This report discusses the strategic marketing plan for Rio Tinto to expand its business in South Africa with a new product of gold. It includes a PESTLE analysis, market entry mode, market segmentation, and Porter generic strategy.
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MG624 STRATEGIC MARKETING 1
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The present report is based in marketing of a new product in a new country in order to develop the business and grow in the international market. Thus, for this Rio Tinto has been used and this company is planning to expand in South Africa with its new product of gold. Therefore, for this the PESTLE analysis of country was carried on in order to outline the opportunities and threat which are been present in the market of South Africa. With help of PESTLE analysis, the different opportunities and threat of entering into South Africa was highlighted. Also, after assessing the success of product in new country different methods of expanding oversees was discussed and was outlined that merger and acquisition was better as against of other methods like joint venture or foreign direct investment. In the end the strategy of cost leadership was selected as the optimal strategy for gaining competitive advantage in new country. 2
TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................4 PESTLE analysis of Rio Tinto...............................................................................................4 Market entry mode.................................................................................................................8 Market segmentation............................................................................................................10 Porter generic strategy..........................................................................................................12 CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................13 REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................15 3
INTRODUCTION Strategic marketing is defined as the process through which a company plans for the development and planning of the new product or any promotion of the products and services of company (Chernev, 2018). The current report is based on company Rio Tinto which is an Anglo- Australian mining and metal company. The company was founded in the year 1873 and is headquartered in London. For the development of company, it is planning to expand its operation with new product of gold in South Africa.The major reason for choosing Rio Tinto is that this is a growing company and they want to expand in new country as well.Thus, the present report will start with PESTEL of South Africa that whether it is advantageous to go or not. Next it will outline the different modes through which company can enter into new market. Also, the market segment and target will be decided by the company. In the end with help of Porter generic strategy the competitive advantage of company will be decided. PESTLE analysis of Rio Tinto Company is proposing to expand its business in South Africa for mining of gold. To analyse the factors that may affect the business or expansion and for evaluating the opportunities and threats influencing the business PESTLE analysis has been conducted. 4
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Figure: PESTLE analysis (Source:Chapter 2 industry analysis, 2020) Political factors-Political factors include the rules and regulations of government that might affect the business. Government has a major role in business environment. They have great influence in the working of company. As South Africa is a country with the political instability it will be affecting the business of mining. However, as this is a mining company it has to deal less with the consumers directly. Government regulations in South Africa encourage investments from foreign that will be an opportunity. It also provides tax holidays over income to the new businesses or companies establishing in country. The company is required to perform the business operations after the after analysing all the rules and regulations of the country in which it is planning to operate successfully. It should analyse the tax rates, tax benefits other policies that companies are required to follow while carrying out the business in the country (Kaplan and et.al., 2016). However, company may require to pay taxes over extraction of gold as this causes depletion of resources of country. Also, the laws are liberal on cross country trade that will be beneficial for it to trade outside the country. 5
Economic factor-This includes macro environmental factors like interest rates, inflation rates, foreign exchange rates and such factors. They are important as they consider the aggregate demand and investment in economy. Micro environment factors include growth rate, inflation rate and the business indicators like materials resources and such factors. There is a direct contribution of mining to the GDP of country. The economy of South Africa is ranked 35thin terms of GDP (Hristozkova and et.al., 2016). The economy of country is growing. It is having a mixed economy and is having the freedom for industries to operate freely their business. It has centralized economic planning and the governance regulations (Reis-Marques, Lages, and Caminati, 2019). It is a large economy with industrialisation and diversifications. The economy will support Rio Tinto in establishing its business. Every country is facing with the issue of unemployment by establishing the business in backward areas company can provide business as well as employment to the people living there. This can also help company in getting tax benefits as well public support. This will create brand awareness in the country which will help to create more business. Country have major contribution of mining and