Neoliberalism in San Francisco City of the United States

San Francisco City in the
United States

1
Introduction
The paper will analyze the importance of one of the neoliberal city, and it will demonstrate in
concerning to the San Francisco city of the United States. In other words, it will highlight the
concept of neoliberalism about various theories, issues as well as themes. Neoliberalism can be
defined as the value of market free competition and is often characterized for sustainable
economic growth of a city or state. It is established for proving a positive economic growth of
the particular city or state because neoliberalism help the government to provide a competition
free environment where the marketers can easily enhance their business growth. If neoliberalism
approach is developed by the major cities then it be helpful for the government to maintain a
constant growth in their market which will finally give rise to standard position of the concerned
city in the country. Besides this, a logical, as well as a compelling and creative argument, will
also provide about the neoliberal approach. Moreover, the paper will reflect a literature review
concerning the neoliberal approach in relation with the other cities of the world. Moreover, it
will also provide some examples of neoliberal approach, and it will investigate according to the
basic aspects as provided by the literature review of other cities concept about this neoliberal
approach.
Main Context
In the words of Davies, (2014), the San Francisco and other cities in the nation, represents
crucial arenas for the contestation as well as expression of neoliberal practice and policy. It also
represents both the distinctive logic of public as well as local interactions that produce specific
outcomes following sets in particular cities. The San Francisco city of the United States has
rapidly enhanced their neoliberal approach and at the end of 1970's the social, political
environment of the city was riped for the new economic model and after that neoliberalism took
the helm. According to the author Lin and Zhang, (2015), the cities of the United States in the
1940's were considered as to be the vital terrains in the contestation and rollout of neoliberalism.
In other words, both neo-Gramscian and Foucauldian studies increase the understandings of this
neoliberalism concept regarding government rules and regulations. The neoliberal policies
become entrenched that give rise to social services and cuts the federal funding of affordable
housing. The author Bose, (2015) suggested that the Foucauldian governmentality concept had
been considered as an influential research approach that enhances the neoliberalism of city life.

2
The author had suggested that both these distinctive logic of the urban and local areas had
formed the main challenge for built-up studies in the past forty years.
As per the theory of Marxist, it is clear that institutionalist accounts and structuralism approaches
both failed to deal with these challenges that were mainly faced by the cities of the United States
during 1970’s due to neoliberalism concept. As per the author Cooksey, (2017), the neoliberal
theory provides a framework that mainly captures the importance of both local as well as large-
scale forces. In concern to the large-scale forces, the neoliberal theory mainly defines the
structural perspective regarding federal retrenchment, market deregulation, public-private
venture capitalism, and government cutbacks. On the other hand, this theory also demonstrates
the political, social, economic as well as cultural complexion of the city regarding the large-scale
forces. In other words, the author demonstrates that the establishment of neoliberal
governmentality theory simply diagnosis the progress of government in the outright domination
or correction to bio-political control or self-regulation. In the opinion of Bates, (2014), the
regime theory of neoliberalism posits that informal and formal arrangement create coalitions of
private and public power. The urban development and governance were understood by these peer
regimes about the respective sources and blending of various individuals respectively.
The author also suggested that new approaches provide valuable understandings and insights of
the urban governance, but the degree of ambiguity in concerning both local and urban context
still failed in resolving the issue. As evaluated by the author Le Gales, (2016), Gramsci's theory
of the necessary state was considered to be the better understanding of the concept of neoliberal
metropolitan authority. According to this theory, the governmentality, consensus, as well as the
power, were organized concretely in space and time and also in resistance. Hence with the help
of this theory, the author demonstrates that neoliberal urban governance mainly emphasis on
treating the coercive capabilities of modalities as one of an integral part of the public power. The
theory has been explained by the author through an example which simply argued that Gramsci’s
theory had played the role in the monopoly of oppression and it mainly held by the independent
states. According to the author Wu, (2017), the San Francisco city of the United States depicts
neoliberalism as a national economic policy that shifts towards rampant privatization, the free
market of fundamentalism and diminished government. With the help of quantitative
examinations of capital flows, qualitative historical analysis, and case studies, scholars or

3
researchers had concluded that neoliberalism hallmarks were generated due to uneven economic
development.
The author Di Feliciantonio, (2016), had suggested that following concerns by the local
government activity in relation with the corporatist state or capitalist and also with the theoretical
concept determines the decrease of specificity of the local state. In other words, by using this
approach, it was seen that in the last decades of the 20th century the grand narratives of both neo-
liberalization and neoliberalism in San Francisco decreased in particular manner. This is because
that in recent times the cities of the United States including San Fransisco and their indigenous
governance regimes both constituted a specific set of urban conjunctures as well as formations
that together represented a broad family of hybrid neoliberalism's. In the opinion of Newell and
Phillips, (2016), operations of local government in San Francisco was important to enhance their
neoliberal regimes of local governance and for this proper theory as well as the systematic
empirical investigation were executed by them in past decades. The author Thornton, (2017) also
suggested that to improve the neoliberal aspect of this city the local government has to suffer
from a variety of deficits in concerning to theoretical, normative, methodological as well as
analytical approach.
The theoretical deficiencies simply include the tendency to incorporate any local practices that
involve both the diverse neoliberalism and the existing neoliberalism concept. In order to involve
the concepts of diverse neoliberalism and the existing neoliberalism within San Francisco the
local government took serious steps. According to the local government, the neoliberalism
concept will easily develop the urban areas of this city and thus it will provide a huge benefit to
the people of this region. In other words, normative deficits mainly include both susceptibility to
the accusation and a tendency to political fatalism respectively. Thus, the normative issue faced
by the local governance of San Francisco was mainly provided limited analysis of neoliberalism
and due to this, the result formed was often disconnected from the actual resistance of the
neoliberalism concept. On the other hand, both methodological, as well as analytical issues,
generally arise from the difficulty of identifying any potential places as well as sites where the
neoliberal approach has not been applied yet. Therefore in order to diminish these issues and to
make the city more expensive it is important for the city to expand these neoliberal approach in
the urban politics. The neoliberalism approach will thereby help to improve the urban politics