Individual Case Study on Morrisons: Leadership, Culture, Entrepreneurship and Motivation

This case study analyzes the effectiveness of Morrisons' CEO's transformational leadership style, the role of the CEO in creating the current structure and culture of the organization, entrepreneurship strategy, corporate governance policies, and motivational strategies. It also examines the impact of power, influence, and conflict resolution in managing change and the influence of motivational strategies on employee performance.

INDIVIDUAL CASE
STUDY

CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION.....................................................................................................................................1
TASK – A................................................................................................................................................1
Effectiveness of leadership style of the CEO of Morrisons...............................................................1
TASK – B.................................................................................................................................................2
Current structure and culture of organization and role of CEO in creating them to achieve high
performance.......................................................................................................................................2
TASK – C.................................................................................................................................................3
Entrepreneurship strategy and corporate governance policies followed by the CEO of Morrison.....3
TASK – D................................................................................................................................................4
Effect of power, influence and conflict resolution in managing change............................................4
TASK – E.................................................................................................................................................5
Motivational strategies......................................................................................................................5
Influence of motivation strategies on the performance of employees................................................6
TASK – F.................................................................................................................................................6
Justification from the research...........................................................................................................6
TASK – G................................................................................................................................................7
Recommendations for increasing the organisational performances...................................................7
TASK – H CONCLUSION..........................................................................................................................9
REFERENCES........................................................................................................................................10

INTRODUCTION
Articulating in relation with the management, it is being referred as an art through
which employees come together on a common platform. It also supports in strengthening the
bond amid the workers and make them work together as a single unit. It is crucial on the part
of the management to make sure that their employees are satisfied with their accountabilities
related to job and gradually deliver their level best. Further, it is also important that the
management must comprehend the workers adequately and strive hard to accomplish the
expectations for the purpose of having a stress free working environment (Christiansen and
Chandan, 2017). Considering this, the main aim of the current research report is to describe
along with evaluate the management style of the CEO of a company. For this purpose,
Morrisons, one of the largest super market chain of UK is being taken into consideration. The
report will analyse the effectiveness of leadership style of the CEO and their impact on the
organization. Emphasis will also be made on structure, culture and motivational strategies
being adopted in Morrisons by application of suitable theories and models. The final section
of the report will throw light on strategy, corporate government policies and other strategies
for augmenting the organizational performance.
TASK – A
Effectiveness of leadership style of the CEO of Morrisons
Talking about the company, it has personification of entrepreneurship as well as
innovation. Further, it has been founded and established by the entrepreneur William
Morrison. The company has achieved a phenomenal growth commencing from the humble
stall in Bradford market and now transformed into the retail giant in the present time. The
managerial and leadership style being followed by the CEO of the company is
transformational leadership style. According to the transformational leadership theory,
leaders always works with teams and followers far away from the immediate self-interests for
determining the required modification, development of vision for guiding the change by
influencing, inspiring and implementing the modification in tandem with committed group
members (Zineldin, 2017). Moreover, transformational leadership is one when the behaviour
of the leader impacts the supporters and motivates them to carry out tasks as well as actions
further than their supposed abilities and skills. The CEO of Morrison has also exhibited the
features of a transformational leader such as requirement for influence, belief of ethical
uprightness, supremacy and self-assurance.
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Moving further, as per the theory related to transformational leadership, the leaders
are anticipated to manage and organize the inconsistency of forecasting the unidentified and
often the incomprehensible. This is quite evident in the company through taking of different
mergers and acquisitions with courage and risk. These are also proof of influence, confidence
level as well as dominance of the leaders at the company. Furthermore, it can be said that the
leader has been able to alter and change the firm as per the vision of a desired position.
Leaders are being regarded as the makers of change and are also being known as the
transformers which guides the firm to a novel as well as compelling vision and a challenging
expectation of a role. The characteristics related to the belief of ethical virtue is displayed
best in the corporate social responsibility efforts of the company (Paul, 2018). The leader at
the company highly emphasize on setting clear responsibility as well as high expectation for
themselves and for others. They also hire and promote people and give rewards to the one
who performs quite high. Additionally, the leader also focus on those who does not fit and are
not consistent with the performance and ensures that there is an effective establishment of
critical success measures and also makes sure that they are noticeable to others. Thus, it can
be said that the management of Morrisons has demonstrated exceptional transformational
leadership style and is quite effective as well.
TASK – B
Current structure and culture of organization and role of CEO in creating them to achieve
high performance
The current structure as well as culture at Morrison is majorly relied on the four
important pillars and that is leadership, talent, performance and values. Each and every
workers within the company undergoes a training program that encompasses the later
building blocks for the purpose of building their capabilities as well as production level for
becoming a food specialist for every single individual (Francescato and Aber, 2015).
