NBN Policy of Australia: A Comprehensive Analysis

This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the National Broadband Network (NBN) policy in Australia. It examines the historical development of the NBN, the various technologies employed, the political controversies surrounding its implementation, and the challenges and opportunities it presents for the future of telecommunications in Australia. The paper also discusses the impact of the NBN on consumers, businesses, and the broader economy.

NBN Policy of Australia
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Contents
Introduction......................................................................................................................................3
Main body........................................................................................................................................4
Conclusion.......................................................................................................................................9
References......................................................................................................................................10
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Introduction
This unit is about the NBN policy of Australian Government, NBN is the National Broadband
Network which is giving the Australians to access the fast service of the internet. This is the
project of open access to data in Australia national wholesale which includes radio and wired
communication components which are rolled out and are operated by the NBN Co Limited. The
other service provider such as Retail service provider which is typically an Internet Service
Provider, had contracted with NBN for accessing the network and also sell the fixed internet
access to the end users.
The national telecommunication infrastructure for the rationales is the project which includes the
replacing of the existing copper cable telephony network which has approached to the end of life
and after some time the demand of internet access grew fast (Campbell, 2016). The connections
of wire which were provided the 100 Mbit/s data; later on it was increased to 1Gbit/s after the
election of the government of Abbott in the year 2013, which was again downgraded to 25
Mbit/s.
NBN is the most significant project of Australia which was initially started was the major source
of expenditure to the government. This was the project which was invested in the infrastructure
for providing the high capacity of data communication across the nation for serving to the
organisation and to individuals. The system of NBN consists of the provision of the service of
broadband which is a mixture of three technology which are fixed wireless, optic fiber and the
satellite of next generation. NBN offers the opportunity to increase the rate of the data
transmission, and also provided the meaning of the high capacity of the broadband service. The
main aim of the NBN is to provide the more online connectivity and the interactivity for
improving the productivity of the growing the digital economy; changing technology require the
careful selection at the initial stage.
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NBN is the National Broadband Network which is the project of open access to data by the
Australian network wholesale. This includes radio and wired communication components which
were operated and rolled out by the NBN Co Limited. The other companies which provide the
service such as Retail Service Providers which is also the internet service provider who
contracted with NBN for accessing the network and sell out the fixed access of internet to the
end users. The project of telecommunication infrastructure includes replacing the old copper
cable of telephony network which was the end of life but certainly, there was a sudden growth in
the demand for internet access. The wired connection was provided the 100 Mbit/s data but later
on, it was expanded to 1Gbit/s which was after the election of the government of Abbott in the
year 2013 which was again downgraded to minimum 25 Mbit/s of data.
NBN was the largest project in the history of Australia which became the subject of political
contention and was the issue in the election of federal. In the year 2007, the fastest broadband
was announced in the federal election by the opposition labour which was estimated to $15
billion which included the contribution of the government of $4.7 billion which was raised by
selling the remaining shares of the federal government in Telstra. On November 24, 2007, the
government of Labour party Rudd was elected and the initial planning was started. Firstly the
Rudd government proposed to develop the modem optical fibre telecommunication network for
providing the access to broadband to approx. 93 percent of the population of Australia at the
speed of 100 Mbit/s, to those people and area that are outside to the network area to provide the
access of broadband by geosynchronous telecommunication satellite and fixed wireless. In
originally the NBN was providing the service of wholesale by the fibre to the node which was
reach approx. 98 percent area of Australia in 2021. In 2008, the first request was built for NBN
which was not executed; organisations who were receiving the complaints were not able to fulfil
the requirement and even were not able to provide the necessary funding. The complaint was
received by the Telstra and was excluded from the consideration. The cost of the project was
estimated to $43 billion which was reduced to $37.4 billion; this was the project which was to be
financed in the combination with the government of Federal who invested the amount of $30.4
billion. The return on the investment was expected to be $23.1 by the year 2021. In 2009, the
government of Rudd announced the bypass of the existing copper network; Tasmania was
selected for the trial which was based on the Government of Tasmanian. The Telstra threatened
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but the structural was not completed. The NBN Co was established on the April 2009 and Mr.
Mike Quigley was the next which was appointed as the chief executive officer on 25 July.
In the year 2010, the company NBN had issued the request to the tender for the major rollout of
FTTP, 14 vendors had submitted the proposal, and the company NBN was suspended as the
price of the project was too high. The first customer of FTTP was connected in July, 2010. The
government of Gillard had elected in the election of 2010, in which the priority was given to the
rural areas. As the increasement in the speed of one gigabit per second was announced in the
response to the Google Fiber in the USA (Levin, and Schmidt, 2015). The leader of Opposition,
Abbott for communication broadband stated in the year 2010 which the government will
demolish the company NBN. The NBN Co has released the plan on 20 December 2010 which
included the design of network and forecasts the priorities to the incorporate.
