Organizational Change and Development in Management Systems

This article discusses the application of the Kurt Lewin model in healthcare and its role in promoting organizational change. It explores the steps involved in implementing change and the benefits of using the model. The article also highlights the importance of understanding resistance and the behavior of individuals in the change process.

Final Project Worksheet:
Organizational Change and
Development
in Management Systems
MGT
616

DIRECTIONS ON USING THE WORKSHEET
The Worksheet is designed for learners to use as a running journal cataloguing their understanding of
the research. A separate workbook is used to catalogue understanding of the textbook to be used as an
additional resource for the final project. Each Section contains reflection questions related to the
assigned reading, which the learner must complete.
The course annotated bibliography assignments may be found after Units 2, 4, and 6 (in this Worksheet).
Further, the completed Worksheet is due during the final week of the course.
Revising Your Work
Please revise your writing as you complete the Worksheet. You should:
 Ensure your writing remains concise.
 Make sure that what you said is worth saying, what you wanted to say, and whether a reader
will understand what you are saying.
 Ask yourself whether your writing is relevant to the prompt or question.
Make sure you create the best Worksheet possible, ensure its readability, and transform it into a tool for
future classes and examinations.
Note: In some instances the articles may no longer be available. In that case,
locate an article in the LIRN that appears to address a similar topic and substitute
that article. Make a note in your paper to your instructor to let them know which
article you changed.
Important Due Dates and the Purpose of the Assignment
This assignment requires two separate submissions:
End of Week 6. Submit the Final Project Worksheet.
End of Week 6. Submit the completed essay with annotated references.
The purpose of this assignment is to analyze three journal articles every two weeks so as to address the
writing prompt. Further, you will gain experience in breaking apart journal articles into their
components, uncovering the nature of discourse oft encountered in articles, and figuring how both
shape the development of the topic covered by the articles. It is critical to remain mindful that you will
analyze three articles participating in a much larger academic conversation!
The Analysis Guide
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Your goal as an analytical essay writer is to break down the selected journal articles into components
useful for addressing the writing prompt. The guiding principle for this assignment is to adhere to the
prompt. You will be assessed on how well you communicate an analysis of the articles to a receptive
audience wanting to understand how the components connect and address the writing prompt.
Remember that only essays adhering to the prompt may obtain high marks.
Prepare Yourself as a Writer
As an aspiring analyst, you should engage a process allowing you to complete the Analysis Worksheet
while preparing to draft the analytical essay. Thus, before dashing into the assignment, you should:
 Break down the writing prompt into a checklist of goals necessary for successfully
completing the assignment.
 Find your weak spot. (A little more on this later!)
 Review, process, and submit the Analysis Worksheet on time as to obtain feedback.
 Brainstorm and outline the analytical essay using the feedback from the graded Analysis
Worksheet and your reading notes.
 Draft and revise the analytical essay before submitting it.
Remember, planning is a key to success. Make sure to have a schedule and do your best to stick with it!
Find Your Weak Spots
Jung once commented, “Until you make the unconscious conscious, it will direct your life, and you will
call it fate.” His words ring true aspiring writer unaware of and guided by their weaknesses. Thus, it is
important to uncover your weak spots and transform them into strengths benefiting your writing.
Transforming weakness into strength is an introspective effort requiring honesty while reading an
article. For example, if you find yourself:
 ...encountering terms and phrases you do not know, then it would be smart to look them
up.
 ...unable able to articulate the purpose of an article after reading it, then it would be a good
idea to Tackle the Analysis. (More on this in a moment.)
 ...struggling to recall noteworthy ideas appearing within the article, then it would be handy
to make margin notes, reading notes, and highlights of key concepts and terms.
 ...unable to formulate inferences after reading, then ask whether you read carefully enough!
The most significant action leading to the transformation of weakness to strength is being honest with
yourself when facing a challenge. Being honest with yourself may result in a feeling of being
overwhelmed. However, that is a good sign because you are acknowledging weaknesses and working on
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transforming them into knowledge supporting your role as a successful analyst. Take a few moments
and scan one of the articles as to find your weak spots. Then, immediately afterward, work on resolving
them into useful knowledge!
Tackle the Analysis
The analysis is simply not a set of steps to follow—it is an experience in which you will develop a
strategy suited for writing analytical essays. If you are new to analysis, then you should start by Working
the Prompt:
 Invest 5-10 minutes into carefully reading the prompt. Make sure you can articulate the
goals required to address the prompt. If you have questions, be sure to ask for help!
 Highlight essential terms and elements appearing within the prompt. It is important to
identify and understand the essence of the prompt and what it offers your analysis efforts.
Essential elements often include things such as: (a) titles; (b) publication dates; (c)
disciplines; and (d) the intentions of prompt.
The above activities should help you grasp the goals of your analytical essay. Now it is time to sit down
and work through the following activities for each article:
 Read the abstract and highlight the: (a) purpose; (b) method; and (c) findings of the study.
