Understanding why people work: Theories of motivation and strategies to cope with negative factors

This report covers the theories of motivation and the factors which can influence the employees and their positive and negative experiences of the employees. Moreover, it also covers certain strategies in order to comply with the negative experiences.

Business Management with Foundation
BMP3004
World of Work
Understanding why people work
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Contents
Introduction 3
What does Motivation Mean? 3
The various factors which motivate employees to work
4
The positive factors employees experience as a result of their job
roles 5
The negative factors employees experience as a result of their job
roles 5
Strategies to cope with negative factors employees experience as a
result of their job roles 6
Conclusion 6
References 7
Introduction

Motivation is the process of guiding, initiating and build goals oriented behavior
which includes the emotional, cognitive and emotional forces that influence the individual
behavior. It helps in maintaining the effective team by which an organization an attains the
per-defined goal in an appropriate manner Levesque-Bristol and et. al.,2020). When
individual tends to work, it means they learn certain new things and skills and also make the
strong group at their workplace. There are certain reasons for which people work. Motivation
is the tool by which individual feel values and happy at their job role. This report will cover
the theories of motivation and the factors which can influence the employees and their
positive and negative experiences of the employees. Moreover, It also cover the certain
strategies in order to comply with the negative experiences.
What does Motivation Mean?
Motivation can be referred to the process which initiate the individual for their better
actions in their given job role. It is primarily includes the emotional, biological and the social
forces which can activates the individual behavior. There are different theories of motivation
which can reflect the human actions and these are explained as follows:
Maslow hierarchical of need theory is having five components of human need
which is depicted in the hierarchical manner within the pyramid. Individual gets motivated to
order to achieve the certain needs and take better decisions over others and these are
explained as follows:
 Physiological needs: It is the primary needs which is being arises for the survival of
the human being such as air, water, food clothing etc. If those needs can not be
satisfied then the human being can not have the life. After achieving this need, the
person moves to another need.
 safety needs: After fulfilling the physiological need, the person wants to experience,
control and predict their life which can be fulfilled by the society and the family. This
also helps the individual to have the free mind set in order to work in an appropriate
manner(Kohnke, 2020).
 Love and belonging needs: It is the need which is arises when the individual is
having certain aspects for their inter personal relationships, contentedness and being
the part of specific group. There are certain example which includes friendship, trust,
intimacy etc, which needs to be achieved by which an individual gets motivated for
their next level of need.

 Self-esteem need: It includes the two categories, the first is esteem for the individual
while achieving the dignity and achievement which is having great significance.
Another is desire of respect and recognition from others which also includes the
prestige and status of the human being. By fulfilling such needs, the individual move
to next level of their need(Marotz, 2021).
 Self-actualization needs: It is the highest level of need which includes the actual
realization of individual's potential which also helps in personal growth as well as the
experiences. This also helps the individual to have better accomplishment of
everything an in this way one can be the perfect individual and have better life and
influence.
Two type of motivation which are explained as follows: Intrinsic: It includes the capability of the individual in a particular task as they are
rewarded personally. This also helps in motivation of the individual by using the
appropriate method of goal achievement. For say, receiving appropriate feedback.
 Extrinsic:It includes the completion of task or the exhibition of task in which the
individual can have the outside factors such as receiving rewards, avoiding
punishments etc. this also helps in some cases that includes the certain examples such
as rewards.
The various factors which motivate employees to work
 Salary: It is amount of money which is being earned or given by the individual for
doing some sort of work so that they can effectively meet their needs. In this case, an
individual can do what is essential for them to survive(Karaman, Vela and Eşici,
2020). It can be said that individual who get the good pay, bonus or incentives are
more likely to work with the right approach and also giving proper time to solve the
various approaches in order to enhance its efficiency and productivity.
 Promotion: It is the aspect which motivated the employees by appealing to their
ambition as it affects the employees and their desire of the autonomy, independence
and the managerial competence. The employees are promoted to new level of job by
increasing their position and make them become more responsible and efficient by
which they become motivated in order to work in an particular organization.
 Work Environment: It is the aspects which helps in motivating the individual by
offering or providing them the good working environment so that they can right use