establishing other mine will not face economic issues. The growth rate of country is adequate that will help in selling its products within and outside country. Also, the loans are available at lower interest rates on mining business that will be an opportunity for company. SocialFactor-SocialFactorincludesthecultureandthefactorsinfluencingthe organisation like values, belief, attitude. These factors play great role in influencing the business of marketers. It includes identifying the skills and knowledge of workers. It requires to understand the attitudes and structure of society. They have to identify the influencing and motivating factors of people in the society. Social factor is important for the business to be a success.Companysuffersunemploymentonlargescale.RioTintowillbeproviding employment to many workers which help it in gaining acceptance from society. Mining is activity that is depleting the resources and causing destruction in the environment it should comply with all the policies that are essential for getting the support of people and avoiding any discrepancies in future affecting its activities (Ogilvie, Vaughan and Peng, 2020). Also, as it is a mining business and company has already issued regarding mining it has to work properly for avoiding criticism. Company has to abide by the regulations regarding the mining for getting acceptance in the society. 6
TechnologicalFactor-Technologyincludesvariousfactorssuchastransactions, equipment and technologies that make the business process easy and effective. Technological advancement s of great importance to the business it cannot survive in the market if does not make pace with the technology. Rio Tinto is having the most advanced technology in the mining industry that is its strength. The establishments of business require the company to analyse the areas where the extraction will be made. Country already so many mining companies that have already extracted gold. Technological tools will help company to find right areas of extraction. However, the transportation costs will be high in the country due to the distant location and high fuel rates (Guedes, 2016). However, the technical machines and equipment will help company to make the extraction of gold possible. Environmental factor- It includes complying with environmental rules and regulations. Company is poor against environmental concern and this could be major threat to economy. The previous records may cause difficulty for company to obtain mining licence in the country. It has to be very careful regarding the environmental factors. South Africa has strong rules against environment and the mining business affects the environment. It is required to comply with the state rules and policies for mining and taking steps towards environment protections (Parviainen and et.al., 2018). The country is short with water therefore the company may use recyclable techniques for making effective use of water causing least wastage Legal factors-This includes all the laws and legislations which needs to be followed by every company in order to work in proper manner (Varadarajan, 2018). Laws and legislations are the guidelines which are issued by the government of the country in order to maintain the working of all the similar companies. For Rio Tinto when they will go in South Africa then all the legal system will be different and this will take a little time for the company in understanding the legal system of the new country. Also, this will add on to the cost of the company because of the reason that they have to do a research relating to all the law and legislation prevalent in South Africa. Hence, this is a threat to the company as this will increase the cost and time of company in expanding to new country. But this is also an opportunity because of the fact that if company abides by all the laws and regulations then consumers will build trust on the company and this will increase the sales of company. 7
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Market entry mode In the highly competitive market, it is not possible for the companies to earn profits as the competition is very high (Hollender, Zapkau and Schwens, 2017). Thus, to meet this companies goes for international business wherein they try to do business in other country as well and to increase the consumer base in new country as well. Thus, for this expansion in new country there are a variety of options for the companies to increase their area of options. Some of the options available for Rio Tinto are as follows- Merger and acquisition- This is a method in which company try to either merge with domestic country or try to acquire the same under its name. in merger the two companies combine together and try to create a new company and acquisition is the takeover of one company by another company. Both these merger and acquisition can take place in many different types such as by purchasing the assets of another company or by purchasing the shares of the company. The merger and acquisition are a good method of market entry because this provides the advantage of economies of scale. This is majorly because of the reason that when two companies combine together their assets and power is also added and this provides the benefit of economies of scale (Banerjee, 2017). Also, this help the company in getting a pre- established market and consumer base with help of this merger or acquisition. Advantages The major advantage of this method is that it is cost efficient as both the companies will merge their assets and this will increase their value Another advantage is that both the company will enjoy competitive advantage over other competitors as the market share of both companies will combine and it will be high (Fuad and Sinha, 2018). Disadvantages Sometimes the merger and acquisition can also result in diseconomies of scale because of increase in the size of business. Another disadvantage is that there might be loss in productivity of companies because the business is not able to handle the business after merger (Salop and Culley, 2017). Joint venture- This is another option through which the company can enter into the international market. This is a method under which one company joins hand with another company for a specific purpose or aim. As and when the aims or motive is being achieved the 8