According to the Charles Handy’s model of organizational culture, there are four types of
cultures which are generally being followed by the companies that role, task, person and
power culture. Explanation of these culture is being done below:
 Power culture – In this type of culture, power remains in the hands of few people and
only those people have the right to make decisions. Furthermore, the leaders and
managers in such type of culture are sometime biased towards someone and unrest
others.
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 Role culture – In this type of culture, each and every employee have some roles and
responsibilities as per their educational qualifications and specializations. In such type
of work culture, power comes with the responsibility (Tabibi and et.al, 2015).
 Task culture – In this type of culture, teams are being developed for the fulfillment of
certain tasks or for solving any critical issue. In such type of work culture, each and
every member of the team have an equal contribution and attains the target
innovatively.
 Person culture – In such type of culture, workers feel that they are more important
than the organization. Each and every employees are more worried in regards with
their own self and organization never comes first for them.
At Morrison role culture is being followed by the leaders and managers where each
and every single employees have their specified roles and accountabilities and they are the
only one who makes decision about the things which are best for them (Taherimashhadi and
Ribas, 2018). At Morrison, employees are accountable for what they do and they even tale
the ownership of the tasks being allotted to them. The CEO plays a very important role in
influencing and enforcing the culture for attaining high level of performance. The manner in
which he interact with others, operate, communicate and make decision impacts the culture of
the firm. Furthermore, through effective mentoring, coaching and listening, the leaders can
bring out the best in others.
TASK – C
Entrepreneurship strategy and corporate governance policies followed by the CEO of
Morrison
Focusing in relation with the entrepreneurship strategy being followed by the CEO of
Morrison, there are three distinct strategies which is given utmost importance. The very first
is the value. The CEO of the company make sure that their costs are kept at minimal level for
ensuring that the prices are competitive. This is being performed by the firm through
providing extraordinarily suitable price to each and every customer throughout the nations.
The second important strategy is concerned with service. In this, the company always makes
sure that the right and accurate product is made available to people with having great system
of selling in place (). They also make attempts to offer enhanced services for adherence of the
clients. The last one is concerned with freshness in which they make sure that fresh prepared
food items are being served to the customers and this is being attained by Morrison through
vertical integration. They make use of lost cost strategy and penetration strategy wherein the
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existing current products of the firm are being sold in the existing markets with improved and
streamlined processes for competing effectively.
Moving towards corporate governance, it is the structure of practices, rules as well as
processes being utilized for directing as well as managing the company. The company have
an effective corporate governance framework that supports the boards in effective delivery of
strategy of the whole group and helps in sustainable growth for longer period of time. All the
principles of the UK Corporate Governance Code are being applied by the CEO of Morrison.
For monitoring whether the employees and the company are adhering with the code being
prescribed there is a nomination and governance committee. Furthermore, the corporate
governance policies of Morrison is being regarded as the heart of the manner in which they
carry out their business and are being designed for helping and protecting the firm. The
company looks after the customers through having clear prices and marketing (Gagne,
Sharma and De Massis, 2018). They also maintain food quality standards for offering
exceptional quality products to their customers. Even the health and safety of the employee,
customers and other stakeholder of the business matters to the company. Human rights and
ethical trading is being followed while conducting the business effectively. All this helps in
increasing the organizational effectiveness and performance.
TASK – D
Effect of power, influence and conflict resolution in managing change
Power and influence are being utilized for getting the other employees to take the
actions and accomplish the desired tasks effectively. It plays a very crucial role at the time of
management of change within an organization. Power is being founded on the positional
authority which an individual have in the organization. On the other hand, influence is
grounded on the relationships. The CEO of Morrison makes use of different sources of power
for getting the other employees to act, perform and change their behavior during the time of
management of change. These sources of power are more effective than others. The various
sources of power are coercive that is the capability to apply punishment, legitimate that is the
ability to request some behavior on the basis of role and position, referent is an ability to
influence others as the leaders are respected and expert is the ability of influencing people on
the basis of possession of knowledge (Hatch, 2016). Furthermore, the degree of force being
utilized for influencing along with the degree of buy in the followers helps in identifying
whether the leader or the manager will get resistance, committeemen or compliance from
their followers or employees.
