Motivation Theories: Description, Analysis and Recommendations

Individual essay
(Assessment-2)

Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
TASK...............................................................................................................................................3
Description of relevant theories...................................................................................................3
Analysis.......................................................................................................................................4
Recommendations........................................................................................................................5
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................6

INTRODUCTION
Motivation is defined as the process that is related to initiating, guiding, and influencing the
goal-oriented behaviour. It is derived from the word motive that means needs, desire as well as
derives within an individual. Thera are various forces such as emotional, social, biological and
cognitive that activate the behaviour and motivate them to perform in desirable manner. There
are various theories of motivation are available that are used by the managers to motivate
employees to perform efficiently such as content theory, process theory and cognitive theory.
Managers of organisation need to analyse employee’s needs and motivations forces of employees
than implement suitable one that impact on the behaviour of employees. This report covers
description of relevant motivation theories, analysis of this theories. Along with that
recommendation to improve motivation among employee are explained in this project report.
TASK
Description of relevant theories
Theories of motivation is separated into content as well as process theory in which content
theory explain the concept of motivation on the other hand, process theory describe how
motivation occurs. In content theory Maslow’s hierarchy theory, Alderfer’s ERG theory and
Herzberg’s motivational-hygiene theory and on process theory Edems’ equity theory of
motivation Vroom’s expectancy theory. Maslow’s theory of hierarchy is most recognise theory
of motivation that is introduced by the Abraham Maslow that explained the level of motivation
through satisfying needs that are arranged in hierarchical manner (Abed, 2018). He also
explained that a satisfied need does not motivate, it is the sense of dissatisfaction that moves an
individual towards the direction of fulfilment. Needs and conditions in an individual are essential
for maintaining the growth and well-being in life. There are five hierarchical levels are included
in Maslow hierarchy theory of motivation such as psychological need, safety and security need,
love and belongings’ need, self-esteem and self-actualisation need. It starts from lower level and
goes to the top, once the one level of needs on an employee is fulfilled than next level of need
raised that motivated them to perform in great efficiency and effectiveness. In current business
environment, organisational understands the needs of employees in each hierarchical level and
fulfil their requirements to enhance employee’s employee’s performance and productivity and
retain them with organisation for longer period of time. As psychological need is related to food,