 Scan the article as to get a gist of the study and skip what you do not immediately
understand.
 Reread the article and use margin notes and highlights to help you mark important
information. Make sure you understand the elements you ignored while scanning the
article.
 Confirm that the highlights and margin notes help you see the content, utility, and value of
the article.
 Cluster highlighted segments and margins into groups sharing a common theme or idea. For
example, if you have a subset of margin notes all sharing a theme such as the struggles
faced by entrepreneurs in deregulated markets, then you may wish to lump them into a
single theme.
 Draw a picture relating themes, highlighted elements, and margin notes as to show
potential relationships.
Highlights and margin notes are important because they serve as reminders and help organize your
reading notes into themes. In turn, the themes may help organize your analytical essay and crystallize
your understanding of the articles.
UNITS ONE AND TWO ASSIGNMENT
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The assignment is to respond to the questions regarding three selected peer-reviewed journal articles.
The Writing Prompt
Buonocore (2004), Sutherland (2013), and Burnes (2004) offered diverging insights into the nature and
utilization of Lewin’s Change Management Theory. Although Buonocore, Sutherland, and Burnes
subscribe to the utility of Lewin’s theory for promoting organizational change, each express support
and concerns regarding Lewin’s theory. Your goal is to analyze, differentiate, and compare the
components (or themes) shaping Buonocore’s, Sutherland’s, and Burnes’ perspectives regarding the
utility of Lewin’s theory.
The articles are:
 Buonocore, D. (2004). Leadership in action: Creating a Change in Practice. AACN Clinical Issues,
15(2), 170-181. Retrieved from https://goo.gl/qdX97I
 Sutherland, K. (2013). Applying Lewin’s Change Management Theory to the Implementation of
Bar-Coded Medication Administration. Retrieved from https://goo.gl/rlpNSp
 Burnes, B. (2004). Kurt Lewin and the Planned Approach to Change: A Re-appraisal. Retrieved
from https://goo.gl/LEqULt
Important Due Dates and the Purpose of the Assignment
DUE DATE: This entire Worksheet is due in Unit 6. You will use the research you
conduct to complete the Final Project that is also due in Unit 6.
The purpose of this assignment is to analyze three journal articles. You will gain experience in breaking
apart journal articles into their components, uncovering the nature of discourse oft encountered in
articles, and figuring how both shape the development of the topic covered by the articles. It is critical
to remain mindful that you will analyze three articles participating in a much larger academic
conversation!
First Article
Question 1. What is the APA formatted reference for the article?
APA 6th formatting is used
Question 2. What is the purpose of the article? Use less than 50 words for your answer.
The main purpose of the article is to apply the Kurt Lewin model in the present healthcare scenario and
help the APN’S in carrying out various technological changes by applying the various stages and will
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help in this sectors to improve the performance.
Question 3. What is the subject, or topic, of the article? Use less than 50 words for your answer.
The main topic of discussion for this article is to help the APN’s in carrying out change by following
various steps of the Kurt Lewin Model because by adopting the same they can response to the changes
talking placed in the environment.
Question 4. Using one sentence, create a thesis statement for the article.
The aim of the study is to understand the importance of Kurt Lewin model of change management.
Question 5. Find three points made within the article supporting the thesis statement. Use less than 50
words per point.
The author has shown the importance in the Kurt lewin’s change management, in the study where he
says that to understand the resistance the force field analysis is important,
positive result can help to reinforce the change activities and people are less likely to resist it and
this model helps in understanding the behavior of the nurses and to change it for improvement by
identifying the structure.
Question 6. What are the social, historical, and personal contexts appearing in the article? Use less
than 100 words for your answer.
The historical context of this article is that traditional methods of medications were used by various
members of the healthcare sector.
The social context is that many patients of the healthcare sectors have died due to lack of modern
technological treatment.
Personal context is that without managing change and without change no businesses’ can survive and
people need to understand the steps of the Kurt Lewin model in order to implement the change.
Question 7. What is the tone taken by the researcher while discussion the topic? Use less than 50
words for your answer.
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A formal tone has been used by the author in the article because the article is related to the medical
field. The author has used various facts that prove his focus of study.
Question 8. How did the researcher develop the article’s flow? Use less than 50 words for your answer.
The author has developed the articles flow in the form of- discussion on the barriers of the company,
the change theory has been discussed by the author, then diagnosing of the problem, overcoming
resistance and developing solutions.
Writing Activity. An annotated reference is the composition of a reference followed by approximately
100-250 words describing the reference. The purpose of the annotation is to serve as a reminder of the
content, nature, and utility of an article.
Here is an example annotated reference
Waite, L. J., & Witsberger, F. K. (1986). Nonfamily living and the erosion of traditional family
orientations among young adults. American Sociological Review, 51(4), 541-554.