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In addition to this, there are different tactics being applied by the CEO of Morrison
for increasing the influence of the employees in managing change. In this regards, assistance
is being offered to the employees by reduction in the workload and making them feel
appreciated. Furthermore, the leader also step in to resolve the conflicts and guides the team
members and other employees towards a common goal and objectives for solving their
problems and keeping them on the right track. Underpinning the discussion in relation with
the conflict, it frequently does not come out with negative outcomes, however, it sometimes
also offers an optimistic impact within the firm. The CEO of the company effectively manage
and cope up with the conflict well and bring positive impact to their process of achievement
of the goals (By and Burnes, 2017). Other than this, it can also be said that through operative
conflict resolution techniques, there are different chances for new possibilities being offered
to the firm in management of change. Thus, it can be said that the power, influence and
conflict resolution at the Morrison by the CEO has a significant amount of influence in
managing change and augmentation in the production level.
TASK – E
Motivational strategies
Motivation is the satisfaction for which a person works they are the needs and motives
of a person to be fulfilled (Murnieks, 2020). Morrison is a big chain of supermarket in the
United Kingdom selling products and services worldwide. This company is using various
motivational strategies to motivate its employees to work with more efficiency and
effectively. Morrison is using various motivational strategies like Maslow’s hierarchy of
needs, McClelland’s three needs, and Herzberg’s motivation theory.
Maslow’s hierarchy of needs
 Physiological need: These are the basic needs that are the need of each employees
like food, shelter, basic pay the Morrison is providing all this needs to every
employees for their satisfaction.
 Safety need: This is the second most need that an employee want for his satisfaction
for which Morrison is providing all the safety needs to the employees (Hasan, 2020).
 Love and Belonging: These are the needs with which an employee remain motivated
Morrison is creating an environment so that every employee will get chance top
participate in decision making to feel involved.
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 Esteem need: These are the needs by which an employee’s performance can be
appraised with rewards by Morrison to feel more confident towards the work.
 Self-Actualization: This is the high level needs like achieving the performances at the
fullest of an employee.
McClelland’s human motivation theory
 Need for achievement: This are the needs which every person wants to accomplish in
life and Morrison is giving this opportunity to all the employees.
 Need for power: Morrison is providing all this power by giving recognition to the
employees to feel reputed in the company. Need for affiliation: Some employees believe in bonding and working with
cooperation to accomplish the following task. Need for avoidance: Some employees avoid difficult situation to feel safe and avoid
the difficulties every time (Bertholet, 2020).
Influence of motivation strategies on the performance of employees
Morrison is using these motivational strategies to motivate the employees to work with
more efforts by providing less cost of production anymore profits. By providing basic needs
and safety needs to the employees for their satisfaction and rewarding employees for good
performances (Jaquays, 2018). This company is also giving many opportunities for
promotions to employees.
Furthermore, it also provides the need for high achievement by appraising and giving
recognition to the employees for good performances. Morrison is providing many advantages
like achieving personal goals with organisational goals and giving chances to show their
power of work by creating good competition.
TASK – F
Justification from the research
From the above research it is been justify that every company is using different
leadership and motivational strategies due to cultural diversities. For example Sainsbury,
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Tesco etc all these international companies are using different strategies. All the companies
have advantages and disadvantages with the strategies which is natural.
 Morrison is using motivational and leadership style in a way to encourage the
employees and motivating them in a way to achieve individual and organizational
goals as well.
 Different company is using different cultural theories for earning profits and Morrison
is using Hofstede’s cultural dimensions theory for the cultural diversity within the
world. This company is producing products with society cultural differences to meet
the customers demand.
 This company is using various motivational theories to fulfill the basic demands of
the employees as well as the higher needs. Different companies using various
motivational theories focusing on satisfying their employees.
 Companies like Tesco and Sainsbury is using different leadership styles for leading
the employees to attain group goals with low cost and high productivity.
 Morrison which is dealing its products internationally needs to lead all the teams
worldwide to motivate its employees to work more efficiently.
 All the companies using there all skills by top level management for better
performances to attract more customers for more revenue. They are involving in
strategies for motivating and boosting the employee’s moral for high productivity.
 All strategies have advantages and disadvantages and the Morrison using all the
techniques and method for improving its demerits in each activity to become more
competitive in the present world.
TASK – G
Recommendations for increasing the organisational performances
First and foremost step is to choose the best leadership style to improve the
performances of employees so that the group goals can be achieved more accurately
(Beugelsdijk, 2018). Like Morrison should use democratic and mixed leadership styles
according the situations so that decisions can be taken more correctly. For example in the
decision of product differentiation it should use democratic style by involving the
employees in the decision making because they know more about the customers taste and
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preferences. In the situation of emergency and wage policy the decision should be done by
centralisation of authority.