The company planned the centralized model with 14 points of interconnection which was
overruled by the Government of Federal on the advice of ACCC (Australian Competition and
Consumer Commission). They considered the plan and given the monopoly to the NBN over the
backhaul, the company said the model of centralized will be allowed smaller RSPs. In 2011, the
prices were increased; the company contract with Ericsson in June for building, designing and
operating the network to extend the contract till 10 years which the total cost is $1.1 billion
(Oliver, and Schoff, 2017). NBN business entered into the agreement of $ 380 million on June 1.
This agreement was covered with the construction of the NBN, South Wales. The agreement had
the 2-year extension which has the value of $ 740 million. On June 23 the company NBN signed
the agreement with Telstra which was estimated at $8 million. Telstra didn't require the separate
wholesale and retail operation, instead of disconnecting the internet customers from the hybrid
fiber-coaxial and copper network in areas where the FTTP was installed, they were agreed to
exchange the ducts and space to NBN Co. On 23 June NBN signed with the Optus in $800
million. Telstra allowed NBN for using the ducts and exchange in the second release of its sites
before the agreement with the Telstra has finished.
In the year 2013, MTM was selected as the broadband in the Australian Federal election, the
government of Abbott has announced the NBN for the immediate changes; many of the Board of
NBN Co was asked for resigning. The new chairman was appointed was Ziggy Switkowski, and
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the rollout was moved from FTTP to the alternative of technologies which were Fibre to the
node. The government of Abbott has limited the FTTP to those areas where the rollout was
already developed (Reilly, 2015). On November 2013 the network construction was passed by
354,793 premises and the customer services of 109,862 were activated. On December 12 NBN
appointed Bill Morrow as the new CEO of NBN. Turnbull has announced the MTM (Multi-
Technology Mix) by promising the savings and also the earlier completion. MTM added FTTN
as the technology and also kept the Hybrid fibre coaxial.
In the year 2014, the newspaper of Australia judged the rollout of Tasmania, finally, the MTM
approach was finalized; the initial timing and cost of Coalition of NBN were $29.5 billion from
the funding of people constructed by 2019. NBN announced in May that it will target those
premises which are already getting serviced from fibre by TPG. In the next year 2015, Quigley
attacked publicly on the MTM and NBN, by saying the fault of the changes must be made by the
Coalition government (Kennett, B.L.N., 2015). On the 30 June premises of 1,011,973 were able
to order the service, 180,796 premises ordered services of fixed line, 38,743 interim satellite
services, and 485,615 users were activated.
In 2016, Turnbull became the prime minister and the minister of communication was Mitch
Fifield. On June 30 the NBN Co. had already passed the premises of 2,893,474 overall the
technology. The annual revenue of the company was $421 million which was compared to $164
million in the year 2015. The company NBN was not found any of the demand of wired
connection above the 25 Mbit/s and also upgraded the network was not considered till the
demand of high bandwidth is proven. In the year 2017, the joint committee had found the
technical issues in the NBN and in the performance of the company. The Coalition member of
the committee has released that the report is strongly defending the company NBN. In the same
year, the public blog was written by the Morrow, in which he was arguing with the program of
new Zealand which was the Ultra-fast Broadband are operating in different policy settings. On
October 23, the company NBN was the calamitous train wreck of the project" said by the
Turnbull and also argued that the NBN will not be able to make any of the profit in the future
(Wang, et. al., 2015). Morrow had admitted that the 15% of the end users are receiving the poor
service from the NBN and they were seriously dissatisfied, moreover in July he said, the
performance and the price for the end users were suppressing through the war of price between
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the RSP and NBN. Another telecommunication company Ombudsman had released its report
which was showing that there is 159 percent of the complaints has increased against the NBN
and also display that 40 percent user of NBN is dissatisfied. In response to this, the immediate
broadcast was done by the Turnbull by saying that the NBN is the failure by blaming the
government of Gillard and Rudd. The documentary was notified by giving the issues of the
rollout and the complaints of the performance of NBN. In the government of Abbott, the minister
of communication; Mr. Turnbull had changed the technical network aspects. The next, ACCC
also started doing inquiry against the NBN in 2017 November, which investigated that whether
the regulation was needed to improve the customer’s outcome. In 2017 November, the NBN was
suspended temporarily from the rollout of the network of HFC due to the issues in the
performance.