The authors, researchers at the Rand Corporation and Brown University, use data from the
National Longitudinal Surveys of Young Women and Young Men to test their hypothesis that
nonfamily living by young adults alters their attitudes, values, plans, and expectations, moving
them away from their belief in traditional sex roles. They find their hypothesis strongly
supported in young females while the effects were fewer in studies of young males. Increasing
the time away from parents before marrying increased individualism, self-sufficiency, and
changes in attitudes about families. In contrast, an earlier study by Williams cited below shows
no significant gender differences in sex role attitudes as a result of nonfamily living.
Using the responses for Questions 1-8, provide an annotated reference for the article:
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Changes in the care methods of the health care field, new technologies and new therapies are
continuously being developed on a daily basis. The main responsibility to adapt to these changes in the
health care by developing the necessary skills to identify the changes and properly evaluate the same,
depends upon nursing leaders or the APNs. By properly analyzing the systems of the organization in
which the APN is working will help him in implementing various change strategies effectively through
selection of various plans. The main objective of this study is to focus on the role of the APN’s in
carrying out changes effectively and the steps that are taken by them in order to carry out the changes.
The APN’s can actually act as a change agent for adapting to the changes according to the changes in
the environment of the health care industry.
Second Article
Question 1. What is the APA formatted reference for the article?
APA 6th formatting is used.
Question 2. What is the purpose of the article? Use less than 50 words for your answer.
The main objective of the article is to reduce the resistances of the nurses to adapting to new barcode
medication through the use of the Kurt Lewin Model.
Question 3. What is the subject, or topic, of the article? Use less than 50 words for your answer.
The main subject of the article deals with defining how the Kurt lewin model can help to carry out the
change and manage the change in the organization/ or any other fields.
Question 4. Using one sentence, create a thesis statement for the article.
Managing change using Kurt lewin model adapting to barcode medication in the healthcare field
Question 5. Find three points made within the article supporting the thesis statement. Use less than 50
words per point.
It was seen that the mortality rates due to error of medication was highest in the US
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Bar code medications lessen the chances of errors
In order to manage the nurses resistance to change the Kurt Lewin model needs to be used.
Question 6. What are the social, historical, and personal contexts appearing in the article? Use less
than 100 words for your answer.
The social contexts are that most of the patients are dying due to lack of proper treatment and these
patients could be saved with the help of the modern techniques.
Historical context involves the emotional, social and psychological acceptance of traditional models by
nurses while carrying out operations
Personal context is the explanation of how the nurses can become adaptable to the modern
technique’s using the kurt lewin model
Question 7. What is the tone taken by the researcher while discussion the topic? Use less than 50
words for your answer.
Since the article is talking about a profession so a formal tone is used in the article and not a
conversational style.
Question 8. How did the researcher develop the article’s flow? Use less than 50 words for your answer.
The article is majorly divided into the importance of bar coding, change management, understanding
the Kurt Lewins model of change management, application of the change management model and a
conclusion.
Writing Activity. Using the responses for Questions 1-8, provide an annotated reference for the article:
In this study, the author discusses about the changes that are being brought into the healthcare
segment and problems that the nurses are facing due to technological advancements and devices that
are computer assisted. Nurses face a problems with adapting these techniques because they have been
carrying out the their activities using the traditional methods and now they are facing many problems
regarding application of these modern technique’s. Therefore the main purpose of this study is to
make use of the Kurt Lewin model for carrying out the barcode medications technique’s in the
psychiatric facility without much resistance from the nurses. The study has discussed about how the
nurses can be engaged in this task of the BCMA by involving them in the implementation and the
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planning process as these will help in creating a sense of autonomy of the project and will help to
achieve the goals. A brainstorming activity can be carried out in the first round of solving the change
management issues such that the main problem faced by the nurses can be identified and the second
step is to improve the efficiency in operations by addressing these problems. The author has also
focused on using the Kurt Lewin model to reduce the resistance by various people through creation of
a proper plan and engaging people into it through active participation.
Third Article
Question 1. What is the APA formatted reference for the article?
APA formatted used in this article is APA 6th
Question 2. What is the purpose of the article? Use less than 50 words for your answer.
The main purpose of the article is to re-examine the model of Kurt Lewin and argue the validation of
the negative comments against the model.
Question 3. What is the subject, or topic, of the article? Use less than 50 words for your answer.
The main theme that is used in the article supports the facts that despite receiving all the criticism, the
Kurt Lewin model is applicable in the contemporary world.
Question 4. Using one sentence, create a thesis statement for the article.
Kurt Lewin model is applicable to the present world irrespective of the criticism received.
Question 5. Find three points made within the article supporting the thesis statement. Use less than 50
words per point.
There are various criticism related to the model such as it is too simplistic or it assumes that the state
of the organization is stable
The modern literature is of the view that the Kurt lewin model is still the best model for carrying out
change
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The nature of the work helps to carry out a re-examination of the change model
Question 6. What are the social, historical, and personal contexts appearing in the article? Use less
than 100 words for your answer.
