Mental Health Nursing

This document discusses the importance of mental health and mental illness in nursing practice. It explores the impact of mental health on individuals and society, the symptoms and types of mental illnesses, and the role of nurses in providing assessment and treatment for mentally ill patients. The document also discusses the alignment of nursing practice with standards and codes of conduct, and the rights of mentally ill patients. Overall, it provides valuable insights for nurses in delivering effective care for mentally ill patients.

Running Head: MHN
0
Mental Health Nursing
student
7/7/2019

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1. Mental health comprises a person’s emotional, mental and societal wellbeing. It impacts how
an individual thinks, sense, and act. It similarly assist in determining how people manage the
stress, relate to other people, and making decision. Mental wellbeing is essential at all stages
of life, ranging from babyhood to teenage through middle age. Positive mental health permits
individuals to realize their actual potential, cope with the stressful situation of life, work
productivity, and make significant support to their societies. One can manage the positive
mental health by getting help from professionals, connecting with other, staying positive etc.
(Corrigan, Druss and Perlick, 2014).
Mental illness, also termed psychological health disorders, can be referred as the wide range of
psychological health conditions or disorder that impacts the patient’s mood, thoughts, and
behaviour. Some of the mental health illnesses include addictive behaviour, depression,
anxiety related disorder, schizophrenia, and eating disorder. Some of the symptoms associated
with mental disease comprise feeling sad, extreme fear or worries, unusual mood changes,
social isolation, excessive anger, hostility, violence, and suicidal thoughts. It has been
identified by WHO that nearly 20 per cent of the children and teenage affected with mental
illness or issues globally (WHO, 2019)
2. I think these facts related to mental wellbeing and mental illness is mostly correct as the
researchers also evidenced these facts. Mental health is essential not only for psychological
health, but also for physical health. An individual with good physical health cannot assure that
the person is fit and vice versa. I think people with healthy mind can perform their activities
associated with the personal and professional life. I am well aware of above mentioned fact
and agree with them, as research shows that the increased levels of mental health is linked
with the increased learning ability, creativity, and productivity. I think people with positive

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mental health can build a strong relationship with their loved ones and other people around
them. In my opinion mental health illnesses are not restricted to a particular country or state,
it has been affecting people from all around the world. I think people must take care of their
mental health and manage mental illnesses with the help health diet, exercise, social
interaction, and taking help from health professionals.
3. Some of the facts were just as I have expected, this is because mental health has become an
essential part of life in today’s scenarios. But there are some facts that really surprised me
including the number of young people affected with mental health issues. I knew that the
mental illnesses are mostly affect older people, It was surprising for me know that nearly 20
per cent of the young population including children are affected with this health condition.
One of the other facts that surprise me was the advantages of mental health in contribution
towards community services. I knew that positive mental health can help at individual level
and help people in developing healthy relationships, being able to cope with stressful
situation, but I was not aware about its role in community. But it can help the individual to
participate in activities and work in favour of the community; this can be only done of the
person is psychologically healthy (Knapp, McDaid and Parsonage, 2011).
4. Mental health is the state of healthiness in which the person realizes his or her personal
capabilities, how can manage the normal tensions of life, can work effectively and profitably
and is capable to make a support to his or her communal. Mental illness is the identified,
medically diagnosable disease that leads to the significant diminishing of a person’s cognitive,
affecting or relational capabilities. Mental ailments result from biological, developing and/or
psychosocial aspects and can be coped using methods comparable to those used to physical
illness (i.e., avoidance, diagnosis, management and rehabilitation). Though the terms are

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frequently applied interchangeably, psychological health and psychological illness is not the
similar thing; however they are likewise not equally exclusive. A important difference
between psychological health and psychological illness is that everybody has certain level of
psychological health every time, just like bodily health, while it is probable to be deprived of
mental disease (Rogers and Pilgrim, 2014).
5. Social risk factors associated with mental illness includes disorganized attachment with
parents or caregivers, low socio-economic status, exposure to violence, loss of significant
relationships. Negative thoughts about the past and present conditions might cause depression
and stress. Distorted ways of thinking or cognitive distortion may also cause mental illness.
Low self-efficacy is also associated with mental illness. Diseases, injuries and other type of
physical disorder commonly contribute to the poor mental wellbeing and occasionally mental
illness. When people are not happy, they often internalize their negative feeling or
unhappiness. This will later appears as the bad or difficult behaviors for example using
abusive words, becoming aggressive or violent and even damaging the property. Some of the
physical causes of mental illnesses include birth trauma, injuries to the brain, or drug abuse
are directly affect the chemistry of brain and cause mental illness. The poor bodily health can
impact the self-esteem and individual’s ability to encounter their life goals. These all factors
are associated with mental illnesses (Collins et al., 2011).
6.
Define and discuss How will you apply this to
your nursing practice?
Alignment to one of the
following: NMBA
Enrolled Nurse Standards
for Practice, Code of
Conduct for Nurses or
Code of ethics for nurses.
Objectives To deliver for the assessment
and treatment of mentally ill
patient
To provide proper oversight and
This can be applied to
provide the effective care
to the patient while
assessing for vital signs,
NMBA Enrolled Nurse
Standards for Practice as
they set similar objective
like mental health act

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safeguard about such assessment
and treatment
To deliver everyone clear
direction about their rights and
duties
To deliver least restrictive
setting by comparing all needs,
legal and juridical constraints,
safety of people
To promote voluntary
assessment and treatment over
involuntary
and treatment process
Involuntary
admission
An individual can be admitted to
the mental hospital
involuntarily, or without their
will. Mental health act sets the
criteria such as he or she must
be mentally ill, and should be no
other type of care like voluntary
admission
To involve the patient and
the decision making
process, ask the patient’s
permission
NMBA Enrolled Nurse
Standards for Practice as
it also have similar
requirements like
including patient in
decision making process
Consumer rights To have limitation on
interference with the dignity,
rights and freedom
Being involved indecision
making ability if capable
Receiving current information
To receive general health care
To wear their clothes
Propers assessment, treatment,
and care
To practice religion of their
choice
To avoid any legal and
ethical issues this can be
helpful
Code of Conduct for
Nurses as it also help the
nurse to follow patient’s
rights
Involuntary
review processes
The tribunal should review the
admission within three days
Must review the admission at
any other time period
Tribunal might affirm the
admission, but direct that it must
be shortened the patient be
relocated to the approved
hospital.
To help review every
checks so that the patient
must not be admitted to
the setting forcefully
NMBA Enrolled Nurse
Standards for Practice as
it set standard for
examine patient before
medication administration
Seclusion and
restraint
The tribunal might: review on its
personal motions at any time
Review on the application of
any individual with essential
standing
Review even if the time period
of seclusion and restraint has
completed
May affirm the use of restraint
and seclusion, and direct them to
be terminated, and declare the
patient must not possess
subjective to the constraint and
It will help in providing
patient cantered care to the
person with disease or
adverse condition
NMBA Enrolled Nurse
Standards for Practice
also set criteria for
providing patient cantered
approach

