies also emphasize the importance of co-creation and learning in healthcare service development. The subject is mental health, and the course code, name, and college/university are not mentioned.

Running head: ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY ON MENTAL HEALTH
ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY ON MENTAL HEALTH
Name of student:
Name of university:
Author note:

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ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY ON MENTAL HEALTH
This annotated bibliography is on the theme of involvement and integration of patient
in the healthcare system
Annotated bibliography
Barello, S., Graffigna, G. and Vegni, E., 2012. Patient engagement as an emerging
challenge for healthcare services: mapping the literature. Nursing research and
practice, 2012.
This paper discusses about the importance of the integration of the participation and
knowledge of patients in the healthcare system. The engagement of patients in the healthcare
system has galvanized momentum in the recent policy and research practise. It has been
recognized an instrumental in disseminating high-quality healthcare services. Patients are at
the forefront of the government policies and the government has shown intervention through
prioritizing the voice of the patients and incorporating the active role of the patients within
the healthcare agenda. The authors argue that from the perspective of nursing, the
incorporation of the patients in providing accurate information regarding their health
conditions is particularly emphasized. Nurses need to develop on a patient-centred approach
by involving in the family members of the patients. This would facilitate in the formulation of
an appropriate plan that would enable the nurses to address the concerns of the patients with
greater alacrity by addressing the issues of drug management and discharge goals. The
incorporation of the patients within the framework of the healthcare system is will be done by
patient-oriented approaches that would lead to the better management of the disease, and the
policy of partnership and cooperation, therefore fostering on the professional-patient
relationship. The method adopted for this study is a critical review of literature concerning
the keywords of engagement and patient using reputed databases namely Google Scholar,
SCOPUS, Medline and so on. The results of the study demonstrated that there has been an

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increase in interest in the theme of patient engagement both in the managerial and academic
domains. This was evident in the growing number of literature between the period of 2002
and 2012 indicating the empowerment of the patients. It was further revealed that that there
has been a robust involvement from the academic communities in conducting health research
about the engagement of patients as an effective strategy in the improvement of the health of
the patients. Another trend that emerged through the review of literature is that there has been
a focalization of mental health. The limitation of this research is that it has not focussed on
patient care from multiple perspectives which could have provided a more insightful
understanding.
Carman, K.L., Dardess, P., Maurer, M., Sofaer, S., Adams, K., Bechtel, C. and Sweeney,
J., 2013. Patient and family engagement: a framework for understanding the elements
and developing interventions and policies. Health Affairs,32(2), pp.223-231.
In this, paper the authors discuss about the importance of patient and family
interventions in creating a more efficient healthcare care system. The authors are of the
opinion that the there is ambiguity regarding the definition of patient engagement. For some
scholars, patient engagement indicates the promotion of public engagement and patient care
in the aspects of healthcare and the strengthening of influences at the macrocosm of the
collectivity and at the microcosm of the individual. Then there scholars who are interested in
the settings in which the engagement of the patients take place. Patient engagement is also
used synonymously with patient –and-family-centred care and patient activation. However,
the author s warn that these terms should not be compounded and thee needs to be an effort to
understand each of these words individually. The authors have defined patient and family
engagement as collaboration and working in partnerships operating at different levels of the
healthcare system that includes the direct, indirect, policymaking and governmental approach
in bolstering the healthcare system. To provide a more perspicacious understanding of the

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healthcare system, the authors have generated a framework that is in consonance with the
development of policies and interventions that would foster family and patient engagement.
The authors developed a multi-dimensional framework that comprises of the three critical
elements of the patient engagement. These elements are continuum, consultation to
partnership and the multiple factors of willingness of the patients. The authors note that there
are certain factors that inform patient engagement, this includes patients, organizations and
the society. The continuum engagement is helpful in characterizing the degree to which the
patients are involved in the decision-making process. Secondly, the framework emphasizes
on the possibility of greater impact that could be accomplished through the implementations
of interventions across the different levels of engagement. Thirdly, interventions can be
formulated based on the engagement of the patients through motivation, knowledge and
addressal of the societal and organizational constraints. The authors argue for patient
engagement as a pathway for the achievement of better quality healthcare. Initiatives of
engagement challenge the notions of norms, needs and the pre-conceived assumptions about
healthcare professionals in the treatment.
Couët, N., Desroches, S., Robitaille, H., Vaillancourt, H., Leblanc, A., Turcotte, S.,
Elwyn, G. and Légaré, F., 2015. Assessments of the extent to which health‐care
providers involve patients in decision making: a systematic review of studies using the
OPTION instrument. Health Expectations,18(4), pp.542-561.
In this paper, the authors provide an overview of the degree to which healthcare
providers are involved in incorporating the patients within the framework of the decision-
making regarding the variegated aspects about their health. For this purpose, there was the
designing of the Observing Patient involvement Decision Making instrument (OPTION) to