The social context of the article is that the theory is applicable and used in most of the present
organizations for carrying out change
The historical perspective is that various others researches has been carried out for analyzing the
effectiveness of the Kurt Lewin model
The personal context includes the importance of the using Kurt Lewin model in order to manage
changes
Question 7. What is the tone taken by the researcher while discussion the topic? Use less than 50
words for your answer.
A formal tone is used for the paper since the study discusses about healthcare profession
Question 8. How did the researcher develop the article’s flow? Use less than 50 words for your answer.
The article is divided into three main parts such as the background, the main parts of Kurt Lewins
theory and a concluding statements
Writing Activity. Using the responses for Questions 1-8, provide an annotated reference for the article:
Kurt lewin’s theory has been followed in many organization over the last forty years for addressing
issues related to change and management of change. However in the last 20 years his theory and
models have been criticized for various reasons like some critiques said that his models are mechanistic
and simple as compared to the world that is dynamics. Among the criticism the major critic had been
got the three step model of Kurt lewin. Some of the major criticisms related to his work is that he
assumes the existence of organizations in a stable state. His methods were management driven and
followed the top-down style of management decisions and his theories and models neglected the
power and politics of the organization. Through this study, the author tries to re-examine the work of
Kurt lewin and challenges the current views of criticisms against the company. The article is divided
into three main parts – a background about the Kurt Lewin theory, the second part is related to deep
analysis of his actions research, group’s dynamics, three step model and the action research model.
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The third part involves the conclusion that argues that though his theory and models have been
criticized still they have applicability in the present generation. The main purpose of the article is to re-
examine the work of Kurt lewin irrespective of the criticism and to challenge the views and arguments
against Kurt lewin’s theory and models
UNITS THREE AND FOUR ASSIGNMENT
The assignment is to analyze three selected peer-reviewed journal articles.
The Analysis Prompt
Dobbs (1996), Taylor and Pierce (1999) and Bommer et al. (2005) provided broad perspectives
regarding mechanisms influencing attitudes, behaviors, and beliefs within an organization. Further,
when taken in unison, the three articles also offer insight into the operationalization and analysis of
attitudes, behaviors, and beliefs operating within an organization. Your goal is to analyze, differentiate,
and compare the components (or themes) shaping the three articles as to gain an appreciation of a few
dimensions of behavioral changes within an organization.
The articles are:
 Dobbs, M. (1996). Managing diversity: lessons from the private sector. Retrieved from
https://goo.gl/rypNQt
 Taylor, P., & Pierce, J. (1999) Effects of Introducing A Performance Management System on
Employees' Subsequent Attitudes and Effort. Retrieved from https://goo.gl/DDXiQE
 Feng, C., Huang, X., & Zhang, L. (2016). A multilevel study of transformational leadership, dual
organizational change and innovative behavior in groups. Journal of Organizational Change
Management, 29(6), 855-877. Retrieved from Proquest. OR you may choose
 Hechanova, R. M., & Cementina-olpoc, R. (2013). Transformational leadership, change
management, and commitment to change: A comparison of academic and business
organizations. The Asia - Pacific Education Researcher, 22(1), 11-19.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40299-012-0019-z
First Article
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Question 1. What is the APA formatted reference for the article?
APA 6th is formatting is used
Question 2. What is the purpose of the article? Use less than 50 words for your answer.
The main purpose of the article is to explain the importance of the workforce diversity and the
initiatives taken for managing workforce properly.
Question 3. What is the subject, or topic, of the article? Use less than 50 words for your answer.
The main theme if the article is to discuss about the benefits of the workforce diversity and the
activities undertaken by a private sector to manage the same.
Question 4. Using one sentence, create a thesis statement for the article.
The main focus of the article is on managing workforce diversity properly by private organizations
Question 5. Find three points made within the article supporting the thesis statement. Use less than 50
words per point.
The US companies are now focusing on employing workforce with all types of diversity
Organizations are using various processes to attract and retain a diverse workforce
Comparison of the methods undertaken by the public company and the private companies for the
same purpose.
Question 6. What are the social, historical, and personal contexts appearing in the article? Use less
than 100 words for your answer.
Social perspective is that the organization is benefitted by using diversity of workforce
The historical perspective of the same discusses that earlier these types of workforces were not
maintained because of the fear of difficulty of management
The personal context includes the importance of diverse workforce due to the benefits associated with
the same
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Question 7. What is the tone taken by the researcher while discussion the topic? Use less than 50
words for your answer.
An optimistic tone is used throughout the article as the entire article is aimed at explaining and
discussing the benefits of the diverse workforce.
Question 8. How did the researcher develop the article’s flow? Use less than 50 words for your answer.
The article is divided into different parts to understand the thesis statement of the article and discusses
about the present scenario of the US workforce, the techniques applied by different organizations for
this purpose and the techniques applied by the private organization as against the public organization.
Writing Activity. An annotated reference is the composition of a reference followed by approximately
100-250 words describing the reference. The purpose of the annotation is to serve as a reminder of the
content, nature, and utility of an article.