Furthermore, Morrison should various motivational strategies to boost employee’s
mortal or to motivate employees to work with full satisfaction. For example by appraising or
rewarding peoples for achieving good accuracy or by giving them appropriate wages so that
the employees can fulfil their family needs. Giving them security needs to feel safe while
working like medical insurances, educational benefits etc. It also helps to providing them the
platform to fulfil individual dreams in the organisation.
Moreover, it should use various entrepreneurial strategies and government policy in a
way to achieve the objectives like
 Morrison should carefully study the competition to know the strategies and
positions of its rivals so that it can develop more advanced strategies to defeat
them.
 Developing and creating new products and services to attract more customers
for more profits. Morrison should design those products which are in new trends
and demanded by the customers by market research and customer’s feedback.
 This company should provide customer services and listen carefully to the
customer services for customer satisfaction. Because if the customers need will
not fulfill or not listen by the company then they switch to the other products
and it will be a loss to the company.
 Morrison should change its strategies and policies related to products time to
time for improvement to have good image in local and international market as
well.
 This company should provide products with good quality for increasing the
customer and develop product differentiation strategies for changing the
products according to the needs of the customers (Navy, 2020)..
Lastly, Morrison needs to develop those strategies which are not affecting any
government policies and social policies. It should involved in creating products eco friendly
and fulfilling its social responsibility for profitability.
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TASK – H CONCLUSION
Thus from the above analysis, it can be said that it is very crucial to comprehend the
culture along with the management style of the organization as in the present competitive
business environment, the culture and the management style of the firm plays a very crucial
role in attaining an edge over the other firms in the market. It has been found out from the
above analysis that behaviour of each and every employees within the company is quite
unpredictable and thus, there is a requirement of effective managerial and leadership style for
channelizing and maintaining them to perform varied functions within the firm. The report
has also evaluated different motivation strategies being used by the company for influencing
the performance of the employees through application of different theories as well as model.
Overall, from the whole research report it can be attributed that for the purpose of having
effective performance level, it is important to have effective leader, strategy and policies in
place. This is due to the fact that the manners in which the leaders interact with others,
operate, communicate and make decision impacts the culture of the firm. Furthermore,
through effective mentoring, coaching and listening, the leaders can bring out the best in
others.
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REFERENCES
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Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management, 11(2), pp.207-221.
Tabibi, S.J., Nasiripour, A.A., Kazemzadeh, R.B. and Ebrahimi, P., 2015. The role of
organizational culture according to Hofstede model on information technology
acceptance in hospital environment. Journal of Health Management, 17(1), pp.42-50.
Christiansen, B. and Chandan, H.C., 2017. Handbook of research on organizational culture
and diversity in the modern workforce. IGI Global.
Zineldin, M., 2017. Transformational leadership behaviour, emotions, and outcomes: Health
psychology perspective in the workplace. Journal of Workplace Behavioural Health,
32, pp.14–25.
Paul, S., 2018. Becoming a Transformational Leader. Wisconsin School of Business.
Hatch, M.J., 2016. Organization Theory: Modern, Symbolic and Postmodern Perspectives.
New York: Oxford University Press.
Murnieks, and et.al.,2020. Entrepreneurial motivation: A review of the literature and an
agenda for future research. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 41(2), pp.115-143.
Hasan, and et.al.,2020. Motivation and Learning Strategies: Motivation Affects Student
Learning Strategies. Motivation and Learning Strategies: Student Motivation Affects
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Navy, S.L., 2020. Theory of human motivation—Abraham Maslow. In Science Education in
Theory and Practice (pp. 17-28). Springer, Cham.
Bertholet, and et.al.,2019. Real-time intrafraction motion monitoring in external beam
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Jaquays, B. and Thompson, D., 2018. Motivation McClelland's Needs Theory. BUS610:
Organizational Behavior.
Beugelsdijk, S. and Welzel, C., 2018. Dimensions and dynamics of national culture:
Synthesizing Hofstede with Inglehart. Journal of cross-cultural psychology, 49(10),
pp.1469-1505.
By, R.T. and Burnes, B., 2017. Organizational Change, Leadership and Ethics: Leading
Organisations towards Sustainability. London: Routledge.
Christiansen, B., 2018. Cultural Variations and Business Performance: Contemporary
Globalism: Contemporary Globalism. IGI Global.
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Francescato, D. and Aber, M., 2015. Learning from organizational theory to build
organizational empowerment. Journal of Community Psychology, 43(6), pp.717-738.
Gagne, M., Sharma, P. and De Massis, A., 2018. The study of organizational behaviour in
family business. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 23(5),
pp.643-656.
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