their skills and abilities in order. When the employees are working in the healthy
environment so that it helps in enhancing the productivity and potential of the
candidate.
The positive factors employees experience as a result of their job
roles
The job of an employees which offers the better experience to the workforce which
can leads to have the better results towards the positive job satisfaction. Some of the positive
factors which can impact the experience of the workers which are explained as follows:
 Skill development and growth opportunities: Every individual is working towards
polishing their skills and abilities so that they can get career enhancement in future. so
when the job of the individual is offering the job opportunities and development it
helps in positive experience of the employees(Edgar, Blaker and Everett, 2020).
 Modern performance management: when the employees is having so that they can
have the better approach in order to have better results within the organization. The
most important factors which includes the performance management as continuous
evaluation of the individual work helps in identifying the deviation form the work and
helps in enhancing the efficiency and the productivity of the employees.
The negative factors employees experience as a result of their job
roles
There are some negative factors which impact on the individual performance or the
experience of the employees related to their job role are given below: Toxic work environment:This is the factor which creates the negative experience for
the employees as the employees are creating negative talks which affects the working
of the company. The employees feel dissatisfied from their work(Costa and et. al.,
2021).
 Workplace conflicts: This is one of the factor which is being faced by the employees
at their workplace by having misunderstanding by which the morale of the employees
lower down which affects the productivity of the employees.
Strategies to cope with negative factors employees experience as a
result of their job roles

There are various strategies by which a employer can cope up with negative experience of
the employees are explained as follows:
 Opportunity to express opinions and views: These are the aspects which helps in
having the certain ways by which they can make the better approach to have the better
results and have certain options in their given job role(Velichkovsky, 2020). This will
motivates the employees to fell job satisfaction and improve their efficiency.
 Employee engagement: It is the aspects which allows the individual to have the
frequent, authentic and less formal conversation so that they can eliminates the
conflicts to the employees who is under performing at their given job role and easily
learn new things in order to perform well.
 Give recognition: It is necessary for the employees to have the better results in their
given job role and it becomes the duty of the manager to motivates their high
performance working by giving them rewards and bonus so that they can effectively
work in their job role.
Conclusion
This report conclude that motivation play a vital role at work place and enhance the
productivity of the workforce in the organization. There are various factor which motivate the
employees for hard work and dedication towards their work which include salary, promotion,
working environment etc. It create positive employee experience by providing growth
opportunity and modern management of performance. On the other hand the conflict and
toxic environment create some negative employee experience too. To overcome from this
type of situation the organization use different strategies which include giving recognition,
increase their engagement and provide opportunities to express their opinion.

References
Costa, S. and et. al., 2021. Happiness in physical activity: a longitudinal examination of
children motivation and negative affect in physical activity. Journal of Happiness
Studies, 22(4), pp.1643-1655.
Edgar, F., Blaker, N.M. and Everett, A.M., 2020. Gender and job performance: linking the
high performance work system with the ability–motivation–opportunity
framework. Personnel Review.
Karaman, M.A., Vela, J.C. and Eşici, H., 2020. Middle school students’ academic motivation
in Turkey: Levels of perfectionism and self-efficacy. Middle School Journal, 51(5),
pp.35-45.
Kohnke, L., 2020. Exploring learner perception, experience and motivation of using a mobile
app in L2 vocabulary acquisition. International Journal of Computer-Assisted
Language Learning and Teaching (IJCALLT), 10(1), pp.15-26.
Levesque-Bristol, C. and et. al.,2020. An evaluation of the integrative model for learning and
motivation in the college classroom. Current Psychology, pp.1-13.
Marotz, L., 2021. Early Childhood Leadership: Motivation, Inspiration, Empowerment.
Rowman & Littlefield.
Velichkovsky, B.T., 2020. Social stress, labor motivation and health. Bulletin of Siberian
Medicine, 4(3), pp.5-18.