Here is an example annotated reference
Waite, L. J., & Witsberger, F. K. (1986). Nonfamily living and the erosion of traditional family
orientations among young adults. American Sociological Review, 51(4), 541-554.
The authors, researchers at the Rand Corporation and Brown University, use data from the
National Longitudinal Surveys of Young Women and Young Men to test their hypothesis that
nonfamily living by young adults alters their attitudes, values, plans, and expectations, moving
them away from their belief in traditional sex roles. They find their hypothesis strongly
supported in young females while the effects were fewer in studies of young males. Increasing
the time away from parents before marrying increased individualism, self-sufficiency, and
changes in attitudes about families. In contrast, an earlier study by Williams cited below shows
no significant gender differences in sex role attitudes as a result of nonfamily living.
Using the responses for Questions 1-8, provide an annotated reference for the article:
Dobbs, M. (1996). Managing diversity: lessons from the private sector. Retrieved from
https://goo.gl/rypNQt
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The author and the researcher’s of the article, have used various data to gather information about the
present diversity of the workforce, the strategies’ adopted by the organization to carry out the process
of attracting and retaining a diversified workforce and the strategies’ adopted by the private sectors as
against the public sectors to maintain a diverse workforce .
Second Article
Question 1. What is the APA formatted reference for the article?
APA 6th edition is the formatting of this article.
Question 2. What is the purpose of the article? Use less than 50 words for your answer.
The main purpose of the article is to see the impact of performance management systems on the
attitude of the employees of an organization
Question 3. What is the subject, or topic, of the article? Use less than 50 words for your answer.
The main theme of the paper is to see how establishment of performances management system’s
affect the attitude of the employees and the impact the same has on the performances of the
organization
Question 4. Using one sentence, create a thesis statement for the article.
Impact of Performance Management System(PMS) on the attitude of the employees of the
organization
Question 5. Find three points made within the article supporting the thesis statement. Use less than 50
words per point.
PMS system resulted in higher and better performance of the employees than before the PMS system
was established
Even when the performance of the employees decreased it was not less than the performance before
introduction of the POMS in the organization and the relationship between the employees and the
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supervisors improved
The high performers had a different attitude towards the supervision in the PMS and this affected their
attitude towards work and affected their performance
Question 6. What are the social, historical, and personal contexts appearing in the article? Use less
than 100 words for your answer.
The social context is that the introduction of PMS system had positively affected the attitude of the
employees towards their work and improved their performance
The historical context is that prior to the introduction of the performance system the employees were
not satisfied in their jobs and they have a negative attitude towards the work.
The personal context is that the employees attitude and performance had improved after the
introduced and their relationship with the supervisors also improved.
Question 7. What is the tone taken by the researcher while discussion the topic? Use less than 50
words for your answer.
A formal tone has been used in the article because he is very serious about the topic and this tone is
used when an author wants to educate other people
Question 8. How did the researcher develop the article’s flow? Use less than 50 words for your answer.
The author developed the article in such a way that the author shows the scenario prior to the
introduction to the PMS and the problems that were being faced by the employees before introduction
of the same. The author has shown how the employees performance improved and their relationship
and their attitude towards work improved. He has also explained that the high performance attitude
towards work is affected by the supervision levels that are used in the PMS.
Writing Activity. Using the responses for Questions 1-8, provide an annotated reference for the article:
Taylor, P., & Pierce, J. (1999) Effects of Introducing A Performance Management System on Employees'
Subsequent Attitudes and Effort. Retrieved from https://goo.gl/DDXiQE
The aim of the study is to see the impact of the introduction of Performance management subsystem
on the employees work and their attitude. Prior to the introduction of the system, the employees were
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not satisfied by the remuneration they were getting and felt demotivated towards their work. There
were many complaints related to work and the remuneration system and the relationship of the
employees with the superiors was not so good for this reason. After the introduction Of the PMS it was
seen that the employees’ performance improved and their attitude towards work also improved. The
author has also highlighted the fact that the performance rating selected for the employees is also
criticized by the employees.
Third Article
Question 1. What is the APA formatted reference for the article?
APA 6th formatting is the style of formatting for the article
Question 2. What is the purpose of the article? Use less than 50 words for your answer.
The main aim of the article is to focus on the difference in the leadership style between academic field
and business organizations and the commitment towards change by both the leader’s that had carried
out transformation of organization recently.
Question 3. What is the subject, or topic, of the article? Use less than 50 words for your answer.
The theme of the paper is that there is difference in the type of leadership between the leaders of
academic fields and the leader’s of the business organization. There is also a difference between how
they are perceived by the followers.
Question 4. Using one sentence, create a thesis statement for the article.
Difference in transformational leadership for the academic field and the business organization.
Question 5. Find three points made within the article supporting the thesis statement. Use less than 50
words per point.
Various surveys were conducted to prove the thesis statement and the feedback was kept as evidence.
Academic followers gave a high rating to their leader’s as compared to the organizational followers in
terms of the sharing vision , encouraging the, sharing the status quo and others.