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seclusion.
Admission
procedures
Authorization of admitting to
SMHU by
Determining the detained time
Giving notice of admission,
reason of admission detention
period to manage authority, ccp,
and tribunal
To understand the patient
admission procedure to
have record of his or her
stay in the hospital
NMBA Enrolled Nurse
Standards for Practice
Community
treatment orders
A community treatment order is
the lawful order prepared by
MHRT that is the alternative to
the involuntary treatment in the
unit. It sets condition in which
the individual must take
medication, treatment, and
rehabilitation whilst not
admitted to the hospital
In providing healthcare
services to the community
Code of ethics for nurses
as it also to deliver
effective medication
treatment and processes
Role of the mental
health practitioner
Give a copy of order to the
patient, health care provider who
perform assessment, and place it
on clinical record of the patient.
Give notice to the assessment
impact to the patient, ccp, and
tribunal
to understand the précised
role in the healthcare
practice
NMBA Enrolled Nurse
Standards for Practice
Consent A consent form is taken from
the patient and their families in
relation to the treatment and
assessment
To avoid any legal and
ethical issues while
providing care
Code of ethics for nurses
also set standard to take
consent form the patient
Confidentiality The patient information must
not be disclosed to anyone
except the authorized person
To maintain the
confidentially of the
patient which is the right
of the patient (Tasmania
government, 2019)
Nurse are obligatory to
safeguard confidentially
according to the Code of
ethics for nurse
7. Most of the individuals believe that mental illnesses are rare and cannot happen to them, but
the mental health issues are common and prevalent. Although the people with serious mental
illnesses show physical symptoms that can be obverse easily but it is difficult to obverse in
minor and mild cases to identify whether the person is mentally ill or not. However some of
the sign and symptoms associated associated with mental illnesses can display that the person
is affected. some of the symptoms are confused thinking, prolonged depression like sadness or
irritability, feeling of extreme highs and lows, excessive fears, uncertainties, and concerns,
social isolation, dramatic alterations in the eating and sleeping behaviors, string anger feeling,

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strange delusion or thoughts, viewing and hearing things that are not actually exists,
developing inability to deal with the daily life problems and activities. Other symptoms
include suicidal thoughts, many unexplained physical ailments, and substance abuse.
Children with mental illnesses can show changed in the school performances, hyperactivity,
persistent disobedience, and frequent temper tantrums (Keyes and Lopez, 2009).
8. These facts are right and can be observed by anyone. Although observing the physical
symptoms for mental illness is difficult, but the above mentioned sign and symptoms can
actually help people to examine if someone they known is experiencing mental health issues. I
have also observed these symptoms in some people around me, and they actually facing
mental health issues. I think in most of the cases we cannot just say that the persons is mental
ill by just seeing him or her, to find out the mental issues we have to obverse their behaviors.
People with serious illness only show physical symptoms. I have reviewed different research
articles and surveys that are conducted on the individuals suffering from psychological health
issues. The results of those research articles and my observations are quite similar, therefore I
can say that the mentally ill person may show some unusual behaviors, lack of conversations,
aggression and using abusive language. And these signs are helpful in examining the mentally
ill behaviors.
9. Stigma can be intensely upsetting and separating, and is considered as one of the utmost
significant health issue faced by individuals with mental wellbeing problems. Learning to live
healthy life with psychological health problems is made additional problematic, when
someone faces the preconception produced by stigma. The Stigma can be applied to reject and

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marginalize persons. The preconception and anxiety produced by stigma might even inhibit
people from coming frontward and looking for the help they require. Stigma can similarly
stop individuals proposing help or being helpful. Stigma frequently constrains individuals
from receiving the jobs they are capable to do and it can stop individuals with psychological
health issues from playing a lively role in their society. It reduces self-esteem and deprives
persons of societal opportunities”. This can comprise being deprived of opportunities for
example employment or housing due to their disorder. Stigma can also be a barricade to
pursuing early management, cause deterioration and delay recovery. Stigma similarly costs
the state economically. If individuals are too embarrassed or concerned to talk, they might not
come frontward to pursue help. That postponement can source even more suffering
(Henderson, Evans-Lacko and Thornicroft, 2013).
10. Stigma is when people sees someone in a negative manner due to a specific characteristic
or quality for example skin color, cultural contextual, an incapacity or a psychological
illness). When people treat someone in a negative manner on account of the psychological
illness, this is called discrimination. The Stigma related problems happens when an individual
describes someone according to their disease instead of who they actually are as the
individual. For instance, they may be labeling someone as psychotic instead of ‘a person
suffering psychoses (Abbey et al., 2011). For persons with mental wellbeing issues, the
societal stigma and negative perception they face can make their issues poorer, making it
more difficult to recover. It might cause the individual to evade receiving the assistance they
require due to the distress of being stigmatized. The person with stigma starts being
discriminated when other people compare themselves with them and how they are different

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from the affected person, rather seeing it as the health issues. Stigma and discrimination might
trap individuals in a series of mental illness (Parker, 2012).
11. The lives of individuals with psychological health illnesses are frequently overwhelmed
by stigma in addition to discrimination. Stigma is actually the negative stereotype. Certain of
the sign of stigma that can result in discrimination comprise social isolation, poor housing, job
loss, and poverty. Persons with a psychological illness are challenged with manifold,
interconnecting coatings of discrimination due to their mental disease and their individuality.
For instance, a female with a psychological illness might face discrimination because of
sexism in addition to her disease, and the racialized individual might practice discrimination
because of racism as well as their mental disease. Furthermore, experiencing discrimination
can negatively influence the mental health. It disturbs individual’s self-esteem, contributes in
disrupting their family relations and bounds their capability to meet people and acquire
accommodation and occupations. It hinders the deterrence of mental wellbeing disorders, the
elevation of psychological health and the delivery of operational management and care. It
furthermore subsidises to the abuse of hominoid rights (Abbey et al., 2011).
12. As the health care professional it is my duty to provide my services to all patients’
equality in the health care setting and community. For the successful delivery of health care
services, stigma should be removed. Nurses are in a distinctive situation to create a positive
influence on the community and can apply their situation of trust to assist the community
identify the role and chance for backing to end stigma. All the Nurses can apply the stop
criteria to identify the attitudes and actions that favour the stigma of psychological health
situation to identify stigma and discrimination includes stereotyping in the healthcare setting,
trivializes people with psychological issues, someone offending mentally ill people, and