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understand this process and the scenario. The authors deployed the OPTION instrument to
study the degree to which the healthcare providers collaborated with the patients in the
process of decision-making across the range of clinical contexts that includes various
healthcare professions along with the length of their consultations. The authors adopted
secondary data research through an online literature search option that includes multiple
databases ranging between 2001 and 2012 that collected further data through the means of
networking. It can be said that according to the multiple clinical contexts, there is
involvement of the patients. The authors have found 33 eligible studies and 29 of these
studies are on the revised scale. The extracted data in this case are OPTION outcomes and the
study of the participant characteristics. The author argue that healthcare providers in the
clinical context persistently to foster the healthcare development through the involvement of
the patients. The SDM interventions can be improved through the loner interventions
Crawford, M.J., Rutter, D., Manley, C., Weaver, T., Bhui, K., Fulop, N. and Tyrer, P.,
2002. Systematic review of involving patients in the planning and development of health
care. Bmj,325(7375), p.1263.
In this paper, the authors argue that governments in North America and Western
Europe have been encouraging about the formulation and development of the healthcare
services. In case of Wales and England, it was found that concerted efforts are being made to
improve the healthcare system. There is an increasing belief by the government that inclusion
of the patients in making the healthcare service more acceptable and the overall healthcare
system as accessible in improvement in the quality of the healthcare system. The government
have understood the importance of incorporating the patients with the intention of more
responsive services and greater outcome of the care service. There are many guides
suggesting and proposing about the different ways to incorporate patients within the
framework of the healthcare service. Although the involvement of patients is becoming

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common, it is definitely not an easy task but demands rigour and alacrity. The method
adopted by the authors for the purpose of the study is that secondary data analysis. The
papers were selected through electronic databases, communication with the insiders on the
field and making hand searches through a list of references. Some of the keywords used for
searching the pertinent materials are empowerment, patient, representation, healthcare,
health, organizational change organizational delivery, provision, planning and development.
The criterion selection adopted by the authors were literature that were concerned with the
involvement of the patients, and planning and delivery of healthcare services. The exclusion
criteria adopted for the review of literature is the evaluation of the satisfaction level of the
patients and papers that dealt with the preferences of the patients in regard to the usage of this
information for further purpose. The reviewed of the articles were conducted through a
qualitative analysis. The authors found that there are 3337 studies pertaining to the patients in
the planning and development of the healthcare system. 294 papers out of this were excluded
and it was found that 42 papers elaborated on the impact of initiatives that incorporate the
patients. It was stated in a large number of papers that patients embraced this step of
incorporating them with the larger model of the healthcare system and recognizing their
contributions in the improvement of the system. Incorporation of patients within the
framework of the healthcare model generated information that would be important in making
the healthcare services more accessible. This also led to the encouragement of the advocacy
of the people. This type of initiative helps in improving the culture of an organization by
making the staff more accountable and empathic towards the needs of the patients.
Elg, M., Engström, J., Witell, L. and Poksinska, B., 2012. Co-creation and learning in
health-care service development.Journal of Service Management, 23(3), pp.328-343.
Elg et al (2012) aimed to develop a study that evaluated the patient-centred model in
healthcare intervention. Their research made an attempt to assess the model for learning and