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The leaders of the academic fields gave more support to the followers during the change as compared
to the organizational leader’s.
Question 6. What are the social, historical, and personal contexts appearing in the article? Use less
than 100 words for your answer.
The social perspective is that the academic leader’s were more supportive towards their followers and
they believe in sharing vision and showed other leaderships qualities
The historical context is that earlier the organizational leader’s were considered as a more idolized
leaders as compared to any other larders.
The personal perspective is that academic leader’s are much better than the organizational leaders in
terms transformational leadership and for providing support during the change process.
Question 7. What is the tone taken by the researcher while discussion the topic? Use less than 50
words for your answer.
The tone used in this article is a formal tone.
Question 8. How did the researcher develop the article’s flow? Use less than 50 words for your answer.
The article shows the main differences in the transformational leadership on the basis of a survey
conducted between the employees of the organization and the people involved the academic field, the
second art discusses how the academic leader’s are better than the organizational leader’s. the appear
also highlighted the difference between in the leader’s influence and commitment to change
Writing Activity. Using the responses for Questions 1-8, provide an annotated reference for the article:
Hechanova, R. M., & Cementina-olpoc, R. (2013). Transformational leadership, change management,
and commitment to change: A comparison of academic and business organizations. The Asia - Pacific
Education Researcher, 22(1), 11-19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40299-012-0019-z
The main purpose of the article is to show the differences in the transformational leadership between
leader’s of different fields and the paper also highlights the differences in the leader’s influence and
their commitment to change. For gathering these information a survey was conducted with the
employees of the academic Field and the employees of the organization. The results showed the
difference in rating between the employees if the organization and the employees of the academic
fields. The rating showed that the leader’s of the academic field gave more importance to sharing of
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vision and these leader’s were ready to challenge their status quo.
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UNITS FIVE AND SIX ASSIGNMENT
As with weeks prior, scroll below the instructions for the three articles and the analysis prompt.
FINAL PROJECT INSTRUCTIONS
The Final Project is to create a 12-14 page analysis as follows:
The final research paper should be 12 – 14 pages long; (a) cover page; (b) 8 pages of evidence,
discussion, and argument; (c) 1 – 2 pages of references; and (d) 2-3 pages containing three annotated
bibliographies..
• Use 1 web source (news article, white paper, or company publication) that gives evidence to the
focus of your paper.
• Incorporate the 3 peer-reviewed articles used for the annotated bibliographies into the paper.
• Include a summary of key points.
The assignment is to create a 12-14 page analysis utilizing the three selected peer-reviewed journal
articles in the writing prompt. You should strive to produce an analytical essay addressing the writing
prompt.
For example: What is the research question for analysis?
Three perspectives on practices to achieve organizational sustainability.
The Writing Prompt
Bauer et al. (2012), Closs et al. (2011), and Linnenluecke and Griffiths (2009) presented different
aspects of organizational sustainability. No matter the presented aspect, we must accept the fact that
sustainability is an innately complex goal leading to competitiveness. Your goal is to analyze,
differentiate, and compare the components (or themes) shaping the three articles as to gain an
appreciation of sustainability.
The articles are:
 Langwell, C. (2013). Using human resource activities to implement sustainability in small and
medium-sized organizations (Order No. 3563427). Available from ABI/INFORM Collection.
(1399596528). Retrieved from Proquest.
 Closs, D., Speier, C., & Meacham, N. (2011). Sustainability to support end-to-end value chains:
the role of supply chain management. Retrieved from https://goo.gl/aUzhsY
 Epstein, M. J., Buhovac, A. R., & Yuthas, K. (2010). Implementing sustainability: THE ROLE OF
LEADERSHIP AND ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE. Strategic Finance, 91(10), 41-47. Retrieved from
Proquest.
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First Article
Question 1. What is the APA formatted reference for the article?
APA 6th edition of formatting is used for the article.
Question 2. What is the purpose of the article? Use less than 50 words for your answer.
The main purpose of this article is to understand the process of sustainability implementation for small
to large scale enterprises
Question 3. What is the subject, or topic, of the article? Use less than 50 words for your answer.
The article mainly discusses about the importance of implementation of sustainability for the
organizations. Sustainability helps in properly utilizing the resources in order to reduce the impact of
the organization on the environment and for becoming sustainable
Question 4. Using one sentence, create a thesis statement for the article.
Sustainability for the present generation organizations.
Question 5. Find three points made within the article supporting the thesis statement. Use less than 50
words per point.
The qualitative data collected proves the point that the organizations are using different techniques to
carry out sustainability within their organization.
The literature review aims at providing guidelines for utilizing the human resource in such way as to
carry out the activities of sustainability within the organization.
Sustainability circles help in carrying out various meting for the purpose of training to reduce the
energy consumption and others.
Question 6. What are the social, historical, and personal contexts appearing in the article? Use less
than 100 words for your answer.
