Mobile Computing and Vehicle Communication: An Annotated Bibliography

This annotated bibliography provides insights into the latest research on mobile computing and vehicle communication, covering topics such as vehicular cloud computing, data communication in VANETs, and 5G networks. The articles explore the challenges and opportunities of integrating cloud computing and IoT with vehicular networks, as well as the potential of fog computing for smart things and machine-to-machine networks. The bibliography also highlights the importance of network intelligence and authentication protocols for ensuring the security and privacy of location-based services over road networks.

MOBILE COMPUTING AND VECHICLE COMMUNICATION

Annotated Bibliography
a. Whaiduzzaman, M., Sookhak, M., Gani, A., & Buyya, R. (2014). A survey on vehicular
cloud computing. Journal of Network and Computer Applications, 40, 325-344.
The article research about the Intelligent Transportation System which is for handling the
new hybrid technology resources with impacting the traffic management and the safety for the
roads. The analysis is based on the storage and internet for decision making where the survey is
about how the vehicle cloud computing is able to bring the special attention to the different
applications for the cloud formation, key management and the inter cloud communication-based
systems. There are different broader aspects of the security and privacy with ITS working on the
technological shift through converging the intelligent networks through autonomous traffic and
the vehicle control. The technique could be used for the management of the road safety
messages, managing the parking and handling the countries perspectives with handling shopping
mall data center as well.
b. Cunha, F., Villas, L., Boukerche, A., Maia, G., Viana, A., Mini, R. A., & Loureiro, A. A.
(2016). Data communication in VANETs: Protocols, applications and challenges. Ad
Hoc Networks, 44, 90-103.
Here, DSRC is proposed for handling the support for the communication mainly in between the
vehicles and the units for the roadside. It will help in the management of the range
communication technology that helps in the improvement of public safety measures. VANETS
have been able to work with different research and application areas that works on the equipping
with proper embedded sensors. They are working with the powerful and the potential of the life
changing applications on the safety and the system efficiency as well. The focus is on the

communication where the information technology needs to handle the network operations and
government worldwide with expressive resources set for the deployment of vehicular networks.
The technology and communication has been effectively be able to provide the vehicles and
roads with capabilities to handle the transport with infrastructure that is secured. The applications
are determined to work with protocol stack and the challenges are related to QoS requirements
with vehicle networks set in highways.
c. Hou, X., Li, Y., Chen, M., Wu, D., Jin, D., & Chen, S. (2016). Vehicular fog computing:
A viewpoint of vehicles as the infrastructures. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular
Technology, 65(6), 3860-3873.
The emergence of the advanced vehicular applications include the challenges to meet the
demands for the communication and the computation. here, there are different solutions like the
cellular networks that are set with the roadside units and the mobile cloud computing. There are
different number of vehicles that are set with underutilized vehicular resources that are for using
the offers with greater opportunity and value. The idea is about handling the vehicular computing
which is important for the collaborative multitude for the end-user clients. This includes the
aggregation of the resources with the individual vehicles and the quality of services. There is a
need to focus on the enhancement of the quality with scenarios working on parked vehicles as
communication and computational infrastructures. It is important to focus on the advancement of
the equipment and the technologies that helps in working with the increase in demands for the
data communication and computational capability.

d. Bitam, S., Mellouk, A., & Zeadally, S. (2015). VANET-cloud: a generic cloud computing
model for vehicular Ad Hoc networks. IEEE Wireless Communications, 22(1), 96-102.
The cloud computing is an important network access model which generally aims for sharing on
the computing resources. They are set and leased by service provider to digital customers who
are focusing on handling the data through the internet. The increased traffic accidents and the
road user’s dissatisfaction leads to assurance of the improving in safety of road safety. The
article has highlights about the approaches where flexible solutions include alternative routes and
the synchronization of the traffic lights. They need to be used by the road safety like the police
and the disasters. The improvement in traffic safety helps in providing with computational
services to the users who work on the models called VANET. It is important to analyze that
VANET-Cloud helps in constructing the cloud infrastructure with the majority of stationary
nodes for handling the edge of vehicles. The model helps in reaping the benefits for computing
capability of vehicles effectively.
e. Panwar, N., Sharma, S., & Singh, A. K. (2016). A survey on 5G: The next generation of
mobile communication. Physical Communication, 18, 64-84.
The increased number of vehicle devices include the higher data rate where one needs to push to
rethink about the current generation of the cellular mobile communication. Here, the
expectations are needed to maintain the high-end requirements. The 5G networks are
characteristics through connectivity and low latency and a higher transfer of speed data. The
novel architectures and technologies are set with focusing on the load balancing. The 5G
networks are perceived through the main features with focusing on connectivity, zero latency and
high-speed connections. The network will help in supporting the life critical systems with real
time applications that are set with zero delay and tolerance. here, the key features are depending

upon enlisting the fourth generation of the cellular networks. The scope is depending upon
network function virtualization with machine-to-machine communications that are based on
encompassing a system architecture with redesigning the communication layer.
f. Stergiou, C., Psannis, K. E., Kim, B. G., & Gupta, B. (2018). Secure integration of IoT
and cloud computing. Future Generation Computer Systems, 78, 964-975.
The article highlights about the mobile computing technology with storage and the processing
that is based on the operations of mobile devices. Here, the recent technology is about Internet of
Things where the interaction and cooperation is based on the objects that are sent through the
wireless networks to handle the objectives set with combined entity. The rapid development is
for the cloud computing and Internet of Things that aims to focus on discovering the benefits of
integration and concluding about computing technology that helps in improving the IoT
functions. With analyzing the functions, the mobile cloud computing is set through improvement
by new generation of services. The concern is about how new platform is set for the working on
IaaS, PaaS, SaaS with accelerating the IoT applications, development and management. The
discussion focuses on the embedding intelligence into the sensors and actuators.
g. Botta, A., De Donato, W., Persico, V., & Pescapé, A. (2016). Integration of cloud
computing and internet of things: a survey. Future Generation Computer Systems, 56,
684-700
The mobile computing and vehicle communication is through handling the different devices and
communication technologies like mobile phones. It is important to work on the automation of
processes with collecting and proper delivery of data at a reduced cost. The mobile devices are
also suited for health information delivery, access and communication. It allows the challenges