venture comes to an end and both the companies separate form one another (McDONALD, 2016). This is a method through which domestic country join hand with some company in another country for a specific purpose and as the purpose is accomplished the project comes to an end. Here both the companies agree to pool together all their resources and assets and try to increase their working capacity for accomplishing the common aim of both the company. In contract of joint venture, both the companies fix their ratios in which they will be sharing the profits and losses to be incurred. The major reason for using this as a market entry mode is that with this cost is saved to a great extent. This is because of the fact that both the companies contribute their resources and this will assist both companies in reducing their cost. Advantages Major advantage is that this help companies in sharing all risk and liability of running the venture (Yue, Minh and Xiao, 2019). Another advantage is that as the project objective is achieved the venture comes to an end and this saves cost of operating combine. Disadvantages There might be possibility that the communication among both the parties may not be clear and the resources are not distributed in proper manner. Another limitation is that there are many contractual limitations which might bring risk and create problem in the venture (Shelar and Konnur, 2017). Foreign direct investment- This is yet another method of entry to a new market or country. Under this method the company entering into the new international market enter with help of investing a huge amount in the business of that country. This method is more suitable when the size of company is very large or operate at the large scale of business (OECD, 2016). The major reason for choosing this entry mode is that the company gets the right to have control over the operations of the company in which they have invested the huge amount of money. This is because of the fact that with help of investment the company gets control over the working of the other company and they need to work according to the requirements of the company which has invested the amount at large. Advantages The major advantage is that this promotes easy international trade and this is beneficial for the company to a great extent (Crotty, Driffield and Jones, 2016). 9
Another advantage is that this will boost employment within the economy and this will increase the level of economy. Disadvantages This demotes the domestic investment and this result in loss for the domestic companies. There might be political risk in the foreign direct investment and this may hamper the investment (Chauhan and Kumar, 2019). With the help of above discussion, it is clear that for company to go global it is very necessary that the company uses correct method of entry. For Rio Tinto it is advisable to go for the option of merger and acquisition for entering into South Africa with the product of gold. This is majorly because of the reason that by merging with another company the investment of setting up new company in South Africa. Thus, this will lower down the investment money of company in establishing a new setup in South Africa. Market segmentation The method of STP is a method through which the company decides for their target consumers and the different segment of society which they will be targeting (Moutinho and Vargas-Sanchez, eds., 2018). This is majorly because of the reason that if the consumers are divided then it is possible for company to understand that which set of consumers is more important for the company. Hence, when Rio Tinto will go and expand its operations in South Africathenthismethodofmarketsegmentingandtargetingwillassistcompanyin acknowledging that whether it will success in new country or not. The model of STP includes three different stages that is segmenting, targeting and positioning which are discussed as follows for Rio Tinto- Segmentation- The segmentation is being defined as the process through which the company divides all its consumers in accordance with their common characteristics. For instance, the consumers can be divided on basis of demographics, behaviour, geographic or psychographic segmentation (David, David and David, 2017). In demographic segmentation the common characteristics are like gender, age, income status, education, occupation and others. The geographic segment is the one wherein the consumers are divided on basis of area in which they operate. For Rio Tinto at time of going in South Africa the will prefer the segment of geographic and segmentation done on basis of occupation in demographic. For the segment Rio 10