In the year 2018, in February, Mr. Turnbull criticized the connecting the Lodge with the NBN by
using the technology of FTTC but the neighbours were having the technology plan of FTTN with
the 100 Mbps plan.
In 2017, NBN technology includes the communication of wired which has optical, copper and
hybrid fibre coaxial and the communication of radio includes fixed wireless and satellite network
at the point of 121 of the interconnect which is typically located in Telstra owned telephone
exchange all over Australia.
MTM comprises with:
 FTTP (Fibre to the Premises) which are available for the development of Greenfield.
 FTTN (Fibre to the Node), which is the mixed technology of copper, for providing the
connections to NBN which replaces the FTTP as technology.
 HFC (Hybrid fibre-coaxial) which was to shut down, the network HFC of Telstra is maintained
and also the network of Optus was upgraded to FTTC.
Radio communication:
 Sky Muster telecommunication satellites.
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 Fixed wireless.
The minister of communication Mr. Mitch; has said the piece of opinion for the Fairfax
newspaper has the boasting in the numbers. The minister has claimed that there was no chance of
failure as the Australians has given the choice of 100 Mbps speed was not as important for them
as keeping up the internet monthly bills which they can afford, as they are using the service type
they are not required that speeds.
The high speed of internet is not afforded by the Australians was not the problem, but the
problem was the object of the policy, the objective of the government of the network broadband
for the nation did not provide the world-class speed of internet to the Australians or the better
speed from the world, is to provide the country with the infrastructure which will set for the next
100 years in Australia.
As the NBN came, the main objective of the NBN was to provide the Australians the fast
broadband access of internet as soon as possible in the affordable price. As when the object of
the company was to provide only the fast speed of internet, which allows the users to download
the Netflix, then that was the only thing the company has to deliver to the users (Merker, et. al.,
2016). The labour party wanted the faster connection in the home but that also came with the
caveat. As the ALP was afraid of the deficits in the budget, the company NBN set up to be sold
at the profit. This was the issue which made the increment in the prices, which has caused the
price to the top end speed of the internet was out of the reach of the common people, and also the
service providers had an effect on buying the NBN for accessing, which lead the speed of the
connection very slow during the peak times.
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Conclusion
It has to conclude in this unit about the NBN policy of Australian Government. NBN is the
Australian government open access to the internet project. This project includes the radio and
wired communication which had the components such as rolled out which was operated by the
NBN Co. The Retail service providers who are the providers of the internet service signed the
contract with NBN for accessing its network and also to sell it out for the end users. The
infrastructure of the telecommunication included which was replaced was the copper telephone
cable network which was the end of life as the users were not so interested in using them, but
suddenly the demand started for the internet access. Before the wired connection was provided
with the 100 Mbit/s, but after the election of Abbott government held, it was also increased to 1
Gbit/s, which was downgraded to 25 Mbit/s. The NBN technology includes the wired
communication which was of a hybrid fibre coaxial, copper; and in the radio communication the
fixed wireless networks and the satellite with 121 points of the interconnect which was located in
Telstra which was owned by the telephone exchange in all over Australia. In this unit the NBN
technology has discussed, the issues of the NBN technology has discussed. It has discussed how
the NBN has developed itself and what were the issues came in it.
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References
 Campbell, L.H., 2016. The NBN from 2009 to 2016 and Beyond.
 Levin, S. and Schmidt, S., 2015. Policies to Facilitate FTTP Deployment.
 Merker, M., Bohn, C., Voellinger, M., Ilin, K. and Siegel, M., 2016. NbN-AlN-NbN Josephson
junctions on different substrates. Verhandlungen der Deutschen Physikalischen Gesellschaft.
 Oliver, J. and Schoff, P., 2017. Agency and Competition Law in Australia Following ACCC v
Flight Centre Travel Group. Journal of European Competition Law& Practice, 8(5), pp.321-328.
 Reilly, C., 2015. NBN Co promises gigabit speeds by 2017 with new cable technology. CNET.
 Wang, Y., Huang, G., Mu, H., Lin, S., Chen, J., Xiao, S., Bao, Q. and He, J., 2015. Ultrafast
recovery time and broadband saturable absorption properties of black phosphorus
suspension. Applied Physics Letters, 107(9), p.091905.
 Kennett, B.L.N., 2015. Lithosphere–asthenosphere P-wave reflectivity across Australia. Earth
and Planetary Science Letters, 431, pp.225-235.
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