Sequential, Parallel, and Integrated Treatment for Comorbid Mental Health and AOD Issues

This document discusses the different treatment approaches for individuals with comorbid mental health and AOD issues, including sequential, parallel, and integrated treatment. It emphasizes the importance of compliance with legislative requirements and the use of support strategies. The document also covers topics such as harm minimization, stress management, and the stages of change model.

Mental Health
Name of the Student:
Name of the University:
Author’s Note:
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Q1.The Sequential treatment refers to the cognitive behavioral therapy to deal with the
comorbid condition. As per the National Comorbidity guideline the AOD workers should
increase their knowledge during sequential treatment. In Parallel treatment the treatments are
provided independently. For example, treatment for mental illness is delivered by one person and
AOD approach is delivered by other (Falleret al. 2016). On the other hand, the integrated
treatment focuses on simultaneous treatment process by establishing a good relationship
between the AOD worker and mental disorder treatment provider. Moreover, the steeped care
delivers and monitor care service during comorbid condition.
Q2. Strength based approach: It is a social practice that influences people for self-
determination and identification of their strength. The motivational interview is a strength based
approach involves in enhancing the strength of individuals during their comorbid condition.
Holistic approach: This approach allows the people having comorbidity to identify their mental,
emotional and physical strength.
Recovery: This approach allows the comorbid patient to get quick recovery from their condition
by increasing their confidence level.
Harm minimization: This approach is helpful for the patients to reduce self-harm during their
co-morbid condition by applying different behavioral therapies such as CBT.
Abstinence: This approach is beneficial to prevent self-harm often caused by the individuals
who are in comorbid condition.
Empowerment: This approach is effective to allow patients with comorbid condition to
participate in decision-making process regarding their treatment.
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Access, Equity, rights based practice and Social Justice: The service providers need to
implement right based practices and maintain equity while delivering service to patients having
comorbid condition.
Dignity of risk: This is an idea that the service providers have the right to take reasonable risk to
protect the dignity of patients with comorbidity during their treatment.
Q3.In order to provide the best service to the people having comorbid condition compliance with
the legislative requirement is crucial. During the treatment protection of patients right is crucial,
which is a best ethical practice (Sarfatiet al. 2016). In order to provide emotional support to the
people with co-existing issue maintenance of The National Mental Health Act (1946) is
crucial. Therefore, to provide equal care to all patients having co-existing issue Equality Act
must be followed by the AOD workers.
Q4. Codes of practice: National Mental Health Act (1946) - Guides the patients with co-
existing issues and their families along with protecting their right.
Discrimination: Non-discrimination or anti-discrimination policy during the treatment of
comorbid patients to protect their right.
Dignity of risk: Dignity care practice to provide value of every individual with co-existing issue.
Duty of care: Associated with Occupiers Liability Act requirements and provides reasonable
care to ensure that a person with co-existing issue is safe from any injury.
Privacy, confidentiality and disclosure: Data Protection Act to protect the personal information
of patients.
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Records management: Effective record information management policy
Children in the workplace: Child Protection Act to reduce child labour from care provision.
Work health and safety: The Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 at Work 1974
ensures the safety of both service users and service providers.
Human rights: The Human Rights Act 1998
Informed consent: Comparison of consent policy must be done against CMS guideline before
implementing it to provide support people with co-existing issues.
Rights and responsibilities of workers, employers and individuals accessing the service:
Adoption of right based approach to protect and support the defenders.
Work role boundaries—responsibilities and limitations: Professional boundaries can be
maintained by reducing dual relationship and placing the needs of service users at the centre of
any decision-making.
Mandatory reporting: A person should be responsible to develop a legal report about any
suspicion of service user abuse.
Practice standards: Regular monitoring of the each area of service provision and measure the
standard against the established goal.
Q5. Identification: Communication strategy and making a good interpersonal relationship with
this person having mental health and AOD issues.
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Prevention: However, the effective communication and interpersonal relationship will help the
service users to understand the specific needs of the person. This will provide mental and
emotional support to that person.
Minimization strategies: Harm minimization strategy would be effective in this situation to
prevent that person from conducting self-harm.
Q6. The five de-escalation techniques are:
 Active listening
 Provide clarification
 Acknowledgement
 Agreed with the claim exposed by the aggressive person
 Provide apology
Q7. Legal drugs: Psychoactive drug on a regular basis, which is prescribed by the doctor
Illegal drugs: Drinking alcohol and smoking tobacco
Q8.
 Long term use of alcohol may cause difficulties during pregnancy as the drug can enter
through placenta and affects the unborn baby.
 Cannabis, alcohol heroin and morphine create safety issue while driving or working
 Heroin, nicotin and morphin decrease the person’s ability of work
 Bnzodiazepines and alcohol cause health issues such liver cancer
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Q9. Symptom and sign of drug use:
 Aggressive nature
 Depression
 Lethargy
 Physical dependence
 Bloodshot eyes
 Wight changes
 Unusual body odour
 Poor physical condition
Q10.Craving is the symptom that a person needs while trying to withdraw drug abuse
(Mechanicand Olfson 2016). Craving refers to a strong desire that enables a drug addicted person
to enhance its self-confidence and move on from this addiction.
Disulfiram, Nalmefene and Naltrexone are the effective medicines for the individuals who are
addicted to alcohol and drug. These medications are necessary during medical supervision while
trying to withdraw
During the withdrawal a positive and supportive environment is required, which will help the
vulnerable people to reduce their substance addiction. Moreover, by developing an interpersonal
relationship with the addicted people one can support them to overcome this addiction.
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Q11.
Harm minimisation: This approach is effective to support a person recovering from AOD by
implementing necessary policies associated with reducing drug related harm.