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patronizes persons with mental wellbeing issues. Nurses should treat individuals who have
psychological health issues with self-possession and respect. Developing a therapeutic
communication with the patient and their families can help in building good interaction.
When meeting someone who actually wishes to discuss about their psychological illness or
indications it is significant for nurses to: be available, hear and be non-judgmental, select the
correct time and location to approach the problem, recognize what the individual is sharing
and must not brush it off. Nurses must also give them any information they have on
obtainable resources or provision (Ross and Goldner, 2009).
13. People with psychological health issues feel uncomfortable and embarrassing to be
diagnosed and get treatment of the mental health issues. Most of the people in the community
do not accept that they have mental wellbeing issues like stress and depression, and these
results in delayed treatment. In different under developing countries the perception of people
about the mental illness is negative, they see psychologically ill people as a different
personality and think that they cannot be treated. This discourages the person to receive
treatment and talk about their problems to anyone. Culture effects many features of mental
disease, counting how patients belong to a culture display and evident their indications, their
coping styles, their relative and community provisions, and their readiness to pursue
treatment. Cultural and societal impacts are not the lone causes of psychological illness and
forms of service application for ethnic and cultural subgroups; however they actually play
significant roles. The cultures of racial and ethnic subgroups change the kinds of
psychological health facilities they use. Cultural mistakes or communication difficulties
between patients and healthcare providers may stop minorities from using facilities and
getting appropriate upkeep (Abdullah and Brown, 2011).

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14. Anxiety is the body’s usual reaction to stress. It is actually a feeling of distress or worry
about what will happen next. For example the first day of college, going to an employment
interview, or giving presentation in front of the crowd might cause most individuals to sense
terrible and nervous. However if the anxiety associated feelings are extreme, extended for
lengthier than half year, and are meddling with person’s life, they might have the anxiety
disorder. Anxiety illnesses can occur at any phase of life, however they frequently begin at the
middle age (Spielberger, 2013). Females are additional probable to have these issues than
men. Social anxiety disorder inhibits the person from living their life easily. They frequently avoid
circumstances that maximum individuals deliberate “normal. They might even experience hard time
accepting how other people can manage them so effortlessly. When they evade all or maximum
social conditions, it affects their personal associations. It can similarly results in: reduced self-
esteem, Negative feelings, Depression, Compassion to criticism, and low social skills that do not
improve with time (Deb, Strodl and Sun, 2015).
15.
Definition Signs and Symptoms Care requirements Treatments
Generalise
d
Anxiet
y
Disord
er
GAD is
noticeable by
extreme anxiety
for no coherent
reason..
Overthinking strategies and
solutions to all conceivable
worst-case consequences
Observing situations and
proceedings as intimidating,
even when they are not
Trouble handling improbability
Indecisiveness and fear of making
the wrong decision
Keep physically
active
Make sleep a
priority.
Eat healthy
Socialize
Showing empathy
Showing respect
Effective
communication
Medicine:
Antidepressants,
Buspirone,
Benzodiazepines
Psychotherapy or talk
therapy (Steudte et
al., 2011)
Obsessive
compu
lsive
disord
Obsessive-
Compulsive
Disorder
(OCD) is a
fear of microorganisms or getting
dirty
ensures a supportive
environment
Reducing anxiety
Lessening or
Antidepressants,
clomipramine,
fluoxetine fluvoxamine,
paroxetine, and

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er mutual,
chronic and
continuing
illness in
which a
individual
has
irrepressible
, reoccurring
thoughts
(obsessions)
and actions
(compulsion
s) that he or
she senses
the urge to
recurrence
over and
over.
Worries about getting injured or
others being hurt
Requirement for things to be
retained in an exact order
Belief that definite numbers or
shades are “good” or “bad”
eliminating
negative
thoughts
Decreasing
obsessions and
compulsions
sertraline
(Abramowitz, Taylor
and McKay, 2009).
Panic
Disord
er
Panic disorder
is an anxiety
complaint
where you
frequently have
unexpected
attacks of panic
or fear.
Sense of imminent doom or
danger
Anxiety of loss of control or death
Rapid, pounding heart rate
Sweating
Trembling or shaking
Develop a
association with the
person grounded on
empathy and trust.
Endorse an
understanding of
the types of an
anxiety illness.
Promote operational
approaches for
managing anxiety.
Support positive
health behaviours,
comprising
medication
obedience (if
appropriate) and
healthy routine
choices (for
instance, diet,
exercise, not
smoking).
SSRIs
SNRIs
Benzodiazepines
Post-
Traum
atic
Stress
Disord
er
Post-traumatic
stress disorder
(PTSD) is the
illness that
progresses in
some
individuals
who have
experienced a
appalling,
scary, or
hazardous
event
Intrusive thoughts
Evading reminders
Negative opinions and feelings
Arousal and sensitive symptoms
Education about
how to cope
Finding ways to
manage emotions
Managing sleep
issues
Management of
flashback and
dissociation
Fluoxetine (Prozac)
Paroxetine (Paxil)
Sertraline (Zoloft)
Venlafaxine (Effexor)
Social social anxiety Blushing Asking them to Cognitive behavioural

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Anxiet
y
disorder, is
intense anxiety
or terror of
being judged,
damagingly
evaluated, or
disallowed in a
social or
presentation
situation
Fast heartbeat
Trembling
Sweating
Distressed stomach or nausea
Trouble catching the breath
Faintness or light-headedness
Sensing that the mind has gone
blank
Muscle tension
calm down or
relax, help them
to avoid anxiety
triggering
situations, and
talk with others.
therapy
SSRIs
venlafaxine
Benzodiazepines
Specific
Phobias
A specific
phobia is
any kind of
anxiety
disorder that
amounts to
an
unreasonabl
e or
irrational
fear related
to exposure
to specific o
bjects or
situations
Excessive or irrational fear
Avoiding the object or situation
anxiety or a panic attack, such as a
pounding heart, nausea or diarr
hoea, sweating, trembling or
shaking, numbness or tingling,
problems with breathing
Reducing the
anxiety
Avoiding the objects
or situation that
causes phobias
Ask them to breathe
deeply in
adverse situation
CBT
Benzodiazepines
Antidepressants
Relaxation techniques
(Emmelkamp and
Wittchen, 2009)
16. I will Stay with the individual and help them to keep calm with relaxation techniques. I
will Offer some medication if the individual commonly takes it throughout an attack. I will
not make any assumption related to what the individual needs and ask him or her. I will speak
to the individual in short, by using simple sentences. I will be predictable and Help the person
to slow down breathing by respiring with the patient or by counting gradually one to ten.
Some of the factors associated with panic attack includes Main life stress, for example the
death or severe disease of a loved one, A shocking event, for example sexual attack or a
severe accident, Main changes in the life, for example a separation or the adding of a baby,
Smoking or extreme caffeine consumption, and History of babyhood physical or sensual
abuse (Wilent et al., 2010).