of application to handle security, privacy and the reliability with enhancement of medical
security of data and service capability. The flexibility is in the storage of data and how the
system is able to make use of the large amount of contextual data for handling the storage,
processing and analysis. The recent proposed solutions are for enabling the discovery,
connection and integration process where the platforms are defined to support the connectivity
and real time applications for the smart cities.
h. Memon, I., Arain, Q.A., Memon, H. and Mangi, F.A., 2017. Efficient user based
authentication protocol for location based services discovery over road
networks. Wireless Personal Communications, 95(4), pp.3713-3732.
In the road network, there is a need to focus on decision accuracy for the event messages that are
set under the location privacy with the enhancement of schemes. It includes the fast forwarding
of the messages and the other collusion attacks that have the knotty problems. The authentication
protocol is mainly to verify the vehicle activities with the terms related to the privacy and the
preservation. The model proposed focus on basis of NS3 that helps in improving the user
authentication key establishment protocol with shorter time response and reduced costs. It will
lead to lessening packet loss information but improvement in the privacy presentation when
compared to the existing methods. The rapid development of technologies apply to the
interconnections with improved safety through vehicle infrastructure. Here, the article also
highlights about the priorities for the different flows and applications with computational threats.
VANETS communication messages do not require any verification from the main server.
i. Stojmenovic, I., 2014, November. Fog computing: A cloud to the ground support for
smart things and machine-to-machine networks. In Telecommunication Networks and
Applications Conference (ATNAC), 2014 Australasian (pp. 117-122). IEEE.

The cloud services are for the smart things which tend to face latency and other issues of
connectivity. There are fog devices that are positioned mainly in between the cloud and smart
services with high speed internet. The real time applications and location-based services are
important for supporting mobility with decentralizing the control to recognize about the fog
computing and then relate it to the SDN (Software Defined Network). The article highlights
about the environment with focus on industrial automation, transport and the network of sensors.
It supports the densely distributed data collection and provides the advantages related to the
entertainment and advertisements for the different applications. The decentralized smart building
control is facilitated through wireless sensors with deployment to measure the temperature and
the humidity for the different gases in the building atmosphere. The coordination is based on
handling the spatio-temporal even processing system that makes use of the prediction-based
theory.
j. Kong, L., Khan, M.K., Wu, F., Chen, G. and Zeng, P., 2017. Millimeter-Wave Wireless
Communications for IoT-Cloud Supported Autonomous Vehicles: Overview, Design, and
Challenges. IEEE Communications Magazine, 55(1), pp.62-68.
The autonomous vehicles works on the rising technology where the vehicular communication
system is set to share the different conditions of the road with handling the components that are
important to handle the capability of millimeter wave communication. There are introduction
focusing on the potential to remove the accidents due to the traffic. Hence, the vehicle
communications highlights on the vehicle to infrastructure and vehicle-to-vehicle network that
helps in optimizing the driving strategy. It tends to make use of the communication patterns
where the wireless data sharing is used with advancement in the breaking of light-of-sight
constraints and acquiring more data for the surroundings. The recent advancements are set with

the interpretation of sensory information identify the appropriate navigation process. The
analysis is determined through the wave wireless communication with propagation, penetration
and Doppler effect.
k. Ghafoor, Kayhan & Abu Bakar, Kamalrulnizam & Mohammed, Marwan & Lloret,
Jaime. (2013). Vehicular Cloud Computing: Trends and Challenges. 2. 10.4018/978-1-
4666-6539-2.ch048.
The VANETS have been able to attract the attention for the different research communities with
manufacturing of cars and the government handling the potential applications with different
characteristics. The on-board resources in vehicles are underutilized with developing the
subscribers safely and working on infotainment services. The article highlights about the survey
with vehicular cloud computing and performance improvement techniques. They are mainly to
address the problems of the resources and then handling the underutilization with the concepts
related to the vehicular cloud. The paradigm shift is from the conventional to the vehicular cloud
that is used for the on-board resources and to merge with the cloud computing for the VCC
(Vehicular Cloud Computing). The discussion is also on the number of vehicles that helps in
achieving the requirements of Intelligent Transport Systems with enabling the diversification of
traffic applications like the traffic safety. The employing factors are set to support the traffic
safety and the comfort that is related to the services with earning much attention to industry and
academia.
l. Park, S., & Yoo, Y. (2017). Network intelligence based on network state information for
connected vehicles utilizing fog computing. Mobile Information Systems, 2017.

The paper proposed about the advantages of the SDN network for the connected vehicle
environment, where the communication channels are unstable. Here, the controller also need to
understand about the network state with maintaining the network topology. The information is
collected by the controller where the division of the nodes is determined with mobility types and
other related attributes with effectively managing the mobile connections. The approach is to
utilize the mobility information and then work on reduced control message with adjustments for
the beacon messages and supporting the efficiency failure recovery. The check is also on
handling the connections for the services with determining the real time scheduling methods
which help in demonstrating the reduction of control overhead.