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Tinto focuses on industrial segment because the industries will only be interested gold mining and extraction. Figure: segmentation (Source:Market segmentation basis, 2020) Targeting-After the segmenting of consumers on basis of common characteristics some target from them are also selected. The target is defined as the person or thing which is being focused. In model of STP the target is the consumer set which is being majorly targeted in order to sell the product or services. The target is the person for whom the product or service is being planned or initiated for the success of company (Kim, Shin and Min, 2016). For entering in South Africa, Rio Tinto has to majorly target the companies which are having similar operation relating to the company that is mining of metals and precious stones. Thus, the major target of Rio Tinto in South Africa is the companies which operates in mining and extraction of iron, gold, copper, aluminium, diamond and other related metals and stones. Positioning-This is a strategy which is being used to position the brand or the product in front of the target market. This is majorly because of the reason that if the product and services are not properly positioned among the consumers then they will not have proper knowledge relating to the product. Thus, they will not increase the popularity of the product and the consumers will not get the proper knowledge of the product and services of the company. Thus, for this Rio Tinto needs to position the product and services in front of consumers in such a way that it attracts the consumers to a great extent (Josephson, Johnson and Mariadoss, 2016). Thus, for this it is essential for Rio Tinto to provide the products of extreme high quality so that the 11
consumers like the products and use it to a great extent. Here the target is the industries which uses the metals and stones which are extracted and mined by Rio Tinto. Porter generic strategy This is a strategy which is being used by the companies in order to in order to ascertain that which strategy is better for the company and its development. This strategy helps the companies in gaining and developing competitive advantage of the companies over the other companies (Julita Julita and Si, 2019). The competitive advantage is the benefit which the company can enjoy over and above their competitors that is companies who are dealing in similar products. This model of Porter generic strategy includes three different type of strategy that is cost, differentiation and focus strategy. Figure: Porter Generic strategy (Source:Porter model of generic strategies for competitive advantage, 2018) Cost leadership- This is a strategy in which the major objective of company is to become a low- cost producer in the whole industry. This is majorly because of the reason that when the company will be providing products and services at low cost then it will be beneficial for the company as consumer will be attracted to a great extent. The major reason underlying the fact is that if Rio Tinto will provide the product in South Africa at cost lower then the existing companies then the consumer will get attracted towards Rio Tinto to a great extent (Porter generic (competitive) strategies, 2019). 12
Differentiation- This is another strategy under the Porter generic model which states the company must focus on producing goods and services which offers unique quality to the consumers. The main focus of the company in opting for the differentiation strategy is that these unique features of the product will influence the consumer to pay a premium price as well of the product. Thus, this will increase the profitability of the company and will add to the income of the company and also the number of consumers will increase (Jakubzick, Randolph and Henson, 2017). The use of differentiation strategy will assist the company in doing proper research in the market so that if any change is being witnessed then it can be added in the product range of company. Thus, this will require a highly skilled and active workforce because if the employees will not be working actively than the changes will not be adapted in proper manner and no differentiation will be focused. Focus strategy- This is yet another strategy under the Porter generic strategy model which mainly focuses on the narrowing the segment of consumers and in that either focus on cost advantage or the differentiation. The company is going for focus strategy then they have the better loyal consumer because the consumer segment is smaller (Abratt and Bendixen, 2018). Under this company either focus on cost or on differentiation focus. This is majorly because of the reason that both cannot be focused together. It is so because of the reason that if company goes for differentiation then automatically its cost increases and this neglect the cost focus strategy. On the other hand, if the cost focus is used then company cannot go for differentiation because if it will go for differentiation then cost will increase. It is pertaining to the fact that differentiationincludesheavy marketresearch expenses and hiring of expert and skilled employees and will add on to the cost of producing the goods. Thus, it is advisable for Rio Tinto to take into consideration the strategy of cost leadership. The major reason underlying this fact is that focusing on reducing the cost will increase the consumers. Also, the company is entering into a new market of South Africa and low cost will attract more of the consumers. As and when the company penetrates in the new market it can raise its cost and earn more profits. CONCLUSION In the end form the above study it can be summarised that strategic marketing is very useful for the company because it helps in planning for marketing of the product and services of company. Thus, the present report focused on a company which is planning to star its operation 13
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in South Africa. Hence, for analysing the opportunities ad threats present in market of South Africa PESTLE analysis was used (Kirova, 2017). Thereafter the mode through which Rio Tinto can expand in new country was discussed and it was outlined that merger and acquisition is the best method for expanding internationally. Further, the model of STP was used to decide the segment and target of consumer and the segment was industrial sector and target was companies dealing in iron, aluminium and other metals. In the end the strategy for gaining competitive advantage was selected and it was cost leadership. 14
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