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co-creation derived through the diaries of the patients for further development in the
healthcare system. This paper tried to delve into the process of patient co-creation and the
variegated mechanisms that have developed so that the healthcare workers can derive
information and understand about the condition of the patients. The research design of this
study is action design research. The first step was to develop a phase for the patient through
learning and co-creation that led to the proposed model. In the second stage, a diary-based
research was conducted on the 53 patients who were admitted in the departments of
gastroenterology, rehabilitation and orthopaedic care. It was found that there is a need to
develop learning and co-creation model through three learning methods. This model may be
the generation and collection of data in the form of ideas of the patients. Secondly, there is
the possibility of illustrating a single patient’s lived experience that can serve a guideline to
necessary healthcare intervention and the designing of patient-centred care. Thirdly, a large
amount of diaries were analysed along with the surveys conducted on the patients and is
provided an understanding of the experiences of the healthcare of the patients. The highlight
of the study lies in offering new and diverse insights through the incorporation if the diary
method. Secondly, the paper recommends the co-creation approach that includes the patients
for the development of healthcare services through collaboration with the patients. Some of
the important methodological issues that emerged are that diaries need to be handled
carefully and there is a need to maintain confidentiality by anonymisation of the patients.
This is an ethical code that should be adhered to by the researchers. The ways in which the
patients are approached for the study and their response underline their interest in
participation.

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Stiggelbout, A.M., Van der Weijden, T., De Wit, M.P., Frosch, D., Légaré, F., Montori,
V.M., Trevena, L. and Elwyn, G., 2012. Shared decision making: really putting patients
at the centre of healthcare. Bmj, 344, p.e256.
This paper discusses about the multiple interventions adopted by the countries like
United States and Canada to foster the best method of decision-making is through the
involvement of patients for exchange of information and shared values. The first step in this
endeavour as discussed by the authors is that the importance of shared decision-making
during the sensitive situations. In this step, the patients will be informed about the best
possible choice that can be made and assessment of the different alternatives. The following
step is to discuss the benefits and perils of each and the probabilities. A patient may find it
difficult to decide between watchful waiting and surgery in the face of not being aware of the
nature and consequences of the situation. The key goal is to inform the patients about the
benefits and the potential danger related to a particular medical activity and thereby, sweep
away their anxieties. The authors suggest that clinical practise guidelines have the potential of
promoting the value of shared decision-making and communication involving the patients.
Providing the clinicians with the adequate skills can help in improving their approach
towards shared decision-making. It has been found that communication of risk and
understanding the preference of the patients remains largely included in the field of medicine.
Therefore, it is important to identify this lacuna and incorporate shared decision-making into
the framework of medicine that would prepare clinicians better for the co-creation healthcare
model. Shared decision-making is a complex concept as argued by the authors and therefore,
it is important that all the stakeholders are aware about the imperative of shared decision-
making in the dissemination of healthcare. The limitation of the study is that it does not
engage in any primary data analysis that could have entrenched the position of the authors
and supplement the secondary data research.

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References
Barello, S., Graffigna, G. and Vegni, E., 2012. Patient engagement as an emerging challenge
for healthcare services: mapping the literature. Nursing research and practice, 2012.
Carman, K.L., Dardess, P., Maurer, M., Sofaer, S., Adams, K., Bechtel, C. and Sweeney, J.,
2013. Patient and family engagement: a framework for understanding the elements and
developing interventions and policies. Health Affairs,32(2), pp.223-231.
Couët, N., Desroches, S., Robitaille, H., Vaillancourt, H., Leblanc, A., Turcotte, S., Elwyn,
G. and Légaré, F., 2015. Assessments of the extent to which health‐care providers involve
patients in decision making: a systematic review of studies using the OPTION
instrument. Health Expectations,18(4), pp.542-561.
Crawford, M.J., Rutter, D., Manley, C., Weaver, T., Bhui, K., Fulop, N. and Tyrer, P., 2002.
Systematic review of involving patients in the planning and development of health
care. Bmj,325(7375), p.1263.
Elg, M., Engström, J., Witell, L. and Poksinska, B., 2012. Co-creation and learning in health-
care service development.Journal of Service Management, 23(3), pp.328-343.
Stiggelbout, A.M., Van der Weijden, T., De Wit, M.P., Frosch, D., Légaré, F., Montori,
V.M., Trevena, L. and Elwyn, G., 2012. Shared decision making: really putting patients at the
centre of healthcare. Bmj, 344, p.e256.