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Mood disorder
17. Some of the symptoms that can help in recognizing if the person is suffering from mood
disorder include, Reduced energy or exhaustion, Annoyances, body pains, troubles, cramps or
gastrointestinal problems, Trouble memorizing details, making choices or focusing, Loss of
appetite or overindulging, Extreme sleeping or sleeplessness. As mood disorder can take place
at any stage of life and anyone, an enrolled nurse must be skilled in different types of
intervention that can be helpful for people with any age. One of the most effective therapy is
psychotherapy or cognitive behavioral therapy which concentrates on the altering the distorted
views of the person about himself or herself. To provide effective care and treatment it is
essential for enrolled nurses to develop therapeutic relationship with the patient. Effective
communication must be built in order to get the proper cooperation from the patient (Di Florio
et al., 2013).
18. The person with mood disorder sometimes develop suicidal thoughts, this must be
observed by the healthcare providers, acute phases of depression or the mania must be cared
within the native psychological health services, the family members should be involved in the
treatment related decision making processes. Education is the most important aspect of
treating the mood disorder issues, therefore education related to the methods of addressing
mood swings, depression, stress and anxiety, and medication must be provided to the patient
and their families (Phillips et al., 2010).
19. Suicidal thoughts and behaviors occurs when the person is frustrated, see no hopes for the
future, self-hatred, loss of loved ones and major life tragedies. To prevent the suicidal
thoughts they must be asked if they are thinking about suicides, keeping them safe from
objects like knife and providing them safe environment, listening to their problems carefully,

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and encouraging them to seek help from others, and following up with them. Suicides does
not take the person’s life, it also affect the whole family and relatives and cause stress, and
depression. Providing suicide prevention intervention can help the persons to cope with the
stressful events, and reduce their suicidal thoughts (O'Connor and Nock, 2014).
20.
Type Description Signs and
symptoms
Care
requirements
Treatments
Major depression A constant intellect of
hopelessness and
desolation is a sign
people may have major
depression, also
recognized as clinical
depression.
Fatigue or loss of
energy almost
every day
Feelings of
unimportance
or guilt
almost every
day
Weakened
concentration,
indefiniteness
Insomnia or
hypersomnia
Precaution from
suicide
diminish
personal
feelings of
helplessness,
worthlessness
, and isolation
reducing anxiety
peaceful
environment
talk therapy
antidepressant medication
psychotherapy, or talk
therapy
electroconvulsive therapy
(Hammar and Årdal,
2009)
Melancholia Melancholia is a
substantial mental
wellbeing condition
considered by
persistent and
penetrating feelings of
sadness and
uselessness
persistent
feelings of
extreme
unhappiness for
a extensive
period of time
loss of attention
in activities that
were once
pleasant
having a
deficiency of
energy or feeling
exhausted
feeling anxious
or short-
tempered
To reduce to
feeling of
sadness and
hopelessness
Nursing
assessment
Reduced cortisol
levels
fluoxetine citalopram or
paroxetine
talk therapy
electroconvulsive
therapy

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eating too much
or too little
Psychotic depression Psychotic depression is
a type of major
depression that
happens when a
severe depressive
sickness comprises
some form
of psychosis
Agitation
Anxiety
Constipation
Hypochondria
Insomnia
Intellectual
impairment
Assessment of
vital signs
Monitoring of
side effects of
medicines
Proper education
Suicide
prevention
strategies
Antidepressants and
antipsychotic medicati
ons.
ECT
Antenatal and
postnatal
depression
Antenatal depression
can happen at any
point throughout
pregnancy and
indications may
gradually upsurge
over a period of
several weeks or they
might twitch
suddenly and
unpredictably.
Postnatal depression
is very upsetting and
hard to forecast.
Signs can start after
the first week of
giving birth or they
might not start until
some months later
overwhelming
emotional state
of unhappiness
and hopelessness
loss of
attentiveness or
pleasure in doing
things patient
would generally
enjoy excessive
feelings of
drowsiness and
loss of energy
feeling
inadequate and
incompetent to
cope
Support
Counselling
Medication
cognitive behaviour
therapy
antidepressant (Redshaw
and Henderson,
2013)
Bipolar disorder Bipolar disorder,
previously called
manic depression, is a
psychological health
condition that causes
extreme mood swings
that comprise
emotional highs
(mania or hypomania)
and lows (depression).
mania or
hypomania
and
depression
mood changes
Assessment if
warning signs
Medication
assistance
Family support
 Psycho-
education
Mood stabilizers
Atypical antipsychotics
Antidepressants
 Family-focused
therapy
CBT
Cyclothymic disorder Cyclothymic disorder,
or cyclothymia, is a
form of bipolar
disorder categorised
by different episodes
of hypomanic
indications (elevated
mood and euphoria)
and depressive signs
over a period of at
Inflated self-
esteem or
grandiosity
Decreased need
for sleep
Talkativeness
Mood stabilizers
Antipsychotic,
Anticonvulsant
medications
benzodiazepine

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least two years
Racing thoughts,
jumping
from one
idea to
another
Distractibility,
inability to
concentrate
Dysthymic disorder Dysthymia,
sometimes referred
to as mild, chronic
depression, is less
severe and has fewer
symptoms than
major depression
Sadness or
depressed mood
most of the day
or almost every
day
Loss of
enjoyment in
things that were
once pleasurable
Major change in
weight (gain or
loss of more than
5% of weight
within a month)
or appetite
Insomnia or
excessive sleep
almost every day
Being physically
restless or
rundown in a
way that is
noticeable by
others
Fatigue or loss of
energy almost
every day
Inpatient care
Education
Follow-up and
outpatient
care
Psychotherapy
antidepressants
Seasonal affective
disorder
Seasonal affective
disorder is a kind of
depression that arises
and goes according to
the seasons, naturally
beginning in the late
fall and initial winter
and disappear during
the season spring and
summer.
Feeling
depressed most
of the day,
nearly every day
Losing interest
in activities you
once enjoyed
Having low
energy
Long term
nursing
assistance
education
about
medication
Diagnosis
Assessment
nursing
assistance in
emotional
support
light therapy
antidepressant bupropion
(Kurlansik and Ibay,
2013)