Health promotion, prevention and early intervention: Health promotion can be done by
conducting health campaign in different communities that will create health awareness among
the people. Therefore, prevention can be done by using medication and other behavioural
therapies (Novaket al. 2017). Moreover, early intervention provides support people with specific
condition. This intervention plan involves in developing cognitive skill, social skill,
communication skill and self-help skill.
Comprehensive and inclusive health care: Comprehensive care is vital for people recovering
from AOD. This care process meets both medical and physical needs of an individual. On the
other hand, the inclusive care meets the need of marginalized people recovering from AOD
(Dewarand Suh 2018).
Interagency links and partnerships: Working in a partnership would be effective for
supporting individuals who are recovering from AOD. This working process is effective to
provide multiple cares to the patients and meets their needs.
Health outcomes: This process is effective to measure that how well a person recovering from
AOD responded to a specific treatment.
Building self-efficacy: Building self-efficacy by encouraging the service users is an effective
process to improve their condition and provide quick recovery from AOD. This approach
increases the self-esteem and confidence level of individuals.
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Q12. Drug tolerance refers to a pharmacological concept. This considers a subject, which is used
to reduce the reaction or effect of drug by using repeatedly. Often over dosage can create re-
amplify the effect of drug.
Q13. Stress management strategy: Stress is a big reason that often hampers a person recovery.
For example, a person who wants to recover often feels stressed and returns to drug called
relapse (Wong et al. 2017). Hence, managing stress must be the first priority that prevents
relapse and makes the person relaxed.
H.A.L.T strategy: Hungry, angry, lonely and tired are the four factors that cause relapse. For a
person’s recovery journey these four things must be avoided if anyone wants to prevent relapse.
Q14. As per the National comorbidity guideline a service provider must know about the
interaction between the substances and mental health medication to create safety for the patients.
However, maximum youths having mental illness are commonly treated with psychotropic
medicines. However, use of substances such as Antipsychotics and Tobacco creates drug-drug
interaction as a result, the psychiatric disorder and potential risks can be increased (L.C 2017).
Q15. For example, clinical practice guideline is effective to develop statements systematically
and assists the practitioners to make authentic decision (Wong et al. 2017). On the other hand,
guideline must be used to reduce inappropriate variations in medical practices, which will
help to promote evidence based healthcare.
Q16.Documentation used by a mental health worker
 SMART goals need to be created based on the client situation
 Analysis of client’s past history and current status
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 Assessment of the overall situation of the client
 Addressing the special needs of clients
 Use of cognitive skills to make progress in the treatment
 Access and Equity needs to be implemented in service provision
Q17. Support strategies for comorbidity
Pharmacotherapy: This strategy is mandatory to support the people having co-existing issues.
This therapy provides proper medication to the patients and enables them to overcome their
current condition.
Care Coordination: Care coordination strategy is effective for older adults with co-existing
issues. This strategy influences the support providers to build an interpersonal relationship with
the patients and looking their chronic condition solely.
Self-monitoring and motivational interviewing: Self-monitoring allows the patients with co-
existing issues to monitor them and make decision regarding their treatment. This provides
emotional support to the patients and enhances their confidence level. On the other hand,
motivational interview explores the unique needs of comorbid patients (Dewarand Suh 2018).
Q18.According to the given scenario, Marry needs emotional support and care coordination
service from Michelle. However, Marry was not able to see her psychiatrist as she has been
arrested for possession and her pending is also due. Moreover, Marry has drug addiction also. In
this condition emotional support from her support worker will help Marry to regain her lost
confidence and back to her normal life (Wonget al. 2017). On the other hand, a care coordination
service will allow Michelle to look the chronic condition of Marry individually. Moreover,
financial support is also required in this critical condition to continue the treatment of Marry.
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Q19. Care plan for a person with co-existing mental health and AOD issues
 Step 1 setting the objectives
 Step 2 addressing the current situation of patient
 Step 3 identifying the unique needs of patients
 Step 4 arrangements of treatment and support services
 Step 5 Treatment and service must be done by collaborating the providers
 Step 6 Monitor and review the plan
Q20.
Antipsychotics and Cannabis: Cause testicular cancer and respiratory disease
Benzodiazepines and Tobacco: Cause vision problem and respiratory trouble
Antipsychotics and Tobacco: Cardiovascular disease and lung cancer
Lithium and Caffeine: Causes muscle weakness, diarrhea and high blood pressure
Antidepressants and Amphetamines or Cocaine – Mental health stability, depression, suicidal
thoughts
Q21. Five stages of change model
Precontemplation is the first stage of change model. In this stage the person with co-existing
issues does not feel any urge to change his or her bad habits (Rheeet al. 2015). Hence, it is
important for the service users to create an urge in this person to understand the importance of
change. Contemplation is the second stage of change model, in which people having multiple
health issues become more aware about their problems. In this stage they agree to adopt changes
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for a better outcome. The third stage is determination. In this stage the individuals make a
commitment to change their bad habits. This stage acts as a motivational stage that allows the
service users to facilitate change while dealing with a comorbid patient. In the four stage that is
in the action stage people with co-existing issues will be able to change their bad behavior by
using different techniques. Hence, maintenance is the fifth or last stage of this model. In this
stage the support workers motivates the individuals to avoid any type of influence that may force
them to return to the bad habits.
Q22. Five ways to use motivational interviewing
 Empathy needs to express for the patients by reflective listening
 The service providers needs to avoid argument while communicating with the service
user having co-existing issues
 Be flexible with the client resistance rather than denying it
 Act as an optimist to boost the self-confidence of clients by supporting their statements
 Create a balance between the goals and values of clients
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