Motivation Theories for Tesco's New Store 'Jack'

This report defines motivation theories which can be used by Tesco’s new store ‘Jack’. The report explains Maslow need hierarchy theory and McClelland theory of needs and motivation. Maslow need hierarchy theory is based on human needs which starts from lower to the higher order of needs. McClelland theory of needs and motivation defines how various factors, such as- achievement, power and affiliation can encourage and motivate people in any professional environment.

INTRODUCTION TO
BUSINESS

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION....................................................................................................................3
TASK.........................................................................................................................................3
Maslow need hierarchy theory...............................................................................................3
McClelland theory of needs and motivation..........................................................................4
CONCLUSION.........................................................................................................................6
REFERENCES.........................................................................................................................7

INTRODUCTION
Motivation is the force which inspire and encourage people to work towards the
achievement of organization objective. The drivers of motivation are classified under
extrinsic and intrinsic factors. This report will define motivation theories which can be used
by Tesco’s new store ‘Jack’. As motivation is the source which can boost employee
productivity, this can also offer job satisfaction and enhance employee loyalty towards the
organization.
TASK
Motivational theories are the approach of evaluating the drivers of motivation for a
person which can inspire them to work towards the achievement of desired organizational
objective (Motivational theories, 2021). Motivation theories are based on extrinsic and
intrinsic factors which defines which types of factors are the source of motivation for an in
dividual.
Maslow need hierarchy theory
This theory of motivation was proposed by Abraham Maslow which is based on
human needs which starts from lower to the higher order of needs. This motivational theory
states that after meeting one level of need, an individual looks forwards towards fulfilment of
higher level of needs (Rossier and Bühlmann, 2018). The need hierarchy theory is based upon
different level of needs, which are- psychological needs, safety and security needs, social and
belongingness needs, self-esteem needs and self-actualization needs.

Source: Maslow’s hierarchy of need, 2020
In case of Jack, the management of the organization will ensure they can meet all
level of needs starting from basic needs, such as food, shelter and clothing and others. The
company will focus on offering quality services and benefits to their employees through
which they can meet their survival and maintenance of their livelihood. Thereafter, Jack store
will be offering additional benefits, such as- economic security and health safety which will
meet tehri safety and belonginess needs. In relation to Jack stores, the company focuses on
meeting all level of employee needs by understanding their needs and focusing on meeting
such need which can help in enhancing their performance and this will increase employee
engagement in the company.
 Advantages- In case of Jack Stores, this will be helpful in boosting employee morale
and will lead to incline in employee engagement which will assist the store in meeting
their organizational objectives (Advantages and disadvantages of Maslow’s theory of
motivation, 2018). By meeting the different level of needs of employees, this will
encourage employees to willingly participate in business activities and this will also
help Jack stores in gaining insight into human nature. Such theories will also support
Jack Stores in increasing their sales and maximizing business profitability as
motivated workforce will create positive impact on overall organizational
productivity.
 Limitations- One of the major limitations which has been faced by Jack stores after
implementation of this motivational theory is that this theory cannot be empirically
evaluated, as there is no measuring scale which can define satisfaction of one level of
need (Limitation of need hierarchy theory, 2017). Another drawback which has been
faced by Jack stores after incorporating these needs motivational theory was that the
company is failing in recognizing of cultural and individual differences which is a
barrier in meeting the needs of their employees and such limitations affects employee
interest and their performance in an organization which can create an adverse impact
on overall organizational productivity.
McClelland theory of needs and motivation
This theory was proposed by David McClelland which defines how various factors,
such as- achievement, power and affiliation can encourage and motivate people in any

professional environment. In simple words, these three factors create an impact on the quality
of performance of employees.
As per this theory, this states that the needs and driving forces of motivation are not
natural and are developed over a period of time in an employee’s life (McClelland theory of
need and motivation, 2020). These three forces are responsible to create an impact on the
performance of employees.
Source: McClelland Need Theory, 2022
In case of Jack store, the company follows this research-based approach which is used
to evaluate factors that can motivate employees which can be used by the selected company
to boost employee morale and enhance their performance standards.
Need for affiliation- In this factor, this factor defines the needs of people where that
develop social relationship with a set of people. In case of Jack Store, through meeting the
needs of affiliation of their employees, the company will be focusing on meeting the needs of
social acceptance of their employees.
Need for achievement- This factor of McClelland theory states that people want to
achieve things and their needs for being known and reputed are the factors which can drive
motivation of an individual (van Tulder, Verbeke and Piscitello, 2018). In context of Jack
Stores, this factor of McClelland theory was applicable for employees who were comfortably
working in hierarchical system that rewards performance liked achievements.
Need for power- In case of Jack Store, the employees who have internal desire to
gain come control and authority in the company are influenced with such drivers of

motivation. Such motivation factor is also responsible to boost self-esteem of employees
after getting authority in workplace.
 Advantages- This theory of motivation helps Jack Stores in assigning task to
employees according to their needs which is also helpful in ensuring more satisfied
employees are working for the company.
 Disadvantages- This form of motivation theory is not used for meeting the basic level
of needs of employees which is one of the biggest drawbacks of this approach
(Advantages and disadvantages of McClelland theory of motivation, 2018). Therefore,
Jack stores also found it difficult to find position matching the needs of their
employees which created an adverse impact on employee morale and their
performance. Such factors created direct impact on the profitability and competitive
position of business.
CONCLUSION
From the detailed analysis of above information, it can be concluded that motivation
is the source of driving willingness and interest of employee in business activities where they
can perform effectively and have job satisfaction. The intrinsic and extrinsic forces of
motivation are the mediums which can be used by an organization to encourage employees to
work effectively which will assist them in meeting organizational targets. The need hierarchy
theory states that employees driving forces are their needs which starts from their basic needs
to self-actualization needs.

REFERENCES
Books and journals
Rossier, T. and Bühlmann, F., 2018. The internationalisation of economics and business
studies: import of excellence, cosmopolitan capital, or American
dominance?. Historical Social Research/Historische Sozialforschung. 43(3 (165).
pp.189-215.
van Tulder, R., Verbeke, A. and Piscitello, L., 2018. Introduction: international business in
the information and digital age–an overview of themes and challenges. International
Business in the Information and Digital Age.
Online
Motivational theories, 2021 [Online]. Available through <https://www.breathehr.com/en-
gb/blog/topic/employee-engagement/what-are-motivation-theories>
Advantages and disadvantages of Maslow’s theory of motivation, 2018 [Online]. Available
through <https://www.letslearnfinance.com/advantages-disadvantages-maslow-theory-
motivation.html>
Limitation of need hierarchy theory, 2017 [Online]. Available through
<https://www.bmindstoday.com/limitations-of-maslow-s-hierarchy-of-needs-theory-
merits/>
McClelland theory of need and motivation, 2020 [Online]. Available through
<https://harappa.education/harappa-diaries/mcclellands-theory-of-needs-and-
motivation/>
Advantages and disadvantages of McClelland theory of motivation, 2018 [Online]. Available
through <https://www.letslearnfinance.com/advantages-and-disadvantages-of-
mcclelland-theory.html>
Image source
Maslow’s hierarchy of need, 2020 [Online]. Available through
<https://www.simplypsychology.org/maslow.html>
McClelland Need Theory, 2022 [Online]. Available through
<https://businessjargons.com/mcclellands-needs-theory.html>