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Having problems
with sleeping
Experiencing
changes in your
appetite or
weight
Feeling sluggish
or agitated
Having difficulty
concentrating
21. Eating Disorders define sicknesses that are categorized by unequal eating behaviors and
severe suffering or distress associated with weight or shape of the body. Eating disorders
might include insufficient or excessive intake of food which can eventually damage a person’s
health. The greatest common practices of eating disorders comprise Anorexia Nervosa, the
Bulimia Nervosa, and the Binge Eating Illness and disturb both women and men. By
observing the symptoms, one can identify if the person is suffering from eating disorder.
Some of the symptoms are Long-lasting dieting regardless of being hazardously skinny,
Continuous weight variations, involving in ritualistic eating forms, Sustained fixation with
foodstuff, recipes, Depression or sluggish stage, Evasion of social interaction, relatives, and
friends (Bratland-Sanda and Sundgot-Borgen, 2013).
Treatment and management
Medical Care and management-The uppermost concern in the management of eating illnesses is
addressing any wellbeing issues that might have been a significance of behaviours associated
with eating disorder.

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Therapy: Dissimilar forms of psychiatric therapy, for example individual, relative, family, or
group, can be supportive in addressing the fundamental sources of eating illnesses.
Medications: Certain drugs may be effective in assisting resolve the mood or anxiety signs that
can happen with the eating disorder or in dropping binge-eating and the removal behaviours
(Martinsen and Sundgot-Borgen, 2013).
22. Nurses are the core member of the team providing care to the patient with eating disorder.
Nurses who have knowledge with the medical, psychological and interactive symptoms of
eating disorders can well assist doctors during bodily and mental wellbeing assessments.
Developing therapeutic relationship with the patient can help in getting cooperation from the
patient in the treatment. Providing the patient with highly structured environment, including
the patients and their families in the decision making process about treatment, being role
model for the patient, and removing all the myth about the eating disorder patient in the
healthcare setting can help the nurses to positively treat the patient (Keel and Forney, 2013).
23. The personality disorder is the kind of psychological illness in which the patient has a
severe and harmful form of thinking, working and behaving. An individual with the
personality disorder experiencing trouble observing and connecting to conditions and
individuals. This sources significant difficulties and boundaries in relationships, societal
events, work and institute. These practices can bring about distress and societal separation and
upsurge the threat of depression and additional mental wellbeing issues (Kluft, 2010).
24. Paranoid personality disorder

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An individual with PPD finds it difficult to trust other people. They might be thinking like
people are not trustworthy or manipulative, without any evidences. The person may also face
mistrust or suspicion, hyper vigilance, fear, anxiety, and anger over perceived abuse
(Triebwasser et al., 2013).
Anti-social personality disorder
An individual with the ASPD acts deprived of thinking it is right or wrong, and without realizing
the consequences of their activities on the other people. This can leads to irresponsible and
delinquent behaviour, violent behaviour, and a threat of criminal activity (Patrick, and Brislin,
2014).
Narcissistic personality disorder
This specific disorder characterise a feeling of self-importance and strength, however it cam
likewise comprise the sense of reduced self-esteem and weakness. Some of the personality
traits of this disorder are; having an inflated feeling of their personal importance, crave
respect and attention, facing hurt and rejection of everything, experiencing jealousy etc.
Borderline personality disorder
In this type of disorder the individual may have trouble in controlling or managing their
emotions, and may experience mood swings, impulsive behaviour etc. these penetrating
sensation can last for few hours or for much lengthier periods, or long-lasting for many days
(Leichsenring et al., 2011).

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25. Steve’s story
The diseases has impacted Steve negatively, he even started thinking that his emotions cannot be
handled, and everyone will criticise him which hindered her to seek help from the counsellors.
He was demotivated and hopeless. Her family was also affected and they accepted him to
look after he this situation was very damaging for him, but it also helped him to start self-help
approach. If would have assigned as an enrolled to help him, I could firstly develop
therapeutic relationship with the patient as already used in the case. I could also encourage
Steve to eat healthy, exercise and sleep regularly. I could also use cognitive behavioural
therapy and psychosocial therapy in the combination of medicinal treatment like
antidepressants, antipsychotics, and anxiolytics. CBT could be effective in this case as it
focuses on being available from the patient, problem solving, and the rational thinking. It
encounters the negative thoughts and self-worthlessness (Wood et al., 2009).
Psychosis
26. By observing the symptoms one can recognise whether the person is suffering from
psychosis or not. Some of the indications of psychosis are trouble concentrating, unhappy
mood, excessive sleeping or not sufficiently, anxiety suspiciousness, removal from family and
friends, delusions, hallucinations, muddled speech, for example switching topics
unpredictably, depression, and self-harm thoughts or actions (Marshall and Rathbone, 2011).
27. Schizophrenia is a long-lasting and serious mental illness that impacts how an individual
thinks, senses, and behaves. Symptoms associated with schizophrenia are delusions,

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hallucinations, lack of motivation and facial expression, lack of concentration, and blunted
emotions. To treat the schizophrenia some of medication can be used including, risperidone,
olanzapine, quetiapine, ziprasidone, clozapine, and haloperidol. These drugs must be used
Continuous even after the symptom are gone. Psychological counselling and self-help
resources can also be helpful in addressing the symptoms of this disorder (Insel, 2010).
28. In psychotic illness the patient might be harmful to other, nurses and even themselves, as
they experience, hallucination and anger. Developing a therapeutic relationship can help the in
reducing these risks. Assessing the patient for suicidal thoughts and behaviour can help in
identifying the self-harm problems before it arises. It has been identified that the person with
psychotic illness might be violent, unpredictable and dangerous. Nurses must use risk
management approaches in case of adverse situation, and they found that the person can harm
them or others, they must avoid a confrontation, speak firmly. If the person is trying to self-
harm, the other teams members must be called, and sedatives can be used. Receiving help
from colleagues like fellow nurses, anaesthesiologist, and physician can be good idea to stop
the person from harming himself or herself (Hjärthag,et al., 2010).
Organic brain disorder
29. Neurocognitive disorders or organic brain disorder are a group of situations that often
results in diminished mental function. The Neurocognitive illnesses most frequently happen in
older adults, however they can disturb younger individuals as well. The causes varies from
inheritance to an damage of the head to a illness that impacts brain tissue or alters the levels
of chemical or hormones in the brain. Example of this disorder is Organic catatonic disorder.