The social context is that sustainable organizations can help in improving the image of the organization
on the society.
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The historical context is that the companies earlier did not give so much of importance to sustainability
The personal context is that sustainability activities within an organization can help a company in
improving its image and can help the company to exist for long period of time.
Question 7. What is the tone taken by the researcher while discussion the topic? Use less than 50
words for your answer.
The tone selected in this article is that of formal tone.
Question 8. How did the researcher develop the article’s flow? Use less than 50 words for your answer.
The article is divided into various parts for explaining the topic- there is a chapter on the literature of
the company, methodology used in the research, analysis of the outcomes of the research, future
research scope is shown by the author and the author has also shown how creative thinking leads to
sustainable practices of the organization.
Writing Activity. An annotated reference is the composition of a reference followed by approximately
100-250 words describing the reference. The purpose of the annotation is to serve as a reminder of the
content, nature, and utility of an article.
Here is an example annotated reference
Waite, L. J., & Witsberger, F. K. (1986). Nonfamily living and the erosion of traditional family
orientations among young adults. American Sociological Review, 51(4), 541-554.
The authors, researchers at the Rand Corporation and Brown University, use data from the
National Longitudinal Surveys of Young Women and Young Men to test their hypothesis that
nonfamily living by young adults alters their attitudes, values, plans, and expectations, moving
them away from their belief in traditional sex roles. They find their hypothesis strongly
supported in young females while the effects were fewer in studies of young males. Increasing
the time away from parents before marrying increased individualism, self-sufficiency, and
changes in attitudes about families. In contrast, an earlier study by Williams cited below shows
no significant gender differences in sex role attitudes as a result of nonfamily living.
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Using the responses for Questions 1-8, provide an annotated reference for the article:
Langwell, C. (2013). Using human resource activities to implement sustainability in small and medium-
sized organizations (Order No. 3563427). Available from ABI/INFORM Collection. (1399596528).
Retrieved from Proquest.
The main purpose of the article is to focus on the importance of sustainability activities of the
organization. This focus is related to related to environmentalism and business ethics. The values
chains of the organizations need to carry out their operation’s in a sustainable way to achieve
harmonious relationship with various stakeholders.
Second Article
Question 1. What is the APA formatted reference for the article?
APA 6th formatting is used in the article
Question 2. What is the purpose of the article? Use less than 50 words for your answer.
The main purpose of the article is to show the ethics and environmentalism in organization in order to
become sustainable.
Question 3. What is the subject, or topic, of the article? Use less than 50 words for your answer.
The article mainly focuses in the ways in which the sustainability of the organization can be improved
Question 4. Using one sentence, create a thesis statement for the article.
Sustainability of organization with the business ethics and environmentalism
Question 5. Find three points made within the article supporting the thesis statement. Use less than 50
words per point.
Value chains of the organizations must be aimed at providing sustainability in their actions to maintain
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harmonious relationships with the organizations.
The paper also identifies the different sustainability frameworks of the organizations and their
dimensions.
The paper identifies the different techniques used by the organization in order to become sustainable.
Question 6. What are the social, historical, and personal contexts appearing in the article? Use less
than 100 words for your answer.
The social perspective of the article is that a sustained organization has various benefits for its society
and its environment
The historical perspective is that different earlier organizations were confusing their philanthropic
activities with the Corporate social responsibility
The personal context of that in today’s worlds where there is fierce competition among various
organizations is there sustainability can act as an competitive advantage to a company.
Question 7. What is the tone taken by the researcher while discussion the topic? Use less than 50
words for your answer.
A formal tone is used in this study for the purpose of educating the audience
Question 8. How did the researcher develop the article’s flow? Use less than 50 words for your answer.
The article is divided into different parts such that showing the importance of the company to have a
supply chain that will help in maintaining good relationship with others, there are different
frameworks of sustainability and different dimensions are there for the same and the paper also
focuses on showing how different organizations are using these dimensions for the purpose of
implementing sustainability in the organization.
Writing Activity. Using the responses for Questions 1-8, provide an annotated reference for the article:
Closs, D., Speier, C., & Meacham, N. (2011). Sustainability to support end-to-end value chains: the role
of supply chain management. Retrieved from https://goo.gl/aUzhsY
The main aim of the paper is to study the importance of sustainability in relation to business ethics and
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environmentalism. Internet websites and public documents are used for the purpose of understanding
the dimensions of sustainability frame works used by the organization. The paper aims at improving
the supply chain management for the purpose of maintaining good harmonious relationship’s with the
various stakeholders.
Third Article
Question 1. What is the APA formatted reference for the article?
The article is formatted in the APA 6th edition style
Question 2. What is the purpose of the article? Use less than 50 words for your answer.
The main purpose of the article is to identify how organizations can become successful by overcoming
the challenge of implementing these strategies effectively
Question 3. What is the subject, or topic, of the article? Use less than 50 words for your answer.
The articles majorly discusses about the sustainable practices of the business that will help to achieve a
win-win situation for the company and for the environment and the society.