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30. The patient with OBD may present some symptoms such as confusion, loss of memory,
impaired brain functioning, and agitation (Bastert et al., 2012).
Delirium
31. It can be caused by Toxicity of Certain medicines or drug, consumption of Alcohol or
drug boozing or withdrawal, A health condition, for example a stroke, heart attack,
deteriorating lung or liver illness, or an harm from a collapse, imbalances in metabolism, for
example low levels of sodium or calcium, and Severe, long-lasting or incurable illness
(Inouye, Westendorp and Saczynski, 2014).
32. Clinical manifestation associated with delirium are lack of concentration, feeling
confused, mood swings, speaking and thinking unclear, poor sleeping pattern, incontinence,
hallucination, emotional and personality changes, decreased temporary memory, loss of
muscle control. Delirium may also affect patient’ mind, and control on muscles (Deiner and
Silverstein, 2009).
33. Delirium pose very serious risk to the patient including falls and longer stays in the
hospital, rapid cognitive decline, increased chances of death in one year. Delirium can happen
in three ways; hyperactive, hypoactive, and mixed. In the mixed type of delirium the patient
may experiences symptoms like restlessness, agitation, pulling the tubes or curtains, picking
at the air, and hallucination. While stopping the patient from being harmful for themselves,
nurses might be act risk of being harmed physically (Fong, Tulebaev and Inouye, 2009).
34. Nursing care for the patient with delirium must include maintaining a therapeutic
atmosphere, positioning the diseased person to time, location, and self. I will also Reduce
noise and make sure that the appropriate lighting will be provided to decrease environmental

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inducements and encourage rest. Some of the treatment options are available for the delirium
patients are antidepressants for relieving the depression, sedatives to ease the alcohol
withdrawal, dopamine blockers to address drug poisoning, and thiamine to prevent confusion.
Proper counselling must also be provided to the patient their family (Robinson, et al., 2009).
Care, recovery and professional practice
35. Principles:
 Person cantered approach must be used for the recovery and must empowers the patient
 Include patient and their families in decision making processes
 Protecting patient’s legal and human rights
 The dignity of the patient must be maintained and respect should be provided throughout the
recovery process
 Therapeutic relationship must be built with the patient by using effective communication and
information sharing
 After the recovery process the evaluation must be done in order to analyse the effectiveness of
recovery process (Shepherd, Boardman and Burns, 2010).
36.
Domains Explanation
How can you include this in your
care of the person with mental
health issues?
Domain 1: Promoting a culture and
language of hope and optimism
The service culture and the language
that allow the individual to sense
valued, safe , promotes hope and
optimism, and welcomed must
be practiced
I will use this to develop a positive
relationship with the mental
patient and their families, in
order to make them believe they
are safe and quality care will be
provided (Kidd et al., 2011).
Domain 2: Person 1st and holistic To putting individuals with mental
illness first and at the centre of
nursing care, and seeing an
individual’s life condition
This will be used as the main factors
to develop patient cantered
approach without any

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holistically discrimination.
Domain 3: Supporting personal
recovery
Putting the recovery at the centre of
practice which is defined and led
personally instead of an extra
task (Le Boutillier et al., 2011)
It will in promoting the autonomy
and self-determination in my
practice. It will also help in to
concentrating on my strengths
and duties.
Domain 4: Organisational
commitment and workforce
development
Developing a healthy organisational
culture for complete recovery
and to train workforce to skilled,
equipped assisted, and resourced
to maintaining recovery oriented
nursing practice
It will help in to clear my vision,
commitment towards the
organisation and patient,
teamwork, and acknowledging
values and cultures.
Domain 5: Action on social
inclusion and the social
determinants of health, mental
health and wellbeing
Keeping the individual’s rights safe
and reducing stigma and
discrimination (Kidd et al., 2011)
It will help to advocate in social
determinates, and reduce the
discrimination related issues.
37. Utilising the evidence-informed best practice in the care providing for people with mental
health illnesses is the most essential task in nursing profession. Although ensuring
effectiveness of evidence- informed practice is also essential. To make sure this I will take
feedback from the patients, their families and my colleagues. This will give me an idea of
whether the evidence informed best practice is being provided or not and also help me realize
how effective it is. This can be done during the treatment process and at time of discharge
(Breton, Fuemmeler and Abroms, 2011).
38. I will advise dietary management of sugars intake and the significance of sugar restricted
lubrication to release the indications of the dry mouth are important to decrease the opposing
oral adverse effects of anti-psychotic drugs causing xerostomia. Oral health programs can be
initiated to enhance the awareness of personal hygiene to improve the reduced self-care
practices. Proper training can be provided to the family, members to take care of oral health of

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the patient at home (Townsend and Morgan, 2017). I will also apply oral health assessment in
order to identify any adverse condition.
39. Values
 Inclusion: Partaking an all-encompassing knowledge of psychological healthiness and well-
being; vigorously breaking down the linguistic and cultural barricades; motivating facilities to
become additional responsive; endorsing cooperation and cooperation.
 Respect must be provided to the patient and colleagues, and trust must be built with the
patient.
 Resilience: diversity of the cultural values must be strengthened, and the opportunities to
improve the health of people and communities must be managed.
 Respect and dignity of the diseased person must be maintained
 Australia is multicultural country; therefore the social, cultural and geographical diversity
must be recognised to bring numerous strengths and opportunities.
 The patient and their family must be advocated about the treatment and intervention
 The patient and their families should also be included in the decision making process about
the treatment
 Quality care must be provided to the mentally ill patient without any discrimination (Stuart,
2014).
Philosophies
 Analytical/ Developing philosophies: Philosophies of development deliver a structure for
thinking related to human progress, development, and education. Understanding these
philosophies can deliver useful understanding into persons and community.

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 Behavioral theories: also recognized as behaviorism, is a philosophy of education centered on
the notion that every behavior is attained by conditioning. Behavioral methods are still
extensively applied in healing settings to assist patients learn novel abilities and behaviors
(Cooper, 2014).
 Cognitive philosophies: "Cognitive psychology is basically the subdivision of psychology that
specifically studies psychological processes counting how individuals think, observe, recall,
and acquire. This subdivision of psychology is linked to other restraints counting
neuroscience, and philosophy.
 Social philosophies: "Social psychology focuses an extensive range of societal topics,
counting group behavior, communal perception, headship, nonverbal communication,
conformism, aggression, and bias. Communal perception and societal communication are also
vigorous to understanding societal behavior (Butts and Rich, 2013).
42. Tidal mental health recovery theory is the middle range nursing theory that is used as the
foundation of interdisciplinary health care. This particular theory is specifically focused towards
assisting the specific patients to develop their own journey of discovery. It is also defined as the
theoretical strategy to the discovery of mental health (Nursing theory, 2016) This theory can help
nurses to assume that they must do what is completely essential to meet the requirements of the
patient with mental health issues. It helps in developing the person-cantered care in the health
care setting (Barker, and Buchanan-Barker, 2004).
System model theory is developed by Betty Neuman. This theory help nurses to develop a
widespread holistic and system-focused approach that comprise the element of flexibility. It

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focuses on the environmental stressors that are contributing to mental illness of the patient, and
help in retention, achievement, and upkeep of the patient system wellness by using primary,
secondary, and tertiary nursing deterrence intervention. It can boost the treatment procedures
being provided to the mentally ill person. Some of the environmental factor that are addressed in
theory includes socio-cultural emotions like relationships, expectation of others, influence of
spiritual needs, and development. This can help the person and nurses to understand the
environmental factors and try to avoid them, this will ultimately help in the fast recovery process
(Nursing theory, 2016).
43 Case study
Some of the generalized symptoms kylie displaying which alerting me to the probability
of kylie facing a psychological health issue include poor personal hygiene, restlessness, slow
speech, lack of concentration, and hallucination. These symptoms might be associated with other
diseases like schizophrenia, and delirium. The symptoms like hallucination and delusion are
associated with risk of developing psychosis.
44 As the patient with mental health issues can be harmful for themselves as well as others,
therefore risk assessment must be done to recognize these threats. Kylie will be assessed for the
risk factors associated with suicidal behavior include previous self-harm, substance abuse
impact, family history of suicides, recent stressful events, and loss. She will also be assessed for
vital signs, and she will be asked to share her stressful life events. She will be assessed for the
dynamic factors include active suicidal thoughts, guilt, hopelessness, problem solving deficit,
and psychological stressors. Any symptoms associated with risk top other will also be assessed

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such as previous violence, antisocial behavior, poor impulse control, negative effect, and social
factors like conflicts (Guo et al., 2012).
45 The valuation of risk in psychological healthcare is challenging but provides an opportunity
to engage with patients, and their carers and family members in order to endorse the patients’
security, recovery and healthiness (Keyes, Dhingra and Simoes, 2010). A decent risk assessment
will include deliberation of mental (e.g. present mental wellbeing) and social aspects (e.g.
association problems, occupation status) as portion of a complete evaluation of the patient to
detect their care requirements and assess their threat of harm to themselves or other individuals.
For this to happen, connection and therapeutic association require to be developed by listening to
the patient actively and empathically (Marneros, Pillmann and Wustmann, 2010). It is significant
to question diseased person directly about the suicidal thoughts. A mental wellbeing risk
assessment is the assessment of a person's mental position. It targets to identify mental
health circumstances like anxiety, schizophrenia, and depression. Risk assessment can be helpful
in identifying the deteriorating condition, and the indications that might source other health
issues. It may seem problematic to predict with conviction those who will commit suicide.
Though, forecasting those at a higher threat of suicide might be measured feasible and threat in
these individuals can be accomplished (Bach et al., 2009).
46 The bio-psychosocial method was established at Rochester years ago by Drs. George Engel
and John Romano. The bio-psychosocial approach methodically deliberates biological, mental,
and societal aspects and their multifaceted relations in understanding wellbeing, illness, and
healthiness upkeep delivery Biological, psychological, and the societal factors happen along a
range of natural schemes. Systematic deliberation of psychological and societal aspects needs

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use of pertinent social sciences, whilst reflection of biological aspects requires use of pertinent
natural disciplines (Ayers, Franklin and Ring, 2013). Consequently, both the usual and social
disciplines are rudimentary to medicinal practice. In other arguments, psychological and societal
aspects are not simply epiphenomena: they basically can be observed in scientific means at their
individual levels in addition to in respect to their biological associates. Humanistic potentials are
extremely appreciated accompaniments to the bio-psychosocial method, which includes the use
of the method associated with science to varied biological, mental, and societal occurrences as
connected to human healthiness (Smith et al., 2013). Whereas the biomedical method consider
the reductionistic opinion that all occurrences are finest observed at the lowermost level of usual
systems (for example, cellular or molecular), the bio-psychosocial method distinguishes that
dissimilar clinical situations might be most helpfully understood systematically at numerous
stages of the accepted systems continuum. This approach carried about a novel way of
abstracting mental health problems and produced changes inside research, medicinal teaching
and training. According to the bio-psychosocial approach, the causes for, and the projection of,
mental wellbeing difficulties are the outcome of collaboration between biological, mental, and
societal aspects by means of no factor partaking a “control” on the clarification and/or treatment
(Vingerhoets and Cornelius, 2012).
47 As the Kylie is experiencing numerous symptoms associated with her mental illness, some of
the principles are specifically helpful for her. The most essential principle that must be used in
case of Kylie is partnership and communication (National standards of mental health services,
2010). As discussed in the case scenario she has been facing issues like social isolation,
difficulty in concentration, eating less, and verbally abusive behavior, therefore she must be dealt
with empathy and respect. This can be done by developing a therapeutic relationship with her.

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Although her family member are sportive, but she still needs additional emotional supports, and
she needs to be socialize in order to reduce the symptoms and seek treatment. Social isolation
and being in room for more time can worsen her situation. Therefore talking can help her out of
theses adverse sortation. Another principle helpful in this case is dignity and respect (National
standards of mental health services, 2010). Although she is experiencing mental issues, she still
possesses the rights of deal with respect and dignity. Showing respect to the people with mental
health issues can help in developing a favorable relationship with the patient. The last principle
that must be considered in case of Kylie is uniqueness of the individual. As the patient is
suffering from many psychological health issues and is at risk of self-harm, therefore person
centered approach must be used in her case. Her family member should also be involved in the
treatment process as she might feel more comfortable if her relatives are around her and it will
reduce the chances of self-harm. It must be accepted that it is not essential to achieve recovery,
but it is about developing opportunities to help the person meaningfully, and being satisfied. The
main focus of the approach should be associated with enhancing the quality of life (National
standards of mental health services, 2010). It is really important to make Kylie realize that her
family and other people cared for her.
48 The Recovery Star is planned for grown-ups handling their psychological health
and recovering from psychological illness. It was established by Trio in partnership
with the Mental Health Providers Forum and was initially printed in 2008. The
recovery star include ten important areas; Managing psychological health , Bodily
healthiness and self-care, Living abilities, Societal networks, Work Associations,
Addictive habits, Accountabilities, Identity & self-esteem, Trust and hopefulness
(Mental health partneships, 2009).