Question 4. Using one sentence, create a thesis statement for the article.
Importance of corporate sustainability for the organization’s
Question 5. Find three points made within the article supporting the thesis statement. Use less than 50
words per point.
The organizations responsibility and commitment towards environment and society needs to be
fulfilled properly and communicated to them
A win-win scenario can be created by preparing a proper organizational culture that will motivate the
employees towards carrying out their obligation effectively
The leaders can also help to improve the sustainability of the organization through supporting the
innovative ideas of its employees
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Question 6. What are the social, historical, and personal contexts appearing in the article? Use less
than 100 words for your answer.
The social context is that commitment and responsibility of the company towards the society and the
environments that needs to be communicated properly
The historical context includes
The personal context includes improving performance of an organization by fulfilling all its
commitment towards the society and the environment.
Question 7. What is the tone taken by the researcher while discussion the topic? Use less than 50
words for your answer.
A formal tone is used in the paper for improving the understanding of the audience related to the topic
of sustainability.
Question 8. How did the researcher develop the article’s flow? Use less than 50 words for your answer.
The article is divided into various parts for improving the understanding relayed to the concepts-
managing the concepts of the social, environmental and economic factors or the triple bottom line, the
role of leadership in carrying out sustainability practices of the organization, the role of the
organizational culture in determining the sustainability practices, the various techniques of
implementation including soft and hard techniques for the same and how to achieve a win-win
situation by carrying out proper sustainability activities.
Writing Activity. Using the responses for Questions 1-8, provide an annotated reference for the article:
Epstein, M. J., Buhovac, A. R., & Yuthas, K. (2010). Implementing sustainability: THE ROLE OF
LEADERSHIP AND ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE. Strategic Finance, 91(10), 41-47. Retrieved from
Proquest.
The main purpose of the article is to focus on the role of leaders, role of culture and the fulfilling the
commitment of the organization towards the environment and the society. The article also highlights
the various challenges faced by the companies in carrying out sustainability activities. The study shows
how good leadership can help in improving the sustainability of the organization through innovative
ideas, the organization needs to communicate its commitment effectively to the society and the
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environment. Thus study concludes with ways in which a company can achieve a win-win situation for
the environment.
Let’s Write!
Analytical essays contain an introduction, multiple body paragraphs, and a conclusion. You should
prewrite and outline as to prepare for writing. The following is an outline structure of an analytical
essay which you may develop into a suitable essay:
 An opening introductory paragraph: (a) identifying the relevant authors using in-text
citations; (b) stating the intended effect of the analytical essay; (c) providing a concise
summary of elements relating to the thesis statement; and (d) the thesis statement.
 Body paragraphs containing at least: (a) a topic sentence; (b) and introduction to the
element supporting the topic sentence; (c) the element supporting the topic sentence; (d)
interpretation of element fitting your argument; (e) connections and/or inferences involving
the element as to make a point; and (f) an inference/conclusion linking the connections
and/or inferences to the thesis statement.
 One or two conclusion paragraphs aiming to illustrate the utility of your analytical essay and
support the thesis statement. You may want to try: (a) connecting your analysis to a larger
context or perspective; (b) stating implications of your analysis for the topic; (c) offer few
questions or ideas for future analyses; or (d) return to the prompt and provide an opposing
insight to show your analysis as incomplete yet insightful.
Great! I Have a Draft. What Should I Do?
The emergence of a draft is an important milestone on the path to completion; however, it is not the
end of your efforts. Now that you know what you want to say, it is time to revise for clarity. The
following self-editing strategies and tips may help you learn how to recognize and correct errors
affecting the clarity and quality of your analytical essay:
 Read your work out loud at a moderate pace. You will be amazed how awkward pauses and
strange-sounding phrases will help you identify mistakes.
 Read through your paper while pretending you are someone else. Often approaching your
writing from the perspective of another will reveal confusing phrases and ideas requiring
clarification.
 Ask yourself whether your analysis supported the thesis statement and prompt. If not, then
you must revise until you support both.
 Ensure all topic sentences provide appropriate support for your thesis statement. Also,
ensure each paragraph develops a complete unit of thought containing examples and
commentary.
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 Did you explain a short quote using one or two sentences? If not, then how will your reader
know the relevance of the quote? Fix it!
 Consider word choice and missing words. While reading out loud, ask yourself whether you
used an incorrect word or are missing a word.
 Are you noticing vagueness sneaking into your writing? If so, highlight the sentences you
think are vague and revise them for clarity. Do not be afraid to use cited and relevant
examples to help clarify your meaning.
 Do you use difficult to read long sentences? If so, consider breaking long sentences in half
and revising into two concise and meaningful sentences. Also, hunt down wordy phrases
like as a result of and replace them with a simpler phrase like because.
 Ask yourself whether everything is APA formatted!
 Most importantly, identify your most common mistakes and seek them out during revision!
Remember that you may always visit the writing center for help.
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