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Ladder of change
Self-Reliance
10 patients have no problems in this extent and behave in means that work fine for them and
those nearby them. They do not require any external help to uphold this method of performing
things. They know when they need provision and recognize how to receive it.
9 the new methods of undertaking things in this extent of patient’s life are currently quite
entrenched and sense more normal or involuntary. In maximum cases people can uphold the
alterations on their own without provision, however at times of emergency they are at threat
of tumbling back. It might be cooperative to have somebody who identifies that everything is
well and assist them to distinguish the risk signs and proceeds action when essential (Leamy
etal., 2011).
Learning
8 With provision, people overcome certain hindrances and absorb additional about what aids to
keep them on path in problematic times. Though, dealing with problems is rather puzzling and
occasionally it can be alluring to give away and turn back to the old techniques of doing
things. It assists to have somebody to discourse to about how people are handling things to
support them distinguish what they have taught (Jacob, 2015).

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7 This investigating leads to education and people start to grow a feel of what benefits them
move in the direction of their goal in this zone of their lifespan. This is actually inspiring and
aids to reinforce their faith in themselves and their capability to attain their objectives. For
this motive they start to turn into more reliable in undertaking things that can be supportive
for their passage of health and get them nearer to where they desire to be. However they still
require rather a lot of backing to retain things working and deprived of it hindrances can
knock them off track (Dickens, et al., 2012).
Believing
6 in this section people twitch to shape on this faith by performing things inversely in the world.
They are investigating, trying different methods of undertaking things. Occasionally things
work, occasionally they do not, therefore it is a problematic phase to stay in and they require a
lot of backing to deal with the the highs and low point and retain the faith alive (Leamy et al.,
2011).
5 in this section people start to actually consider that things might be dissimilar in this extent of
their life. They get a feeling of what it is they actually want and what they are heading
towards, in addition to what they are walking away from. They can realize that modification
will not happen without they support to sort it happen. At this point the individual starts
thinking of seeking help from other people (Dickens et al., 2012).
Accepting Help

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4 Now they begin to involve with assistance in an additional consistent manner, speaking their
situation with health care workers and accepting the approaches that agreed by both patient
and care giver. Though, the people do not have the lead and depend on caregiver to make the
modification happen. Deprived of healthcare workers driving the management process they
can move back rapidly and might feel serious if the things do not work in the end.
3 At this point feeling that the people do not like how things are becomes sturdier and they
actually desires things to be dissimilar. The Change might appear difficult or terrifying and
they may not distinguish what they want however they know they do not want to continue
living as they have been. At this specific point mentally ill person will see health care workers
or others proposing assistance and receive their support with persistent problems; however
their willingness or capability to perform this might be temporary (Jacob, 2015).
Stuck
2 The principal indication of the likelihood of alteration is observed when the individual sense
dejected with the stratus of their health condition. This might be transient and they perhaps
will not involve with health care personnel in any actual or significant way.
1 At the opening of the passage people are not attracted in thinking of or expressing this
characteristic of their lives. Though they are distant from attaining their complete potential
and might be triggering harm to themselves or others, they are now remove and not conscious

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of difficulties, or reluctant to discuss about the problem due to fear or distrust. Due to this
they are now stuck (Mental health partneships, 2009).
This start approach can help the person and to identify how to manage the health problems, how
they look after themselves, interaction between patient and their surroundings, being part of
the community, own possibility to cope with mental issues, adverse behaviour, trustfulness,
and what they feel about themselves (Shepherd et al., 2014).
49. Psychiatrist; This healthcare specialized focuses on the analysis, treatment, and avoidance
of mental health issues. He or she can prescribe medicine for Kylie and support to develop a
schizophrenia management plan for her. Social worker; This expert can play an significant
role in assisting Kylie to manage the schizophrenia related stresses of daily life and linking
her with the possessions they require to live and contribute in her communal. Enrolled
nurses; the enrolled nurses can help the patient in performing daily life works. They also
perform patient assessment of vital signs and administration of medication and examining any
side effects of the drugs provided to the patient (Taskila et al., 2014).
51. Action
Olanzapine is the medicine that acts in the mind to manage or treat schizophrenia related
issues. It is also recognized as the second generation antipsychotic or the atypical
antipsychotic. The action of olanzapine is attained by the antagonism of manifold neuronal
receptors counting the dopamine receptor inside the patient’s brain, the serotonin receptors,
and the alpha-1 adrenergic type of receptor, the histamine receptor H1 and numerous
muscarinic receptors. Olanzapine offerings an extensive outline of targets, though, its
antagonistic influence headed for the receptor dopamine D2 in the mesolimbic passageway is

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important as it chunks dopamine from posing a possible action at the post-synaptic type of
receptor. The attachment of olanzapine to the receptors dopamine D2 is effortlessly
dissociable and therefore, it permits for an assured rate of neurotransmission of dopamine
(Henderson et al., 2009).
Side effects
Faintness/low, high blood pressure, Weight increase, dose reliant, increased triglycerides levels
in the blood, increased cholesterol, Sleepiness, Dry mouth, and Weakness
Route of administration is oral
Monitoring required; the 5 Cs must be followed that are; right patient, right medicine, right route,
right dose and right time. The patient must be assessed for any side effects at regular basis.
The drug interaction of combining this drug to other drugs must also be considered and
avoided. Mental assessment should also be applied before administration. The patient and
their family must be asked about any specific allergies (Bhowmick, Hazra and Ghosh, 2010).
52 Guidelines for the family
 The family should be educated about how the medication should take at home
 The should call for health care providers if they obverse any adverse reaction of the drug
 When the episodes of psychosis are mild, the family members should gently redirect the
discussion far from the harmful ideation and perception
 They must also call for emergency help if they are observing that the individual is having
psychosis and might harm her and other

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 She should be treated as the valued member of the family, must be involved in family
gatherings
 The family members should not try to manage the psychosis situation on their own
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